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Ferreira J, Afonso J, Longatto-Filho A, Roque S, Carneiro A, Vila I, Silva C, Cunha C, Mesquita A, Cotter J, Correia-Neves M, Mansilha A, Cunha P. Inflammation Is a Histological Characteristic of Skeletal Muscle in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 99:10-18. [PMID: 37931803 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of skeletal muscle is a prognostic factor in several diseases including in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Patients with CLTI also have a lower skeletal mass and area when compared to those with claudication. However, there are no currently available data regarding the histological characteristics of core muscles in patients with CLTI. This study aims to determine the differences in core skeletal muscles between patients with claudication and those with CLTI. The second aim is to evaluate the differences in myokines, which are molecules secreted by skeletal muscle, between patients with claudication and those with CLTI. METHODS An observational, prospective study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2022 involving consecutive patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The clinical characteristics were registered. In PAD patients with surgical indication for common femoral artery approach, samples of sartorius skeletal muscle (and not from the limb muscles directly involved in the ischemic process) were collected. The samples were submitted to histological characterization on hematoxylin-eosin and to immunohistochemical analysis to detect CD45+ leukocytes and CD163+ macrophages. The extent of the inflammatory cells (leukocytes and macrophages) was semiquantitatively assessed using a 0-to-4 grade scale as follows: absent (0†), mild (†), moderate (††), severe (†††), and very severe (††††). Serum levels of myokines: irisin, myostatin, IL-8, and lL-6 were determined with multiplex bead-based immunoassay. RESULTS 119 patients (mean age: 67.58 ± 9.60 years old, 79.80% males) 64 with claudication and 54 with CLTI were enrolled in the study. No differences were registered between patients with claudication and those with CLTI on age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and medication, except on smoking habits. There was a significantly higher prevalence of smokers and a higher smoking load in the claudication group. Samples of sartorius skeletal muscle from 40 patients (14 with claudication and 26 with CLTI) were submitted to histological analysis. No differences were found in skeletal muscle fibers preservation, trauma, or hemorrhage (on hematoxylin-eosin staining). However, in the immunohistochemistry study, we found more inflammatory cells CD45+ leukocytes in patients with CLTI when compared to those with claudication [CD45+ ≥ moderate (††): claudication (n = 14): 4; 28.57%; CLTI (n = 25): 16; 64.00%; P = 0.034]. Patients with CLTI also had higher tissue levels of CD163+ macrophages, but this difference was not significant [CD163+ ≥ moderate (††): claudication (n = 13): 7; 53.85%; CLTI (n = 27): 21; 77.78%; P = 0.122]. The serum levels of the myokines, irisin, and myostatin were below the lower limit of detection, in the majority of patients, so no valid results were obtained. However, patients with CLTI had a higher serum level of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS CLTI patients exhibit increased quantities of leukocytes in their sartorius muscle, as well as elevated serum levels of myokines IL-8 and IL-6. Inflamed skeletal muscle can contribute to the loss of muscle mass and account for the lower density of skeletal muscle observed in CLTI. Additionally, inflamed skeletal muscle may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation. Halting the inflammatory process could eventually improve the prognosis of CLTI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Vascular Surgery Department - Physiology and Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center Hospital de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro-Professor Doutor Nuno Grande-CACTMAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Julieta Afonso
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Carneiro
- Radiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Alto Minho, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Isabel Vila
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Mesquita
- Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cotter
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Armando Mansilha
- Vascular Surgery Department - Physiology and Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal; Academic Center Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Medicine Department, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Center for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira, Guimarães, Portugal
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Lagzdina R, Rumaka M, Gersone G, Tretjakovs P. Circulating Levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in Healthy Adults: Changes after an Acute Aerobic Exercise and Association with Body Composition and Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14725. [PMID: 37834172 PMCID: PMC10572957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most recent WHO recommendations about physical activity emphasise the importance of total exercise volume above the significance of the duration of each bout. This study examined whether acute aerobic exercise changes circulating levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 and if these changes are associated with body composition and energy metabolism. Healthy adult volunteers completed a 10 min walking-running exercise on a treadmill. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine their resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure (EE) during the exercise. Pre-exercise levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 were similar in both sexes. There were positive correlations of pre-exercise IL-8 with body mass, waist circumference, and lean body mass in men and pre-exercise MCP-1 with RMR in women. The exercise led to an increase in IL-8 of 68% and a decrease in MCP-1 of 74% of participants. An increase in post-exercise IL-8 in men was associated with greater walking EE and a greater increase in walking EE. The increase in post-exercise MCP-1 was associated with a lower RMR and running EE in women. There are both sex and individual variations in changes in chemokine secretion in response to the same exercise situation and their associations with values of metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maija Rumaka
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (R.L.)
