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Sarmento H, Martinho DV, Gouveia ÉR, Afonso J, Chmura P, Field A, Savedra NO, Oliveira R, Praça G, Silva R, Barrera-Díaz J, Clemente FM. The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z. [PMID: 39259431 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specific training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the different profiles of each playing position. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands according to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions. RESULTS A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifications were reported across studies, 59% of studies classified players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards. The findings suggests that central and external midfielders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfielders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfielders perform more passes than external midfielders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfielders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions. CONCLUSION This scoping review demonstrates that there are differences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specific requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfill their tactical responsibilities during the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Diogo V Martinho
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Élvio R Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal, Portugal
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Field
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nestor Ordoñez Savedra
- Research Group in Sports Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sports Science Program, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Santarém Polytechnic University, School of Sport, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Santarém Polytechnic University, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Gibson Praça
- Sports Department/UFMG Soccer Science Center/CECA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rui Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joel Barrera-Díaz
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
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Saccà M, Bondi D, Balducci F, Petri C, Mazza G. Intra- and Inter-Seasonal Fitness and Training Load Variations of Elite U20 Soccer Players. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:940-947. [PMID: 35612959 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2074951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inherent physical and anthropometric traits of elite soccer players, influenced by nature and nurture, account for the emergence of performances across time. Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate inter- and intraseasonal differences and the influence of playing position on training and fitness metrics in talented young soccer players. Methods: A total of 74 male players from U20 teams of a single elite club were tested both at beginning, during, and at the end of three consecutive competitive seasons. Players under went anthropometric measurement and were tested for aerobic, jumping, and sprinting performances; the GPS-derived measures of metabolic power (MP) and equivalent distance index (ED) of every athlete were analyzed. Results: Difference between teams emerged in Mognoni's test, while it did not in countermovement jump and anthropometrics. ED was different across seasons. The model selection criteria revealed that the Bosco-Vittori test achieved the best fit. BMI and countermovement jump (CMJ) increased, and fat mass decreased, during season; different intraseasonal trends for CMJ. MP was slightly greater in midfielder. Conclusion: Network approaches in modeling performance metrics in sports team could unveil original interconnections between performance factors. In addition, the authors support multiparametric longitudinal assessments and a huge database of sports data for facilitating talent identification.
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Losada-Benitez JA, Nuñez-Sánchez FJ, Barbero-Álvarez JC. Quantifying technical load and physical activity in professional soccer players during pre-season matches with IMU technology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1274171. [PMID: 38098803 PMCID: PMC10720354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1274171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to record, analyze and quantify professional soccer players' technical (TL) and physical load (PL) in friendly matches to compare their records during the first and second halves and between players with different positions. Eighteen professional soccer players, 24.6 ± 2.7 years, 1.78 ± 0.3 height (m), 74.6 ± 4.5 body mass (kg), 9.8 ± 2.2 body fat (%), and 65.6 ± 2.7 maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max, ml·kg-1·min-1) were monitored during six preseason friendly matches to analyze the activity profile using technical and physical variables through inertial measurement unit (IMU). No significant differences were found between the periods for the TL and PL. Significant differences were found between specific positions: Full Back (FB: n = 4), Central Defender (CD: n = 3), Midfielder (MD: n = 4), Winger (WG: n = 4), and Forward (FW: n = 3), both the TL and PL. We conclude that the PL profile based on his playing position is independent of the development of the PL shown during friendly matches. The monitoring, quantifying, and controlling of the TL added to the PL provides a more holistic vision of soccer players in friendly matches. The relative ease IMU application technology offers an alternative with less time-cost and more significant benefits than other types of technologies applied up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Augusto Losada-Benitez
- Head of Performance, FC Persepolis, Tehran, Iran
- Physical Performance and Sports Research, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain
