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Meng X, Mao H, Wan M, Lu L, Chen Z, Zhang L. Mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblast: Physiology, pathogenesis and targeting strategies. Life Sci 2024; 352:122797. [PMID: 38917871 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Caries and pulpitis remain a major global disease burden and affect the quality of life of patients. Odontoblasts are key players in the progression of caries and pulpitis, not only secreting and mineralizing to form dentin, but also acting as a wall of defense to initiate immune defenses. Mitochondrion is an information processor for numerous cellular activities, and dysregulation of mitochondrion homeostasis not only affects cellular metabolism but also triggers a wide range of diseases. Elucidating mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts can help deepen scholars' understanding of odontoblast-associated diseases. Articles on mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts were evaluated for information pertinent to include in this narrative review. This narrative review focused on understanding the complex interplay between mitochondrial homeostasis in odontoblasts under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, mitochondria-centered therapeutic strategies (including mitochondrial base editing, targeting platforms, and mitochondrial transplantation) were emphasized by resolving key genes that regulate mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are involved in odontoblast differentiation and function, and act as mitochondrial danger-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) to mediate odontoblast pathological progression. Novel mitochondria-centered therapeutic strategies are particularly attractive as emerging therapeutic approaches for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. It is expected to probe key events of odontoblast differentiation and advance the clinical resolution of dentin formation and mineralization disorders and odontoblast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hanqing Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Minting Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Linxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Li A, Li Z, Chiu W, Xiong C, Chen Q, Chen J, Lai X, Li W, Ke Q, Liu J, Zhang X. Efficient Treatment of Pulpitis via Transplantation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes Partially through LTBP1-Mediated T Cell Suppression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3199. [PMID: 38137420 PMCID: PMC10740489 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp pericytes are reported to have the capacity to generate odontoblasts and express multiple cytokines and chemokines that regulate the local immune microenvironment, thus participating in the repair of dental pulp injury in vivo. However, it has not yet been reported whether the transplantation of exogenous pericytes can effectively treat pulpitis, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, using a lineage-tracing mouse model, we showed that most dental pulp pericytes are derived from cranial neural crest. Then, we demonstrated that the ablation of pericytes could induce a pulpitis-like phenotype in uninfected dental pulp in mice, and we showed that the significant loss of pericytes occurs during pupal inflammation, implying that the transplantation of pericytes may help to restore dental pulp homeostasis during pulpitis. Subsequently, we successfully generated pericytes with immunomodulatory activity from human pluripotent stem cells through the intermediate stage of the cranial neural crest with a high level of efficiency. Most strikingly, for the first time we showed that, compared with the untreated pulpitis group, the transplantation of hPSC-derived pericytes could substantially inhibit vascular permeability (the extravascular deposition of fibrinogen, ** p < 0.01), alleviate pulpal inflammation (TCR+ cell infiltration, * p < 0.05), and promote the regeneration of dentin (** p < 0.01) in the mouse model of pulpitis. In addition, we discovered that the knockdown of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) remarkably suppressed the immunoregulation ability of pericytes in vitro and compromised their in vivo regenerative potential in pulpitis. These results indicate that the transplantation of pericytes could efficiently rescue the aberrant phenotype of pulpal inflammation, which may be partially due to LTBP1-mediated T cell suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Weicheng Chiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanfeng Xiong
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Junhua Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.X.); (Q.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (Q.K.)
| | - Jia Liu
- VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (A.L.); (W.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Karkehabadi H, Abbasi R, Najafi R, Khoshbin E. The effects of melatonin on the viability and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8959-8969. [PMID: 37715020 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An experimental study was conducted to examine whether melatonin influences osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells derived from the apical papilla (hSCAPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to isolate hSCAPs, the undeveloped root of a third molar of a human tooth was used. Melatonin was administered to the experimental groups in an osteogenic medium. No treatment was administered to the control group. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed on days 1, 2, and 3 to assess cell viability (n = 8). A determination of odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation was accomplished using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity alizarin red staining (ARS) (n = 6), and the expression of osteogenic genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (n = 3) on days 1, 2, and 7. Evaluation of the data was conducted using SPSS version 18. All experiments were conducted at least three times. The Mann Whitney U test, the ANOVA analysis, Tukey's test, and t-test was implemented to analyze the data (α = 0.05). RESULTS After 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, No significant difference was observed between the control group and the melatonin treatment group in terms of viability of hSCAPs. (from 1 up to 10 µg/ml) (P > 0.05). The assessment of ARS and ALP activity showed that melatonin treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs (P < 0.001). Melatonin treatment caused hSCAPs to show an increase of genes related to osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. These genes included ALP, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin treatment enhanced osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs with a dose dependent effect on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Karkehabadi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Abbasi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Department of Medical Molecular & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Khoshbin
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Hamadan Dental School, Shahid Fahmideh Street, PO Box 6517838677, Hamadan, Iran.
