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Aliwa M, Sawarka Y, Amit Aharon A. Factors affecting intent to perpetrate violence against nurses: Theory of Planned Behavior approach. Nurs Outlook 2024; 72:102136. [PMID: 38330828 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been found to predict target behaviors. The literature examining this model lacks attention to violence toward nurses. PURPOSE To explore the association between the public's exposure to violence and intention to employ violence toward nurses, under the TPB framework. METHODS A cross-sectional study (705 participants) employed a self-report questionnaire. Path analysis assessed TPB variables' mediation between prior exposure to violence and violent intent toward nurses. DISCUSSION The TPB variables, that is attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control, mediated only the association between exposure to physical violence and intention to act violently. Subjective norms were the strongest mediator. The explained variance was 31%. CONCLUSION When addressing violence against nurses, policymakers must consider attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control among patients and their attendants. Violence directed at nurses and health care workers reflects societal violence and the "upstream approaches" needed to mitigate violence in health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Aliwa
- Faculty of Medicine, Steyer School of Health Professions, Nursing Department, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yusra Sawarka
- Faculty of Medicine, Steyer School of Health Professions, Nursing Department, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Amit Aharon
- Faculty of Medicine, Steyer School of Health Professions, Nursing Department, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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McArthur J, Blais J, Ternes M. Digital Dating Abuse: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1308-1326. [PMID: 37864421 PMCID: PMC10858624 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231205595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Social media and other technologies are being increasingly adopted as mechanisms to perpetrate abuse against dating partners. Using Ajzen's theory of planned behavior as a framework, a sample of 352 emerging adults completed a questionnaire that assessed the core constructs of the theory of planned behavior (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control), as well as intentions to commit three types of digital dating abuse in the near future: digital monitoring and control, digital direct aggression, and digital sexual coercion. The models explained 44%, 34%, and 44% of the variance in intentions to commit digitally facilitated monitoring and control, direct aggression, and sexual coercion, respectively. Attitudes and subjective norms significantly predicted intentions, whereas perceived behavioral control did not. Given the increasing prevalence of digital dating abuse, prevention efforts should target attitudes toward digital dating abuse-related behaviors and perceptions of social acceptability and engagement.
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Lin CY, Hou WL, Tseng YH, Lin ML, Griffiths MD. Validity, reliability, and cross-validation of a new questionnaire developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior: The Dating Violence Bystander Help-giving Intention Questionnaire (DVBHIQ). Heliyon 2023; 9:e19706. [PMID: 37809557 PMCID: PMC10558956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a scale by using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) comprising two types of measurement (direct and belief-based [indirect]) to assess bystander help-giving intention to victims of dating violence among youth. A two-phase, mixed-method design was adopted. The primary source of the samples was five universities, each in the northern, central, southern, eastern, and outer islands regions of Taiwan. Phase I involved developing an instrument based on the TPB (n = 10) and pilot testing (n = 220). Phase II conducted the psychometric evaluation (n = 622). The study used item analysis, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and cross-validation to examine the psychometric properties of the Dating Violence Bystander Help-giving Intention Questionnaire (DVBHIQ) with two types of measure (direct and belief-based). Explanatory factor analysis resulted in a four-factor solution (attitude/behavioral beliefs, subjective norms/normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control/control belief, and intention) of the direct and belief-based measures of the DVBHIQ, accounting for 72.67% and 76.62% of total variance respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis and cross-validation confirmed the proposed four-factor model and demonstrated good internal consistency reliability. The two types of DVBHIQ had good validity, reliability, and measurement invariance which may help address the core cognitive determinants for bystander help-giving intention. Healthcare providers (e.g., school nurses) could use the DVBHIQ to evaluate how bystander education programs affect youth and conduct related research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Li Hou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Tseng
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 43304, Taiwan
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Reis E, Moleiro C, Arriaga P. Intentions to Call a Helpline Among Targets of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Gender Role Conflict. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2023; 38:485-512. [PMID: 37451821 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This research first aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a model to understand the intentions to call a helpline of victimized males and females. A sample of 99 participants (53 males; 46 females) who were suffering violence at the time of participation were considered for analysis. Our results indicate that males and females' attitudes and subjective norms significantly predicted intentions. Second, this study aimed to measure Gender Role Conflict (GRC) in victimized men and test its association with TPB constructs. GRC occurs when rigid, sexist, or restrictive gender roles result in the restriction, devaluation, or violation of others or the self. Our results indicate that GRC was only negatively associated with perceived behavioral control. Additionally, in our sample of men who filled the GRC measure (n = 245), victimized men reported significantly higher GRC than non-victimized men. Overall, our findings indicate gender specificities in the intentions to call a helpline and suggest that GRC plays an important role in seeking help for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Reis