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Tojo Ó, Spyrou K, Teixeira J, Pereira P, Brito J. Effective playing time affects technical-tactical and physical parameters in football. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1229595. [PMID: 37614412 PMCID: PMC10442814 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1229595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective playing time has been debated as a topic of major concern in football. Thus, the current experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of effective playing time on technical-tactical and physical match parameters in football. One hundred and seventy-nine male highly trained football players (aged 27.9 ± 5.1 years) from twelve teams performed two different match-play conditions: 45 min of match-play without stopping the chronometer (T45), and 30 min of match-play by stopping the chronometer every time the ball was out-of-play (T30). T30 presented a significantly higher total time (49:30 vs. 45:00 min; p = <.001; ES = 0.76), effective playing time (28:70 vs. 26:80 min; p = <.001; ES = 0.62), and stopped time (20:60 vs. 18:20 min; p = 0.003; ES = 0.38) compared to T45. Total ball possession (54.4% vs. 45.6%; p = 0.002) and 1/3 ball possession (55.3% vs. 44.7%; p = 0.018) was higher in T30 condition when compared to T45. Regarding match external load, total distance covered (4,899 vs. 4,481 m; p = <.001; ES = 0.71), moderate-speed running (607 vs. 557 m; p = 0.002; ES = 0.26) and high-speed running (202 vs. 170 m; p = <.001; ES = 0.33), high-speed activities (284 vs. 245 m; p = 0.003; ES = 0.24), accelerations (27 vs. 24; p = <.001; ES = 0.32), and decelerations (31 vs. 28; p = 0.005; ES = 0.26) were higher in T30 compared to T45. In conclusion, these findings suggest that higher effective playing time may affect technical-tactical and physical parameters during football games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Tojo
- Portugal Football School, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - João Teixeira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol, Oeiras, Portugal
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Pettersen SD, Martinussen M, Handegård BH, Rasmussen LMP, Koposov R, Adolfsen F. Beyond physical ability—predicting women’s football performance from psychological factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1146372. [PMID: 37063572 PMCID: PMC10090955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionEven though there is a clear agreement among researchers that psychological factors are a vital part of a football player’s performance, the topic has not been investigated thoroughly. The present study aimed to examine the predictive value of psychological factors on female football players’ match performance.MethodsA sample of 156 players from the top two leagues in Norway completed the following questionnaires: Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire 2 (PMCSQ-2), Big Five Inventory (BFI-20), Self-Regulated Learning questionnaire, and Grit-S and Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). Match performance data were collected from the online database of the performance analysis company InStat.ResultsResults from a linear mixed model analysis showed that perceived mastery climate and extraversion were the only significant predictors of performance. Other relevant indicators, such as mental toughness, self-regulated learning, and grit, did not predict performance.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the team climate facilitated by coaches may be more important for predicting match performance than individual psychological factors.
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Magni M, Zago M, Vago P, Vandoni M, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N. Technical Differences over the Course of the Match: An Analysis of Three Elite Teams in the UEFA Champions League. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020046. [PMID: 36828331 PMCID: PMC9966731 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the evolution of technical performance indicators over the course of football matches in the UEFA Champions League. Three elite football teams were the sample of the present study and were analyzed throughout four consecutive seasons within the previously mentioned competition. Data from 15 min periods were collected from Wyscout and elaborated. The effects of match location and competition stage were analyzed on nine technical indicators, including ball possession and variables related to offense and goal scoring. The effects of independent variables were assessed both independently and combined. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of occurrence and accuracy of most of the parameters towards the end of the match. The effect of match location was generally significant with higher rates for teams playing at home. Differences were noted between the two stages of the competition with higher values in the technical indicators registered during the group stage. The existence of significant differences between the initial and final periods of football games was suggested by the results. The so-called home advantage was confirmed. Different team approaches between longer stages (e.g., group stage) and elimination games (i.e., knockout phase) were suggested by the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magni
- UCFB, Buckinghamshire New University, Manchester M11 3FF, UK
| | - Matteo Zago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- E4Sport Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Paola Vago
- Interfaculty of Education and Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
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Wedding CJ, Woods CT, Sinclair WH, Leicht AS. Operational Insights into Analysing Team and Player Performance in Elite Rugby League: A Narrative Review with Case Examples. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:140. [DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn professional team sports, like Rugby League, performance analysis has become an integral part of operational practices. This has helped practitioners gain deeper insight into phenomena like team and athlete behaviour and understanding how such behaviour may be influenced by various contextual factors. This information can then be used by coaches to design representative practice tasks, inform game principles and opposition strategies, and even support team recruitment practices. At the elite level, the constant evolution of sports technology (both hardware and software) has enabled greater access to information, making the role of the performance analyst even more valuable. However, this increase in information can create challenges regarding which variables to use to help guide decision-making, and how to present it in ways that can be utilised by coaches and other support staff. While there are published works exploring aspects of performance analysis in team sports like Rugby League, there is yet to be a perspective that explores the various operational uses of performance analysis in Rugby League, the addition of which could help guide the practices of emerging performance analysts in elite organisations like the Australian National Rugby League and the European Super League. Thus, this narrative review—with accompanying case examples—explores the various ways performance analysis can help address pertinent operational questions commonly encountered when working in high-performance sport.
