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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu C, Wang L. Recent advances in understanding the fitness and survival mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110691. [PMID: 38631283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the industry. To further better investigate the fitness of Vp at the phenotypical level, a great number of studies have been conducted in recent years using plate counting methods. In the meantime, with the increasing accessibility of the next generation sequencing and the advances in analytical chemistry techniques, omics-oriented biotechnologies have further advanced our knowledge in the survival and virulence mechanisms of Vp at various molecular levels. These observations provide insights to guide the development of novel prevention and control strategies and benefit the monitoring and mitigation of food safety risks associated with Vp contamination. To timely capture these recent advances, this review firstly summarizes the most recent phenotypical level studies and provide insights about the survival of Vp under important in vitro stresses and on aquatic products. After that, molecular survival mechanisms of Vp at transcriptomic and proteomic levels are summarized and discussed. Looking forward, other newer omics-biotechnology such as metabolomics and secretomics show great potential to be used for confirming the cellular responses of Vp. Powerful data mining tools from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, that can better utilize the omics data and solve complex problems in the processing, analysis, and interpretation of omics data, will further improve our mechanistic understanding of Vp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Chengchu Liu
- University of Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program, UMES Center for Food Science and Technology, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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2
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Yang L, Yu P, Wang J, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Chen L. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Multiple Strategies for Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Tolerate Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Three Antibiotics. Foods 2024; 13:1674. [PMID: 38890902 PMCID: PMC11171697 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause acute gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia in humans. The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture may lead to a high incidence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen. Nevertheless, the genome evolution of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic animals and the mechanism of its antibiotic tolerance remain to be further deciphered. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the antibiotic tolerance of V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 3) originated from shellfish and crustaceans using comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses. The genome sequences of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were determined (5.0-5.3 Mb), and they contained 4709-5610 predicted protein-encoding genes, of which 823-1099 genes were of unknown functions. Comparative genomic analyses revealed a number of mobile genetic elements (MGEs, n = 69), antibiotic resistance-related genes (n = 7-9), and heavy metal tolerance-related genes (n = 2-4). The V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to sub-lethal concentrations (sub-LCs) of ampicillin (AMP, 512 μg/mL), kanamycin (KAN, 64 μg/mL), and streptomycin (STR, 16 μg/mL) (p < 0.05). Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that there were significantly altered metabolic pathways elicited by the sub-LCs of the antibiotics (p < 0.05), suggesting the existence of multiple strategies for antibiotic tolerance in V. parahaemolyticus. The results of this study enriched the V. parahaemolyticus genome database and should be useful for controlling the MDR pathogen worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Taixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Y.); (P.Y.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Padovan AC, Turnbull AR, Nowland SJ, Osborne MWJ, Kaestli M, Seymour JR, Gibb KS. Growth of V. parahaemolyticus in Tropical Blacklip Rock Oysters. Pathogens 2023; 12:834. [PMID: 37375524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a significant food safety risk worldwide, and understanding its growth in commercially cultivated oysters, especially at temperatures likely to be encountered post-harvest, provides essential information to provide the safe supply of oysters. The Blacklip Rock Oyster (BRO) is an emerging commercial species in tropical northern Australia and as a warm water species, it is potentially exposed to Vibrio spp. In order to determine the growth characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in BRO post-harvest, four V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from oysters were injected into BROs and the level of V. parahaemolyticus was measured at different time points in oysters stored at four temperatures. Estimated growth rates were -0.001, 0.003, 0.032, and 0.047 log10 CFU/h at 4 °C, 13 °C, 18 °C, and 25 °C, respectively. The highest maximum population density of 5.31 log10 CFU/g was achieved at 18 °C after 116 h. There was no growth of V. parahaemolyticus at 4 °C, slow growth at 13 °C, but notably, growth occurred at 18 °C and 25 °C. Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth at 18 °C and 25 °C was not significantly different from each other but were significantly higher than at 13 °C (polynomial GLM model, interaction terms between time and temperature groups p < 0.05). Results support the safe storage of BROs at both 4 °C and 13 °C. This V. parahaemolyticus growth data will inform regulators and assist the Australian oyster industry to develop guidelines for BRO storage and transport to maximise product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Padovan
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Alison R Turnbull
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
| | - Samantha J Nowland
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
- Aquaculture Unit, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Matthew W J Osborne
- Aquaculture Unit, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Mirjam Kaestli
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Karen S Gibb
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
