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Tahery S, Munroe P, Marjo CE, Rawal A, Horvat J, Mohammed M, Webber JBW, Arns JY, Arns CH, Pan G, Bian R, Joseph S. A comparison between the characteristics of a biochar-NPK granule and a commercial NPK granule for application in the soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155021. [PMID: 35390373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Continual application of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer may not return a profit to farmers due to the costs of application and the loss of NPK from soil in various ways. Thus, a combination of NPK granule with a porous biochar (termed here as BNPK) appears to offer multiple benefits resulting from the excellent properties of biochar. Given the lack of information on the properties of NPK and BNPK fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of both to achieve a good understanding of why BNPK granule is superior to NPK granule. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of a maize straw biochar mixed with NPK granule, before and after application to soil, and compare them to those for a commercial NPK granule. The BNPK granule, with a greater surface area and porosity, showed a higher capacity to store and donate electrons than the NPK granule. Relatively lower concentrations of Ca, P, K, Si and Mg were dissolved from the BNPK, indicating the ability of the BNPK granule to maintain these mineral elements and reduce dissolution rate. To study the nutrient storage mechanism of the BNPK granule in the soil, short- and long-term leaching experiments were conducted. During the experiments, organo-mineral clusters, comprising C, P, K, Si, Al and Fe, were formed on the surface and inside the biochar pores. However, BNPK was not effective in reducing N leaching, in the absence of plants, in a red chromosol soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tahery
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - J Beau W Webber
- Lab-Tools Ltd., Marlowe Innovation Centre, Marlowe Way, Ramsgate CT12 6FA, UK
| | - Ji-Youn Arns
- CJEL Digital Imaging Education Solution Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2034, Australia
| | - Christoph H Arns
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Ogura AP, Lima JZ, Marques JP, Massaro Sousa L, Rodrigues VGS, Espíndola ELG. A review of pesticides sorption in biochar from maize, rice, and wheat residues: Current status and challenges for soil application. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113753. [PMID: 34537561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides has been increasing in recent years for maintaining traditional agricultural practices. However, these chemicals are associated with several environmental impacts, demanding urgent remediation techniques. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis that has the potential for pesticide sorption and remediation. In this context, this interdisciplinary review systematically assessed the state of the knowledge of crop residues to produce biochar for pesticide sorption. We focused on maize, rice, and wheat residues since these are the three most-produced grains worldwide. Besides, we evaluated different biochar handling, storage, and soil dispersion techniques to ease its implementation in agriculture. In general, pyrolysis temperature influences biochar characteristics and its potential for pesticide sorption. Furthermore, biochar amended soils had greater pesticide sorption capacity, limiting potential leaching and runoff. Most studies showed that the feedstock and specific surface area influence the biochar sorption properties, among other factors. Also, biochar reduces pesticides' bioavailability, decreasing their toxicity to soil organisms and improving soil fertility and crop yields. Nonetheless, the retrieved papers assessed only 21 pesticides, mainly consisting of lab-scale batch experiments. Therefore, there is still a gap in studies evaluating biochar aging, its potential desorption, pesticide co-contaminations, the associated microbiological processes, and field applications. Determining flow properties for biochars of different sizes and pellets is vital for reliable handling equipment design, and performing techno-economic assessment under different farm contexts is encouraged. Ultimately, coupling biochar production with residue management could address this challenge on sustainable agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Zanin Lima
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pelinsom Marques
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Massaro Sousa
- Process Design and Modeling Division, IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point Échangeur de Solaize, 69360, Solaize, France
| | | | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil
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