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Modric T, Malone JJ, Versic S, Andrzejewski M, Chmura P, Konefał M, Drid P, Sekulic D. The influence of physical performance on technical and tactical outcomes in the UEFA Champions League. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:179. [PMID: 36217163 PMCID: PMC9552426 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify does physical performance affect success in highest-level soccer, the purpose of the present study was to identify differences in technical-tactical performance (TP) between teams covering high and low running performance (RP) during the UEFA Champions League (UCL) matches. METHODS The RP and TP data were collected from UCL group stage matches in the 2020/21 season. RP variables included total distance covered (TD), high intensity running (HIR), total distance when in ball possession (TDB), and high intensity running when in ball possession (HIRB). TP variables included goal chances, shots, shots on target, passes, accurate passes, key passes, key passes accurate, crosses, crosses accurate, counter attacks, counter attacks with a shot, high pressing, high pressing successful, low pressing, low pressing successful, tackles, tackles successful, entrances to the opponent's box, total actions, and successful actions. K-means cluster analysis method was used to classify teams covering (i) low and high TD, (ii) low and high HIR, (iii) low and high TDB, (iv) low and high and HIRB. Linear mixed models were used to identify differences in teams' TP according to their RP. Pearson's correlations were used to establish direct association between team TP and RP. RESULTS Similar TP were observed whether teams covering high or low TD/HIR. Teams covering greater TDB/HIRB had more goal chances, shots, shots on target, passes, accurate passes, key passes, accurate key passes, crosses, successful high pressing, entrances to the opponent's box, total actions, and successful actions were observed (all moderate to very large effect sizes. Significant association between specific TP variables and TDB/HIRB were evidenced (Pearson's r = 0.35-0.96, all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Covering greater TDB and HIRB may allow more frequent execution of fundamental TP which are considered essential for match success, indicating that RP when team has ball in possession is important determinant of success in highest-level soccer. This study shows that physical performance affect success in highest-level soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
| | - James J Malone
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marcin Andrzejewski
- Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Konefał
- Department of Human Motor Skills, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Jiménez SL, Bustamante-Sánchez Á, Kelly AL, Pareja-Galeano H, Lago-Penas C. Influence of the situational variables on the performance of the teams competing in the Chinese Super League. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2022.2078095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam L. Kelly
- School of Health Science, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Penas
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Teixeira JE, Alves AR, Ferraz R, Forte P, Leal M, Ribeiro J, Silva AJ, Barbosa TM, Monteiro AM. Effects of Chronological Age, Relative Age, and Maturation Status on Accumulated Training Load and Perceived Exertion in Young Sub-Elite Football Players. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832202. [PMID: 35432006 PMCID: PMC9010324 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were 1) to analyze the influence of chronological age, relative age, and biological maturation on accumulated training load and perceived exertion in young sub-elite football players and 2) to understand the interaction effects amongst age grouping, maturation status, and birth quartiles on accumulated training load and perceived exertion in this target population. A 6-week period (18 training sessions and 324 observation cases) concerning 60 young male sub-elite football players grouped into relative age (Q1 to Q4), age group (U15, U17, and U19), and maturation status (Pre-peak height velocity (PHV), Mid-PHV, and Post-PHV) was established. External training load data were collected using 18 Hz global positioning system technology (GPS), heart-rate measures by a 1 Hz short-range telemetry system, and perceived exertion with total quality recovery (TQR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). U17 players and U15 players were 2.35 (95% CI: 1.25–4.51) and 1.60 (95% CI: 0.19–4.33) times more likely to pertain to Q1 and Q3, respectively. A negative magnitude for odds ratio was found in all four quartile comparisons within maturation status (95% CI: 6.72–0.64), except for Mid-PHV on Q2 (95% CI: 0.19–4.33). Between- and within-subject analysis reported significant differences in all variables on age group comparison measures (F = 0.439 to 26.636, p = 0.000 to 0.019, η2 = 0.003–0.037), except for dynamic stress load (DSL). Between-subject analysis on maturity status comparison demonstrated significant differences for all training load measures (F = 6.593 to 14.424, p = 0.000 to 0.037, η2 = 0.020–0.092). Interaction effects were found for age group x maturity band x relative age (Λ Pillai’s = 0.391, Λ Wilk’s = 0.609, F = 11.385, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.391) and maturity band x relative age (Λ Pillai’s = 0.252, Λ Wilk’s = 0.769, F = 0.955, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.112). Current research has confirmed the effects of chronological age, relative age, and biological maturation on accumulated training load. Perceived exertion does not seem to show any differences concerning age group or maturity status. Evidence should be helpful for professionals to optimize the training process and young football players’ performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Teixeira