- CIS-IUL/ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Moleiro
- CIS-IUL/ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Arriaga
- CIS-IUL/ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Toplu-Demirtaş E, Soysal DE, Aracı-İyiaydın A, Mesut C. Making the Myths of Dating Violence Visible: Developing a New Scale and Testing Its Psychometrics Through Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:8136-8161. [PMID: 36794858 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Myths refer to misperceptions, overgeneralizations, or ideas that most people believe in but do not necessarily reflect the truth. To date, research on the myths surrounding dating violence (DV) has not received much attention, most probably due to the lack of a validated measure. Thus, we developed a standardized measure to gauge DV myths and test its psychometrics. The instrument's design is based on three studies utilizing cross-sectional and longitudinal sets of data. In Study 1, in a sample of 259 emerging adults, predominantly college students, the explanatory factor analysis revealed a solid three-factor structure. In Study 2, in a separate sample of 330 emerging adults, primarily college students, we cross-validated the factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis. We also provided evidence for concurrent validity. In Study 3, we revealed that our newly developed scale had predictive validity among dating and non-dating emerging adults, mostly college students, via longitudinal data. Based on the findings from three studies, we can buoyantly announce that the Dating Violence Myths scale is a promising novel and standardized tool for measuring beliefs about DV. The cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence alludes to a need for DV myths to be debunked to reduce psychological DV attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors among emerging adults.
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Khodabandeh Shahraki S, Adelian H, Miri S, Farokhzadian J. Using mindfulness-based stress reduction group therapy to reduce perceived stress of vulnerable women in south of Iran. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:582-594. [PMID: 35313769 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2055771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Provision of educational and health services to vulnerable women in drop-in centers can reduce their traumas. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) group therapy is a psychological intervention to reduce perceived stress these women. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MBSR group therapy in the perceived stress of 63 vulnerable women who referred to two drop-in centers in southeastern Iran. The participants were assigned into the intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 33) groups. The intervention group members were required to attend the MBSR intervention held in eight 90-minute sessions. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was administered to collect data before and one month after the MBSR. Based on the findings, the pre-test scores of perceived stress were not significantly different between the intervention (38.16 ± 6.04) and control (39.06 ± 5.30) groups (t = -0.62, p = 0.53). However, the perceived stress scores reduced significantly in the intervention group (30.20 ± 2.89) than the control group scores (37.96 ± 4.18) in the posttest (t = -8.35, P = 0.001). Given the significant reduction of perceived stress in participants after attending the MBSR group therapy, expert counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists are recommended to conduct this therapy to reduce perceived stress in vulnerable women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamideh Adelian
- Student Research Committee, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sakineh Miri
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Er S, Murat M, Yılmaz S, Buzlu S. Associations between knowledge level and attitudes towards cyber-dating abuse and dating violence in nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2022; 119:105551. [PMID: 36174278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dating violence is an increasing issue among young people and affects them psychologically. It also includes characteristics like controlling and/or monitoring. Cyber-dating abuse is dating violence characterized as harassing another person in a romantic connection via texting or online emails to control, threaten, or stalk them. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes towards dating, dating violence, and cyber-dating violence. DESIGN This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 448 nursing students from three universities in Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Dating Violence Knowledge Form (DVKF), the Dating Violence Scale (DVS), and the Cyber-Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ). RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 20.9 ± 1.9 years. Most participants were women (83.7 %). More than a quarter of the participants were involved in romantic relationships (30.6 %). Participants had a mean DVKF score of 82.0 ± 9.1. One in ten participants was subjected to dating violence (11.2 %). Participants had a mean DVS score of 4.69 ± 0.25. There was no significant difference in CDAQ scores between participants who used violence (28.3 ± 11.5) and those subjected to violence (27.0 ± 8.9). There was a negative correlation between participants' DVKF and CDAQ scores (p < 0.05). The results showed that participants had a high DVKF score and disapproved of dating violence. Participants with a higher DVKF score were less likely to use or be exposed to cyber violence. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we should develop interventions to strengthen young people's mental health because they are subjected to dating violence. Nurse educators and nurses should also plan interventions to protect young people's mental health and raise their awareness of cyber violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Er
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Ataşehir/Istanbul 34758, Turkey.
