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Medgyesi DN, Mujtaba MN, Yang Q, Abubakari SW, Lee AG, Porter J, Chillrud SN, Kaali S, Jack DW, Asante KP. Geospatial determinants of maternal and child exposure to fine particulate matter in Kintampo, Ghana: Levels within the household and community, by surrounding building density and near roadways. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00606-1. [PMID: 37798345 PMCID: PMC10995107 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from household air pollution is well-documented in sub-Saharan Africa, but spatiotemporal patterns of exposure are poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE We used paired GPS and personal PM2.5 data to evaluate changes in exposure across location-time environments (e.g., household and community, during cooking and non-cooking hours), building density and proximity to roadways. METHODS Our study included 259 sessions of geolocated, gravimetrically-calibrated one-minute personal PM2.5 measurements from participants in the GRAPHS Child Lung Function Study. The household vicinity was defined using a 50-meter buffer around participants' homes. Community boundaries were developed using a spatial clustering algorithm applied to an open-source dataset of building footprints in Africa. For each GPS location, we estimated building density (500 m buffer) and proximity to roadways (100 m buffer). We estimated changes in PM2.5 exposure by location (household, community), time of day (morning/evening cooking hours, night), building density, and proximity to roadways using linear mixed effect models. RESULTS Relative to nighttime household exposure, PM2.5 exposure during evening cooking hours was 2.84 (95%CI = 2.70-2.98) and 1.80 (95%CI = 1.54-2.10) times higher in the household and community, respectively. Exposures were elevated in areas with the highest versus lowest quartile of building density (FactorQ1vsQ4 = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.42-1.80). The effect of building density was strongest during evening cooking hours, and influenced levels in both the household and community (31% and 65% relative increase from Q1 to Q4, respectively). Being proximal to a trunk, tertiary or track roadway increased exposure by a factor of 1.16 (95%CI = 1.07-1.25), 1.68 (95%CI = 1.45-1.95) and 1.27 (95%CI = 1.06-1.53), respectively. IMPACT Household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels in sub-Saharan Africa is a major environmental concern for maternal and child health. Our study advances previous knowledge by quantifying the impact of household cooking activities on air pollution levels in the community, and identifying two geographic features, building density and roadways, that contribute to maternal and child daily exposure. Household cooking contributes to higher air pollution levels in the community especially in areas with greater building density. Findings underscore the need for equitable clean household energy transitions that reach entire communities to reduce health risks from household and outdoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Medgyesi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mohammed Nuhu Mujtaba
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, North Municipality, Ghana
| | - Qiang Yang
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Elsevier Global STM Journals, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sulemana Watara Abubakari
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, North Municipality, Ghana
| | - Alison G Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Porter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Seyram Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, North Municipality, Ghana
| | - Darby W Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, North Municipality, Ghana
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Muteti-Fana S, Nkosana J, Naidoo RN. Kitchen Characteristics and Practices Associated with Increased PM 2.5 Concentration Levels in Zimbabwean Rural Households. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105811. [PMID: 37239536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuels significantly contributes to cardio-respiratory morbidity and premature mortality globally. Particulate matter (PM), one of the pollutants generated, remains the most accurate indicator of household air pollution. Determining indoor air concentration levels and factors influencing these levels at the household level is of prime importance, as it objectively guides efforts to reduce household air pollution. This paper describes household factors associated with increased PM2.5 levels in Zimbabwean rural household kitchens. Our HAP and lung health in women study enrolled 790 women in rural and urban households in Zimbabwe between March 2018 and December 2019. Here, we report data from 148 rural households using solid fuel as the primary source of fuel for cooking and heating and where indoor air samples were collected. Data on kitchen characteristics and practices were collected cross-sectionally using an indoor walk-through survey and a modified interviewer-administered questionnaire. An Air metrics miniVol Sampler was utilized to collect PM2.5 samples from the 148 kitchens over a 24 h period. To identify the kitchen features and practices that would likely influence PM2.5 concentration levels, we applied a multiple linear regression model. The measured PM2.5 ranged from 1.35 μg/m3 to 1940 μg/m3 (IQR: 52.1-472). The PM2.5 concentration levels in traditional kitchens significantly varied from the townhouse type kitchens, with the median for each kitchen being 291.7 μg/m3 (IQR: 97.2-472.2) and 1.35 μg/m3 (IQR: 1.3-97.2), respectively. The use of wood mixed with other forms of biomass was found to have a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) with increased levels of PM2.5 concentration. In addition, cooking indoors was strongly associated with higher PM2.5 concentrations (p = 0.012). Presence of smoke deposits on walls and roofs of the kitchens was significantly associated with increased PM2.5 concentration levels (p = 0.044). The study found that kitchen type, energy type, cooking place, and smoke deposits were significant predictors of increased PM2.5 concentrations in the rural households. Concentrations of PM2.5 were high as compared to WHO recommended exposure limits for PM2.5. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing kitchen characteristics and practices associated with elevated PM2.5 concentrations in settings where resources are limited and switching to cleaner fuels may not be an immediate feasible option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamiso Muteti-Fana
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Unit of Family Medicine, Global and Public Health, Department of Primary Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 3rd Floor, Parirenyatwa Hospital Grounds, Harare P.O. Box A178, Zimbabwe
| | - Jafta Nkosana
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Ranking the environmental factors of indoor air quality of metropolitan independent coffee shops by Random Forests model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16057. [PMID: 36163251 PMCID: PMC9513105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent coffee shops are the alternative workplaces for people working remotely from traditional offices but are not concerned about their indoor air quality (IAQ). This study aimed to rank the environmental factors in affecting the IAQ by Random Forests (RFs) models. The indoor environments and human activities of participated independent coffee shops were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive days including weekdays and weekend during the business hours. The multi-sized particulate matter (PM), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO, CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. RFs models ranked the environmental factors. More than 20% of the 15-min average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. Occupant density affected TVOCs, p-PAHs and CO2 concentrations directly. Tobacco smoking dominated PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and p-PAHs concentrations mostly. CO concentration was affected by roasting bean first and tobacco smoking secondly. The non-linear relationships between temperature and these pollutants illustrated the relative low concentrations happened at temperature between 22 and 24 °C. Tobacco smoking, roasting beans and occupant density are the observable activities to alert the IAQ change. Decreasing CO2 and optimizing the room temperature could also be the surrogate parameters to assure the IAQ.