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- *Correspondence: José Eduardo Teixeira,
| | - Ana Ruivo Alves
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Douro Higher Institute of Educational Sciences, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leal
- Department of Sports, Douro Higher Institute of Educational Sciences, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Joana Ribeiro
- Department of Sports, Douro Higher Institute of Educational Sciences, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - António J. Silva
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Barbosa
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - António M. Monteiro
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Yi Q, Yang J, Wang X, Gai Y, Gómez-Ruano MÁ. Interactive Effects of Situational Variables Regarding Teams' Technical Performance in the UEFA Champions League. Front Psychol 2022; 13:781376. [PMID: 35369143 PMCID: PMC8968126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.781376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the interactive effects of situational variables (competition stage, match location, and match outcome) on teams' technical performance in the UEFA Champion League. Match data of 19 technical actions and events were collected and classified into three groups (variables related to goal scoring, offense, and defense) during eight seasons (2009/2010-2016/2017). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used to identify the differences in the technical performances among teams. Results showed that the significant differences in the technical performance between the group stage and the knockout stage were only found in dribble and yellow card. However, differences in the variables related to goal scoring and offense were more significant than in the variables related to defense under the comparisons across competition situations, and the differences in the variables related to defense were mainly detected in the yellow card. The number of variables that showed significant differences among match location and match outcome in the group stage were less than in the knockout stage. Therefore, the identified key performance indicators by considering the interactive effects of situational variables may provide detailed and practical insights for coaches to develop useful training interventions and match strategies for upcoming match playing in specific competition situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yi
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyong Yang
- International College of Football, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- School of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Gai
- Football Club Sochaux-Montbéliard, Montbéliard, France
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Ruano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Gökgöz F, Yalçın E. A slack-based DEA analysis for the world cup teams. TEAM PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/tpm-07-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to assess the efficiency levels of World Cup teams via the slack-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, which contributes to filling an important gap for performance measurement in football.
Design/methodology/approach
This study focuses on a comparative analysis of the past two World Cups. The authors initially estimate the efficiency of the World Cup teams via the slack-based DEA approach, which is a novel approach for sports performance measurement. The authors also present the conventional DEA results to compare results. The authors also include improvement ratios, which provide significant details for inefficient countries to enhance their efficiency. Besides, the authors include effectiveness ratings to present a complete performance overview of the World Cup teams.
Findings
According to the analysis results of the slack-based DEA approach, titleholder Germany and France are found as efficient teams in the 2014 and 2018 World Cup, respectively. Besides, Belgium and Russia recorded the highest efficiency improvement in the 2018 World Cup. The novel approach for sports performance measurement, the slack-based DEA approach, significantly overlaps with the actual performance of teams.
Originality/value
This study presents novelty in football performance by adopting the slack-based DEA with an undesirable output model for the performance measurement of the World Cup teams. This empirical analysis would be a pioneer study measuring the performance of football teams via the slack-based DEA approach.