| | - Merve Murat
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Yılmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Sisli-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Buzlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Sisli-Istanbul, Turkey
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Factors Related to Intentions to Commit Dating Violence among Taiwanese University Students: Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041956. [PMID: 33671426 PMCID: PMC7922498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dating violence (DV) constitutes a major public health and safety issue worldwide; however, only limited research into this important subject has been conducted in Taiwan. This study examined university students’ intention to commit DV, based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB), with a history of family violence and gender stereotyping also included as further factors in the original TPB model. A total random sample consisting of 450 university students from four universities in four regions in Taiwan, namely, the northern, southern, central, and eastern regions, participated. Of these participants, 365 (81.1%) completed all of the parts of the questionnaires, which included a survey of demographic data, such as any history of family violence; a gender stereotyping questionnaire; and a DV behavioral intention questionnaire. The results showed that the three main variables of the TPB—that is, subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control—significantly related to university students’ intentions to commit DV. More specifically, university students’ attitudes and subjective norms emerged as significant related factors of their intention to commit DV behaviors. Overall, the expanded TPB explained 30.4% of the variance in DV intentions, and attitude was the most significant factors after controlling the background variables. These findings can hopefully be used to help design and implement programs for the prevention of DV behaviors among university students.
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Lin CY, Wang JD, Liu LF. Can We Apply WHOQOL-AGE to Asian Population? Verifying Its Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties in a Convenience Sample From Taiwan. Front Public Health 2020; 8:575374. [PMID: 33330319 PMCID: PMC7732621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.575374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To translate and validate a recently developed quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-AGE) on geriatric population into Chinese. Method: Using cross-sectional observational design, the WHOQOL-AGE was conducted among older people through interview. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure and multigroup CFA used to examine the measurement invariance. Results: Through convenience sampling, 522 older adults (mean age = 73.42) participated in the study. Among them, 194 were males, 213 had an educational level at primary school or below, 398 were residing in the community, and 307 were aged 70 years or above. A bifactor structure (items Q1–Q8 are embedded in the factor 1; items Q9–Q13 embedded in the factor 2; and all the items embedded in an additional construct of QoL) was confirmed by the CFA in both the entire sample (χ2 = 25.4; df = 51; p = 0.999) and the subgroup sample with age 70 years or above (χ2 = 25.28; df = 51; p = 1.000). Multigroup CFAs results supported the measurement invariance for the WHOQOL-AGE across genders, having different educational levels, living in different settings and age groups. It also shows good known-groups validity. Conclusions: The promising psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-AGE were found in our convenience sample of older Taiwanese. The supported measurement invariance indicates that the older people in different conditions of gender, educational level, and living setting interpret the WHOQOL-AGE similarly. However, our results should be interpreted with cautious because of the sample representativeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Liu
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Li Q, Liu H, Chou KR, Lin CC, Van IK, Davidson PM, Campbell JC. Nursing research on intimate partner violence in China: A scoping review. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC 2020; 2:100017. [PMID: 34327373 PMCID: PMC8315422 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue, and nurses have the potential to screen, navigate to interventions, and provide support, but responses to IPV differ greatly in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nursing literature on IPV in the above four regions in China. We conducted a comprehensive search of 11 Chinese and English databases from database inception to January 31, 2020, for eligible papers including empirical studies, reviews, reports, and expert opinion articles. We hand searched references lists and other studies published by the first and corresponding authors of included articles. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data, and three reviewers cross-checked the extracted results. We also conducted quality appraisal for applicable empirical studies. A total of 58 Chinese-language and 63 English-language articles were included, 58 from Taiwan, 44 from Hong Kong, 13 from mainland China, and six from institutions outside China, but none from Macao. The quantitative and qualitative studies described the prevalence and complex nature of IPV, comparable to non-nursing and international studies. Nurse-led advocacy and Qigong (traditional Chinese mind-body health practice) interventions showed promise for improving mental health in women in Hong Kong. There was a low level of knowledge and preparedness to respond to IPV among Chinese nurses, especially in mainland China. Mixed methods studies in Hong Kong and Taiwan as complex designs were generally well-conducted. Nursing case reports from Taiwan uniquely supplemented the evidence base. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, varying designs were used to study various facets of IPV, targeting victims, nurses and other key stakeholders. In mainland China and Macao, IPV research was limited in quantity, quality, and diversity. As more research in the area of IPV is needed, factors influencing nursing research on IPV also merit investigation, while taking into consideration socio-economic-political-cultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlei Li