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Huang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Chen L, Chen Y, Du W, Liu M. Household PM 2.5 pollution in rural Chinese homes: Levels, dynamic characteristics and seasonal variations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153085. [PMID: 35038528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans generally spend most of their time indoors, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in indoor air can have seriously adverse effects on human health due to the long exposure time. This study conducted field measurements to explore seasonal variations of PM2.5 concentrations in household air by revisiting the same rural homes in southern China and factors influencing indoor PM2.5 concentrations were explored mainly by one-way ANOVA. The PM2.5 concentrations of outdoor, kitchen and living room air were 38.9 ± 12.2, 47.1 ± 20.3 and 50.8 ± 24.1 μg/m3 in summer, respectively, which were 2.3 to 2.9 times lower than those in winter (p < 0.05). The lower indoor PM2.5 pollution in summer was attributed to the transition to clean household energy and better ventilation. Fuel type can significantly affect PM2.5 concentrations in the kitchen, with greater PM2.5 pollution associated with wood combustion than electricity. Our study firstly found mosquito coil emission was an important contributor to PM2.5 in the living room of rural households, which should be investigated further. Dynamic variations of PM2.5 suggested that cooking, heating and mosquito coil emission can rapidly increase indoor PM2.5 concentrations (up to one order of magnitude higher than baseline values), as well as the indoor/outdoor PM2.5 ratios. This study had the first insight of seasonal differences of household PM2.5 in the same rural homes using real-time monitors, confirming the different patterns and characteristics of household PM2.5 pollution in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Research Centre of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Abstract
The emission of cooking fumes becomes a serious concern due to the fast development of the restaurant business because it harms the health of restaurant workers and customers and damages the outdoor air quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of restaurant emissions on ambient air quality. Twenty restaurants with four different types of food cooking were selected in Dammam City, which represents a densely populated urban city in Saudi Arabia. Levels of five air pollutants were simultaneously measured in the restaurants’ chimneys and in the surrounding ambient air. The highest mean levels of CO (64.8 ± 44.3 ppm), CO2 (916.7 ± 463.4 ppm), VOCs (105.1 ± 61.3 ppm), NO2 (4.2 ± 2.4 ppm), and SO2 (8.0 ± 7.4 ppm) were recorded in chimneys of the grilling restaurants. Similarly, the highest levels of all pollutants were recorded in the areas adjacent to the grilling restaurants rather than other types.
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Zhang H, Jiang Z, Yan K, Yu Z, Sun J, Li J. Association of cooking water with the health of middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals: evidence from a national household longitudinal survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12347-12354. [PMID: 34569005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Little evidence has demonstrated the association between health conditions and cooking water. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship, using a representative sample of 10,531 subjects selected from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS). The usage rate of surface-exposed water showed a slight upward trend from 2010 to 2018. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of chronic diseases with surface-exposed and well water was 1.140 (95% CI: 0.989-1.315) and 0.902 (95% CI: 0.839-0.969), respectively, with reference to tap/purified water. Surface-exposed water increased the likelihood of a worsening health change by 25.5% (OR: 1.255; 95% CI: 1.123-1.411), while well water was associated with poor self-rated health (OR: 1.169; 95% CI: 1.094-1.249). As such, surface-exposed water was associated with chronic diseases and worsening changes in health, and well water was negatively associated with chronic diseases. Although efforts to improve quality of drinking water have been made in China for decades, our conclusions reveal that water quality still remains a critical public livelihood issue among middle-aged and elderly populations. More in-depth research is required on whether the disinfection ingredients of tap water may increase the risk for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zeshun Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Kangkang Yan
- Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Research Center of Health Big Data, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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The Development of a CO2 Emission Coefficient for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles with Different Road Slope Conditions Using Multiple Linear Regression, and Considering the Health Effects. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12176994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The current studies on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the impacts on public health focus mainly on evaluating CO2 emissions from two types of emission sources. The first is a fixed source type from industrial plants, which can be controlled or easily evaluated. The second is a mobile source type from the transport sector, especially from medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs), which produce high emissions. However, the common methods of evaluation of the average value of CO2 emissions per kilometer of a vehicle use a general Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) model that does not consider the topography or road conditions. This affects the accuracy of CO2 emission assessments and, in turn, affects the accuracy of any analysis needed to establish health policies and the management of public health within the affected area. In this paper, therefore, we present the development of emission coefficient calculations with varying topography conditions for MHDVs with consideration of the health effects on the populace. The study area was the Asian highway network in Thailand that passes through all regions and is geographically diverse. Data were collected from the Department of Highway’s records, global positioning system (GPS) and electronic control unit (ECU) with data consisting of road data, slope, distance, traffic level and vehicle weight, as well as fuel consumption along the transportation route. To analyze and map out the correlation of the CO2 emission coefficients for each road slope, we determined the coefficient of the CO2 emissions using multiple linear regression analysis and validated this using Huber–White robust standard errors for heteroscedasticity. This method was more cost-efficient and time-efficient compared to the conventional approaches. We also created CO2 emission maps with risk points for health effects, and we propose policy designs and plans to manage the traffic level in each of these areas prone to higher levels of such emissions.
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