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Towlson C, Abt G, Barrett S, Cumming S, Hunter F, Hamilton A, Lowthorpe A, Goncalves B, Corsie M, Swinton P. The effect of bio-banding on academy soccer player passing networks: Implications of relative pitch size. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260867. [PMID: 34914749 PMCID: PMC8675666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aims of this study were to examine the effects of bio-banding players on passing networks created during 4v4 small-sided games (SSGs), while also examining the interaction of pitch size using passing network analysis compared to a coach-based scoring system of player performance. Using a repeated measures design, 32 players from two English Championship soccer clubs contested mixed maturity and bio-banded SSGs. Each week, a different pitch size was used: Week 1) small (36.1 m2 per player); week 2) medium (72.0 m2 per player); week 3) large (108.8 m2 per player); and week 4) expansive (144.50 m2 per player). All players contested 12 maturity (mis)matched and 12 mixed maturity SSGs. Technical-tactical outcome measures were collected automatically using a foot-mounted device containing an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and the Game Technical Scoring Chart (GTSC) was used to subjectively quantify the technical performance of players. Passing data collected from the IMUs were used to construct passing networks. Mixed effect models were used with statistical inferences made using generalized likelihood ratio tests, accompanied by Cohen's local f2 to quantify the effect magnitude of each independent variable (game type, pitch size and maturation). Consistent trends were identified with mean values for all passing network and coach-based scoring metrics indicating better performance and more effective collective behaviours for early compared with late maturation players. Network metrics established differences (f2 = 0.00 to 0.05) primarily for early maturation players indicating that they became more integral to passing and team dynamics when playing in a mixed-maturation team. However, coach-based scoring was unable to identify differences across bio-banding game types (f2 = 0.00 to 0.02). Pitch size had the largest effect on metrics captured at the team level (f2 = 0.24 to 0.27) with smaller pitch areas leading to increased technical actions. The results of this study suggest that the use of passing networks may provide additional insight into the effects of interventions such as bio-banding and that the number of early-maturing players should be considered when using mixed-maturity playing formats to help to minimize late-maturing players over-relying on their early-maturing counterparts during match-play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Towlson
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Abt
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Hunter
- Middlesbrough Football Club, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Lowthorpe
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Goncalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Martin Corsie
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Lorenzo-Martínez M, Padrón-Cabo A, Rey E, Memmert D. Analysis of Physical and Technical Performance of Substitute Players in Professional Soccer. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:599-606. [PMID: 32603634 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1755414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current soccer scientific literature is scarce with regard to examining the technical performance of substitute players. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the physical and technical performance of substitute players versus those who completed the entire match or were replaced and also examine the performance of substitutes across different playing positions. Method: The sample was composed of 6,631 match observations from 431 professional soccer players competing in the German Bundesliga during the season 2018-2019. These observations were divided into three groups: entire match (n = 3,807), replaced (n = 1,412), and substitutes (n = 1,412). Linear mixed models were adjusted to compare the performance of the three groups independently of playing position and separately for each position (central defenders, fullbacks, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and attackers). Results: Substitute players showed higher total distance covered (effect sizes [ES]: 0.99-1.06), number of sprints (ES: 0.60-0.64), and number of fast runs (ES: 0.83-0.91) relative to playing time than replaced and entire match players. The differences in technical performance between groups varied according to playing position. Substitute central defenders showed less possession (ES: 0.39-0.41), touches (ES: 0.47-0.57), and passes (ES: 0.54-0.59) but higher defensive performance (ES: 0.51-0.54) than replaced and entire match players. Substitutes in midfield and attack positions displayed more possession (ES: 0.22-0.47), touches (ES: 0.27-0.37), and shots (ES: 0.22-0.28) than replaced and entire match players. Conclusion: This study has shown that substitutes are able to improve the performance of the players who completed the entire match or were replaced in both physical and some technical variables depending on playing position.