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Toledano-Osorio M, Aguilera FS, Muñoz-Soto E, Osorio E, Toledano M, Escames G, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio MT, López-López MT, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Osorio R. Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles induce high crystalline apatite formation in root dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1698-1713. [PMID: 34544591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) on nano-hardness, crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite after endodontic treatment. METHODS Undoped-NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) were tested at radicular dentin, after 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular cervical and apical dentin surfaces were studied by nano-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Mean and standard deviation were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS Cervical dentin treated with undoped NPs maintained its nano-hardness values after 6 m of storage being [24 h: 0.29 (0.01); 6 m: 0.30 (0.02) GPa], but it decreased at apical dentin [24 h: 0.36 (0.01); 6 m: 0.28 (0.02) GPa]. When ML-NPs were used, nano-hardness was similar over time [24h: 0.31 (0.02); 6 m: 0.28 (0.03) GPa], at apical dentin. Root dentin treated with ML-NPs produced, in general, high crystallinity of new minerals and thicker crystals than those produced in the rest of the groups. After 6 m, crystals became organized in randomly oriented polyhedral, square polygonal block-like apatite or drop-like apatite polycrystalline lattices when ML-NPs were used. Undoped NPs generated poor crystallinity, with preferred orientation of small crystallite and increased microstrain. SIGNIFICANCE New polycrystalline formations encountered in dentin treated with ML-NPs may produce structural dentin stability and high mechanical performance at the root. The decrease of mechanical properties over time in dentin treated without NPs indicates scarce remineralization potential, dentin demineralization and further potential degradation. The amorphous stage may provide high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Germaine Escames
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, CIBERFES, Ibs. San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio L Medina-Castillo
- University of Granada, NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Modesto T López-López
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Department, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Vallecillo-Rivas
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Andrei M, Vacaru RP, Coricovac A, Ilinca R, Didilescu AC, Demetrescu I. The Effect of Calcium-Silicate Cements on Reparative Dentinogenesis Following Direct Pulp Capping on Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092725. [PMID: 34066444 PMCID: PMC8125639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp vitality is a desideratum for preserving the health and functionality of the tooth. In certain clinical situations that lead to pulp exposure, bioactive agents are used in direct pulp-capping procedures to stimulate the dentin-pulp complex and activate reparative dentinogenesis. Hydraulic calcium-silicate cements, derived from Portland cement, can induce the formation of a new dentin bridge at the interface between the biomaterial and the dental pulp. Odontoblasts are molecularly activated, and, if necessary, undifferentiated stem cells in the dental pulp can differentiate into odontoblasts. An extensive review of literature was conducted on MedLine/PubMed database to evaluate the histological outcomes of direct pulp capping with hydraulic calcium-silicate cements performed on animal models. Overall, irrespective of their physico-chemical properties and the molecular mechanisms involved in pulp healing, the effects of cements on tertiary dentin formation and pulp vitality preservation were positive. Histological examinations showed different degrees of dental pulp inflammatory response and complete/incomplete dentin bridge formation during the pulp healing process at different follow-up periods. Calcium silicate materials have the ability to induce reparative dentinogenesis when applied over exposed pulps, with different behaviors, as related to the animal model used, pulpal inflammatory responses, and quality of dentin bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Andrei
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Raluca Paula Vacaru
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Anca Coricovac
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Radu Ilinca
- Division of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Division of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.); (R.P.V.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722536798
| | - Ioana Demetrescu
- Department of General Chemistry, University Politehnica Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Biocompatibility of a HA/β-TCP/C Scaffold as a Pulp-Capping Agent for Vital Pulp Treatment: An In Vivo Study in Rat Molars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083936. [PMID: 33918101 PMCID: PMC8068992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramic materials possess desirable biological properties, highlighting their non-reactivity and osteoconductivity. Their use has been extended in vital pulp treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen (C) scaffold with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the vital pulp of rat molars. Thirty-two molars of Sprague–Dawley rats underwent direct pulp capping with β-TCP/HA/C (n = 16) and MTA (n = 16). After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated in the tested samples: the degree of pulp inflammation and pulp vitality, the presence of reparative dentin, the homogeneity of the odontoblastic layer, and the presence of pulp fibrosis. No statistically significant differences were observed between HA/β-TCP/C and MTA in terms of the degree of inflammation (p = 0.124). Significant differences were found in reparative dentin formation between the treatment groups (p = 0.0005). Dentin bridge formation was observed in the MTA-treated group. The local action of HA/β-TCP/C is similar to that of MTA when used as an agent for pulp vital treatment in terms of absence of inflammation and maintenance of pulp vitality, although there are significant differences between both materials regarding the formation of dentin bridges.