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaping Liu
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, No. 33, Ba-Da-Chu Road, Beijing, China
| | - Kuei-Ru Chou
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iat-Kio Van
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Est. Repouso No. 35, R/C, Macao SAR, China
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn C Campbell
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lin CY, Imani V, Majd NR, Ghasemi Z, Griffiths MD, Hamilton K, Hagger MS, Pakpour AH. Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Br J Health Psychol 2020; 25:981-1005. [PMID: 32780891 PMCID: PMC7436576 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Rates of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections have rapidly increased worldwide and reached pandemic proportions. A suite of preventive behaviours have been recommended to minimize risk of COVID‐19 infection in the general population. The present study utilized an integrated social cognition model to explain COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in a sample from the Iranian general population. Design The study adopted a three‐wave prospective correlational design. Methods Members of the general public (N = 1,718, Mage = 33.34, SD = 15.77, male = 796, female = 922) agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed self‐report measures of demographic characteristics, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and action self‐efficacy at an initial data collection occasion. One week later, participants completed self‐report measures of maintenance self‐efficacy, action planning and coping planning, and, a further week later, measures of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Hypothesized relationships among social cognition constructs and COVID‐19 preventive behaviours according to the proposed integrated model were estimated using structural equation modelling. Results The proposed model fitted the data well according to multiple goodness‐of‐fit criteria. All proposed relationships among model constructs were statistically significant. The social cognition constructs with the largest effects on COVID‐19 preventive behaviours were coping planning (β = .575, p < .001) and action planning (β = .267, p < .001). Conclusions Current findings may inform the development of behavioural interventions in health care contexts by identifying intervention targets. In particular, findings suggest targeting change in coping planning and action planning may be most effective in promoting participation in COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject?Curbing COVID‐19 infections globally is vital to reduce severe cases and deaths in at‐risk groups. Preventive behaviours like handwashing and social distancing can stem contagion of the coronavirus. Identifying modifiable correlates of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours is needed to inform intervention.
What does this study add?An integrated model identified predictors of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in Iranian residents. Prominent predictors were intentions, planning, self‐efficacy, and perceived behavioural control. Findings provide insight into potentially modifiable constructs that interventions can target. Research should examine if targeting these factors lead to changes in COVID‐19 behaviours over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nilofar Rajabi Majd
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin S Hagger
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.,Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, California, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
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Tapera R, Mbongwe B, Mhaka-Mutepfa M, Lord A, Phaladze NA, Zetola NM. The theory of planned behavior as a behavior change model for tobacco control strategies among adolescents in Botswana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233462. [PMID: 32502211 PMCID: PMC7274417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral intentions (motivational factors), attitudes, subjective norm (social pressures), and perceived behavioral control promote or discourage smoking behavior among adolescents. Objective To assess students’ behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on smoking using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The prevalence of smoking among the adolescents is also calculated. Methods In this cross-sectional study, structured self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from adolescents in primary and secondary schools. Data on demographics, behavioral intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards smoking were collected. Pearson product moment correlations and logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current smoking. Results A total sample of 2554 (mean age = 15; Range = 12–18 years) students participated in the study. Twenty-nine percent (n = 728) of the students had tried smoking at least once. Smoking was predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention.There was a strong association between having a parent or guardian, caregiver or close friend who smoked (p < 0.001) and being a smoker. The majority of students (57%) conveyed that adults talked to them about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and 50% had discussed smoking concerns with their friends. Students who had positive attitudes towards smoking like “smoking makes you confident” were more likely to be current smokers (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.03–2.59). The feeling or conviction that they could refuse a cigarette if offered was an impediment from smoking (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.13–0.26). Conclusions Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control contributed significantly to the students' smoking. Right attitudes must be cultivated and behavioral control must be strengthened for early effective interventions to curtail smoking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Tapera
- Deaprtment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- * E-mail:
| | - Bontle Mbongwe
- Deaprtment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Magen Mhaka-Mutepfa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - Nicola M. Zetola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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