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Conrad JW, Harwood VJ. Sewage Promotes Vibrio vulnificus Growth and Alters Gene Transcription in Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0191321. [PMID: 35171011 PMCID: PMC8849060 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01913-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a naturally occurring, potentially lethal pathogen found in coastal waters, fish, and shellfish. Sewage spills in coastal waters occur when infrastructure fails due to severe storms or age, and may affect bacterial populations by altering nutrient levels. This study investigated effects of sewage on clonal and natural V. vulnificus populations in microcosms. Addition of 1% sewage to estuarine water caused the density of a pure culture of V. vulnificus CMCP6 and a natural V. vulnificus population to increase significantly, by two to three orders of magnitude, whether measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) or culture and in batch and continuous cultures. Changes in the transcription of six virulence- and survival-associated genes in response to sewage were assessed using continuous culture. Exposure to sewage affected transcription of genes that may be associated with virulence, i.e., it modulated the oxidative stress response by altering superoxide dismutase transcription, significantly increasing sodB transcription while repressing sodA. Sewage also repressed transcription of nptA, which encodes a sodium-phosphate cotransporter. Sewage had no effect on sodC transcription or the putative virulence-associated genes hupA or wza. The effects of environmentally relevant levels of sewage on V. vulnificus populations and gene transcription suggest that sewage spills that impact warm coastal waters could lead to an increased risk of V. vulnificus infections. IMPORTANCE Vibrio vulnificus infections have profound impacts such as limb amputation and death for individuals with predisposing conditions. The warming climate is contributing to rising V. vulnificus prevalence in waters that were previously too cold to support high levels of the pathogen. Climate change is also expected to increase precipitation in many regions, which puts more pressure on wastewater infrastructure and will result in more frequent sewage spills. The finding that 1% wastewater in estuarine water leads to 100 to over 1,000-fold greater V. vulnificus concentrations suggests that human exposure to oysters and estuarine water could have greater health impacts in the future. Further, wastewater had a significant effect on gene transcription and has the potential to affect virulence during the initial environment-to-host transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Conrad
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Valerie J. Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Sami Z, Kaouthar M, Nadia C, Hedi BM. Effect of sunlight and salinity on the survival of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water microcosms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10689. [PMID: 35112431 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sunlight and salinities (10, 20, 39, and 60 psu) on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying either (thermostable direct hemolysin) tdh, the (thermostable related hemolysin) trh, and both or none of them were studied in water microcosms stabilized at 20°C using plate count agar and acridine orange direct viable count. All V. parahaemolyticus strains exposed to sunlight rapidly lose their culturability and evolve into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). However, the tdh positive strains remain more culturable than the non-virulent or trh positive strain but statically insignificant. At tested salinities, the survival time was higher at 10, 20, and 60 psu compared with that observed in seawater (39 psu). In seawater under dark condition, Vibrio strains remain culturable for up to 200 days with a significant difference between strains (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the non-pathogenic strain survives longer than the virulent ones. At different salinities, a better adaptation is observed at 10 and 20 psu compared with 39 and 60 psu. Resuscitations essays performed on VBNC bacteria in a nutrient broth at 20°C and 37°C does not show any revivification. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Effect of sunlight and salinities on the survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment. Resuscitation essay performed on viable but no cultivable bacteria. Microscope motility examines show that all strains exposed to sunlight remain motile after the loss of cultivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaafrane Sami
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Maatouk Kaouthar
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Cherif Nadia
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Ben Mansour Hedi
- Unité de Recherche Analyses et Procédés Appliqués à l'Environnement-ISSAT, Mahdia, Tunisia
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Bacian C, Verdugo C, García K, Perez-Larruscain J, de Blas I, Cachicas V, Lopez-Joven C. Longitudinal Study of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( tdh+ and/or trh+) in Two Natural Extraction Areas of Mytilus chilensis in Southern Chile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621737. [PMID: 33815309 PMCID: PMC8012776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although different studies have focused on its pattern of variation over time, knowledge about the environmental factors driving the dynamics of this pathogen, within the Chilean territory, is still lacking. This study determined the prevalence of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (tdh and/or trh genes) in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected from two natural growing areas between 2017 and 2018, using selective agar and PCR analysis. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.6% (93/204) of pooled samples from the Valdivia River Estuary. The pathogenic strains carrying the tdh and/or trh gene were detected in 11.8% (24/204): tdh in 9.8% (20/204), trh in 0.5% (1/204), and 1.5% (3/204) presented both genes. In Reloncaví Fjord, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 14.4% (30/209) of the samples, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the trh gene was detected in 0.5% (1/209) of the samples, while the tdh gene was not detected in the samples from this area. The total count of mauve-purple colonies typical of V. parahaemolyticus on CHROMagar was positively associated by multivariate analysis with area, water temperature, and salinity. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus detection rates by PCR had a positive correlation with the area and water temperature. The chances of detecting total V. parahaemolyticus in the Valdivia River Estuary are significantly higher than in the Reloncaví Fjord, but inversely, during spring-summer months, the interaction factor between the area and temperature indicated that the chances of detecting V. parahaemolyticus are higher in the Reloncaví Fjord. Interestingly, this period coincides with the season when commercial and natural-growing shellfish are harvested. On the other hand, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was significantly correlated with an increase of water temperature. These environmental parameters could be used to trigger a warning on potential hazard, which would influence human health and economic losses in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bacian
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristobal Verdugo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josu Perez-Larruscain
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Viviana Cachicas
- Sección Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Lopez-Joven
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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