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Effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium: Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:105037. [PMID: 33440268 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Database research has revealed that melatonin has beneficial effects in pulpal and periodontal regeneration. Several studies reported protective effects of melatonin against inflammation in several organs including the heart, brain, and teeth. In addition to inflammation reduction, melatonin has been involved in tissue regeneration and wound healing. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the effects of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium. This review gives a thorough summary of the possible role of melatonin in wound healing of dental pulp and periodontium in connection with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Any contradictory evidence is also assessed. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for all research articles published before April 2020 with the search terms "melatonin" and "dental pulp". Articles with the search terms "melatonin", "periodontal disease" and "bone" published before October 2019 were also included. Non-English articles were excluded. RESULTS Melatonin has been shown to reduce inflammation, inhibit cell proliferation and regulate differentiation of pulp cells. Melatonin increased odontoblast activities, resulting in the differentiation in the dental pulp. However, melatonin did not initiate differentiation in undifferentiated pulp cells but seemed to have beneficial effects in periodontitis by promoting periodontium's wound healing. CONCLUSION Those findings suggest that melatonin could have beneficial effects on pulpal and periodontal cells under inflammatory conditions. However, discrepancies remain between in vitro and in vivo findings regarding the effect of melatonin on dental pulp and periodontium.
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García-Bernal D, López-García S, Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, García-Navarro EM, Moraleda JM, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Melatonin Treatment Alters Biological and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Augmented Transforming Growth Factor Beta Secretion. J Endod 2020; 47:424-435. [PMID: 33359532 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is an endogenous neurohormone with well-reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but the direct biological and immunomodulatory effects of melatonin on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of melatonin on the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs. METHODS To address the melatonin biological effects on hDPSCs, the cytocompatibility, proliferation, cell migration, odontogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, and immunomodulatory properties of hDPSCs after melatonin treatment were evaluated. The statistical differences were evaluated using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey multiple comparison test. RESULTS We found that melatonin did not alter hDPSC immunophenotype or cell viability, even at the highest concentrations used. However, using intermediate melatonin concentrations (10-300 μmol/L), a significantly higher proliferation rate (P < .05 and P < .01) and migration of hDPSCs (P < .01) were observed. Importantly, melatonin treatment (100 μmol/L) significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (P < .05 and P < .01) and provoked a more robust antiproliferative effect on mitogen-stimulated T cells (P < .05). Finally, and unlike previous results found with mesenchymal stem cells from other sources, melatonin fails to induce or accelerate the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings provide key data on the bioactivity of melatonin and its effects on hPDSC biological and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Esther M García-Navarro
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Experimental Study on the Influence of Apigenin K and Melatonin in Socket Preservation as Bone Stimulators: An Experimental Study in Beagle Dogs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate whether apigenin K and melatonin M5250 were able to stimulate bone formation after tooth extraction at one, two, and three months follow-up. Six male beagle dogs were used. Apigenin K and melatonin M5250 immersed in hemostatic collagen sponges were placed in the third and fourth premolar and the first molar extracted sockets; the second premolar was used as control. At one, two, and three months, bone core biopsies were performed, and picrosirius–hematoxylin was used for the staining process. In the first month, a higher amount of calcified bone tissue was observed in the melatonin (77.87% ± 1.2%) and apigenin K (69.81% ± 1.8%) groups than the control group (57.27% ± 0.54%), with apparent discrepancies in values between the three groups (p < 0.04). In the second month, there was a considerable improvement in the results in the areas with melatonin (79.81% ± 0.11%) than in those of apigenin K (71.65% ± 0.52%) and control (64.77% ± 0.44%) (p < 0.04). In the third month, the number of mature bone was similar to all the groups. The creation of new bone was significant in the melatonin group (82.78% ± 0.87%), followed by the apigenin K group (78.76% ± 0.43%) and the control group (57.27% ± 0.11%). From this experimental study in dogs, it can be concluded that melatonin and apigenin K can accelerate the process of mineralization of the bone matrix, and thus the creation of laminae in the early stages of healing (1 month). Less reabsorption of the post-extraction sockets can be expected with the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K. It seems that the stimulatory effects of bone healing induced by the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K are defect-size-dependent, being more evident in small defects compared to larger defects.
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