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Alter P, Stoleriu C, Kahnert K, Henke MO, Bals R, Trudzinski FC, Watz H, Speicher T, Söhler S, Welte T, Rabe KF, Wouters EFM, Vogelmeier CF, Jörres RA. Characteristics of Current Smokers versus Former Smokers with COPD and Their Associations with Smoking Cessation Within 4.5 Years: Results from COSYCONET. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2911-2923. [PMID: 38084341 PMCID: PMC10710827 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s436669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continue smoking. We used data from the "real-life" COSYCONET COPD cohort to evaluate whether these patients differed from patients with COPD who either had ceased smoking prior to inclusion or ceased during the follow-up time of the study. Methods The analysis was based on data from visits 1-5 (covering 4.5 years), including all patients with the diagnosis of COPD who were either ex-smokers or smokers and categorized as GOLD 1-4 or the former GOLD 0 category. We compared the characteristics of smokers and ex-smokers at baseline (visit 1), as well as the course of lung function in the follow-up of permanent ex-smokers, permanent smokers and incident ex-smokers (smokers at visit 1 who ceased smoking before visit 5). We also identified baseline factors associated with subsequent smoking cessation. Results Among 2500 patients who were ever-smokers, 660 were current smokers and 1840 ex-smokers at baseline. Smokers were younger than ex-smokers (mean 61.5 vs 66.0 y), had a longer duration of smoking but fewer pack-years, a lower frequency of asthma, higher forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, 59.4 vs 55.2% predicted) and higher functional residual capacity (FRC, 147.7 vs 144.3% predicted). Similar results were obtained for the longitudinal subpopulation, comprising 713 permanent ex-smokers, 175 permanent smokers, and 55 incident ex-smokers. When analyzing the time course of lung function, higher FRC, lower FEV1 and the presence of asthma (p < 0.05 each) were associated with incident cessation prior to visit 5, while less airway obstruction was associated with smoking continuation. Conclusion These findings, which were consistent in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, suggest that lung hyperinflation was associated with being or becoming ex-smoker. Possibly, it is perceived by patients as one of the factors motivating their attempts to quit smoking, independent from airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Alter
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Cosmina Stoleriu
- Asklepios Lungenklinik Gauting, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gauting, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kahnert
- Department of Medicine V, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- MediCenterGermering, Germering, Germany
| | - Markus Oliver Henke
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Pneumologie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Franziska C Trudzinski
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Tim Speicher
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Söhler
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Jörres
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Ahmed N, Arshad S, Basheer SN, Karobari MI, Marya A, Marya CM, Taneja P, Messina P, Yean CY, Scardina GA. Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111003. [PMID: 34769523 PMCID: PMC8582668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing knowledge of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on general health, smoking is one of the most widely prevalent addictions around the world. Globally, about 1.1 billion smokers and over 8 million people die each year because of cigarette smoking. Smoking acts as a source for a variety of oral and systemic diseases. Various periodontal issues such as increased pocket depth, loss of alveolar bone, tooth mobility, oral lesions, ulcerations, halitosis, and stained teeth are more common among smokers. This systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines from PRISMA, and research articles were retrieved from the Web database sources on 31 May 2021. The quality of research articles was ensured by the type of evidence from combined schema incorporating as schema-13 evidence type description, Cochrane health promotion and public health field (CHPPHF), and the health gains notation framework-14 screening question for quality assessment of qualitative and quantitative studies. Smokers have been found to have bleeding on probing, periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss compared to nonsmokers. Oral and respiratory cancers are among the most lethal known diseases caused by cigarette smoking and other commonly occurring sequelae such as stained teeth, periodontal diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Sohaib Arshad
- Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Syed Nahid Basheer
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (C.Y.Y.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Anand Marya
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia;
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Charu Mohan Marya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121002, India; (C.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Pratibha Taneja
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121002, India; (C.M.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Pietro Messina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (C.Y.Y.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (C.Y.Y.); (G.A.S.)
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