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Farhani Z, Hammami R, Gene-Morales J, Chortane SG, Bouassida A, Juesas A, Colado JC. Bout duration and number of players of soccer small-sided games affect perceived enjoyment, physiological responses, and technical-tactical performance. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:503-510. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.2009123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zouhaier Farhani
- Sport Sciences, Health and Movement(3SM) University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, Kef, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety (INTRAS), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabri Gaied Chortane
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) Sport Performance, Health & Society, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saîd, University of “La Manouba”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Sport Sciences, Health and Movement(3SM) University of Jendouba, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Effects of Match Location, Quality of Opposition and Match Outcome on Match Running Performance in a Portuguese Professional Football Team. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23080973. [PMID: 34441113 PMCID: PMC8391710 DOI: 10.3390/e23080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of match location, quality of opposition and match outcome on match running performance according to playing position in a Portuguese professional football team. Twenty-three male professional football players were monitored from eighteen Portuguese Football League matches during the 2019-2020 season. Global positioning system technology (GPS) was used to collect time-motion data. The match running performance was obtained from five playing positions: central defenders (CD), fullbacks (FB), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (FW). Match running performance was analyzed within specific position and contextual factors using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, standardized (Cohen) differences and smallest worthwhile change. CM and WM players covered significantly greater total distance (F = 15.45, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.334) and average speed (F = 12.79, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.294). WM and FB players covered higher distances at high-speed running (F = 16.93, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.355) and sprinting (F = 13.49; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.305). WM players covered the highest number of accelerations (F = 4.69, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.132) and decelerations (F = 12.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.284). The match running performance was influenced by match location (d = 0.06-2.04; CI: -0.42-2.31; SWC = 0.01-1.10), quality of opposition (d = 0.13-2.14; CI: -0.02-2.60; SWC = 0.01-1.55) and match outcome (d = 0.01-2.49; CI: -0.01-2.31; SWC = 0.01-0.35). Contextual factors influenced the match running performance with differential effects between playing positions. This study provides the first report about the contextual influence on match running performance in a Portuguese professional football team. Future research should also integrate tactical and technical key indicators when analyzing the match-related contextual influence on match running performance.
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Wunderlich F, Seck A, Memmert D. The influence of randomness on goals in football decreases over time. An empirical analysis of randomness involved in goal scoring in the English Premier League. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2322-2337. [PMID: 34024249 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1930685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Performance analysis in football predominantly focuses on systematic contributions to success, thus neglecting the role of randomness. The present paper pursues a direct approach to quantify and analyse randomness in football by identifying random influences in the goal scoring process. The dataset includes all matches from the seasons 12/13 to 18/19 of the English Premier League, adding up to a total of 7,263 goals, that were checked for the occurrence of six variables of random influence. Additionally, the influence of nine situational variables was investigated. Results show that randomness was present for almost 50% of all goals. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the proportion of random goals decreased over the seven seasons (p < .001), is more pronounced for weaker teams (p < .05) as well as if the current scoreline is a draw (p < .05) and depends on the match situation (open play, freekick, corner, penalty). An improved understanding of randomness in football has important implications for both researchers and practitioners. Performance analysts should acknowledge randomness as a crucial factor to distinguish clearly between performance and success. Coaches could even consider the conscious creation of uncontrollable situations as a possible tactic to provoke random influences on goal scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wunderlich
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Alessandro Seck
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
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Marris J, Barrett S, Abt G, Towlson C. Quantifying technical actions in professional soccer using foot-mounted inertial measurement units. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:203-214. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1910333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Marris
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
- Sports Science and Medicine Department, Hull City AFC, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Steve Barrett
- Department of Sports Science and Research Innovation, PlayerMaker™, London, UK
| | - Grant Abt
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Chris Towlson
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
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Strength and Speed Profiles Based on Age and Sex Differences in Young Basketball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020643. [PMID: 33451144 PMCID: PMC7828584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Team sports are in continuous evolution, and physical performance is acquiring greater importance in the game. The assessment of physical fitness is the most reliable method for knowing if the athlete’s physical fitness is appropriate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to identify profiles of physical-physiological demands with different specific tests of physical fitness related to the maximum strength of the lower body and speed. Moreover, some differences based on the sex and age of the players were identified. One hundred and forty-nine basketball players were analyzed (men n = 103 vs. women n = 46, weight: 74.74 ± 11.65 kg vs. 56.89 ± 3.71 kg, height: 184.66 ± 11.67 vs. 164 ± 4 and BMI: 21.7 ± 0.83 vs. 21.6 ± 0.90). The players performed an Abalakov test, a multi-jump test, and a repeat sprint ability test. Each player was equipped with a WIMU PRO device, and photoelectric cells were used. A MANOVA was performed to discover the differences between ages, and a t-test was used regarding sex. The results showed significant differences based on age and sex in variables related to time and Player Load/min (p < 0.001). The variables related to steps (contact, step, flight) also showed significant differences as a function of age (p < 0.001) and sex (p < 0.05). The multi-jump test showed differences based on age (p < 0.05 except in between jumps), but not on sex. These results confirm the importance of working together on lower body strength and speed skills. In addition, the planning of the work on these abilities must be individualized and according to the characteristics of the athlete.
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