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Goossens J, Jonckheere AC, Seys SF, Dilissen E, Decaesteker T, Goossens C, Peers K, Vanbelle V, Stappers J, Aertgeerts S, De Wilde B, Leus J, Verelst S, Raes M, Dupont L, Bullens DM. Activation of epithelial and inflammatory pathways in adolescent elite athletes exposed to intense exercise and air pollution. Thorax 2023; 78:775-783. [PMID: 36927754 PMCID: PMC10359548 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Participation in high-intensity exercise in early life might act as stressor to the airway barrier. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of intense exercise and associated exposure to air pollution on the airway barrier in adolescent elite athletes compared with healthy controls and to study exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in this population. METHODS Early-career elite athletes attending 'Flemish-Elite-Sports-Schools' (12-18 years) of 4 different sport disciplines (n=90) and control subjects (n=25) were recruited. Presence of EIB was tested by the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) test. Markers at mRNA and protein level; RNA-sequencing; carbon load in airway macrophages were studied on induced sputum samples. RESULTS 444 genes were differentially expressed in sputum from athletes compared with controls, which were related to inflammation and epithelial cell damage and sputum samples of athletes contained significantly more carbon loaded airway macrophages compared with controls (24%, 95% CI 20% to 36%, p<0.0004). Athletes had significantly higher substance P (13.3 pg/mL, 95% CI 2.0 to 19.2) and calprotectin (1237 ng/mL, 95% CI 531 to 2490) levels as well as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA levels compared with controls (p<0.05). The incidence of EIB in athletes was 9%. The maximal fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%) after EVH test in athletes was significantly associated with prior PM10 and PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Early-career elite athletes showed increased markers of air pollution exposure, epithelial damage and airway inflammation compared with controls. Acute exposure to increased air pollution PM10 levels was linked to increased airway hyper-reactivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03587675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven F Seys
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Decaesteker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camille Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Peers
- Sport Medical Advice Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sven Aertgeerts
- Academic Centre for General Practitioners, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jasmine Leus
- Pediatric Allergy, AZ Maria Middelares, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sophie Verelst
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Raes
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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Tryfonos A, Tzanis G, Karatzanos Ε, Koutsilieris M, Nanas S, Philippou A. Inflammation- and Tissue Remodeling-Related Gene Responses in Skeletal Muscle of Heart Failure Patients Following High-Intensity Interval Training. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:46. [PMID: 39077398 PMCID: PMC11273113 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2402046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral myopathy consists a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and has been associated with poor prognosis. Inflammation has been suggested to dominate this pathology, while exercise training is typically associated with the induction of anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, the current knowledge regarding the involvement of inflammation-related genes in the exercise training-induced muscle adaptations in HF patients is very limited. Given that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alone or combined with strength training (COM) has gained ground in HF cardiac rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the local muscle expression of inflammatory and tissue remodeling factors in HF patients, who underwent 3 months of these training schemes. In addition, we examined whether these exercise training-induced gene expression responses are associated with changes in exercise capacity in those patients. Methods Thirteen male patients with chronic HF (age: 51 ± 13 y; body mass index (BMI): 27 ± 4 kg/ m 2 ) were randomly assigned to a 3-month exercise program consisted of either HIIT (N = 6) or COM training (N = 7). Muscle tissue biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis pre- and post-training and transcriptional changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-1 alpha (TNF-1 α ), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF- β 1) were quantified by RT-PCR. Results An overall increase in the expression levels of selected inflammatory (IL-8, TNF-1 α ) and remodeling factors (uPAR) was found post-training (p < 0.05), while IL-6, uPA and TGF- β 1 gene expression remained unchanged (p > 0.05). The observed alterations did not differ between training groups. Additionally, IL-8 changes were found to be correlated with the improvement in exercise capacity post-training (p < 0.05). Conclusions This is the first study demonstrating an increase in intramuscular inflammatory and remodeling key factors induced by HIIT or COM training in HF patients. Combining these observations with our previous findings of improved muscle hypertrophy and capillarization post-training in these patients, the findings of the present study may suggest that inflammatory responses are part of an ongoing remodeling process in the exercising skeletal muscle. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02387411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tryfonos
- Department of Life Science, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzanis
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, Evaggelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Εleftherios Karatzanos
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, Evaggelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Serafim Nanas
- Clinical Ergospirometry, Exercise & Rehabilitation Laboratory, Evaggelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Momesso Santos CM, Amaral JB, Rossi M, Vieria RP, Abad CCC, Bachi ALL. Metabolic and immune/inflammatory alterations induced by a triathlon under extreme conditions. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:915343. [PMID: 36060625 PMCID: PMC9429993 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.915343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of triathlon racing under extreme conditions on metabolic and immune/inflammatory responses. Methods Thirteen amateur athletes participated in an extreme triathlon competition (swim – 3.8 km; cycling – 180 km; running – 4 2 km; with a 3,700 m accumulated altitude). Blood samples were collected on three different occasions: pre-competition (baseline), immediately post-competition (IM), and 12 h post-competition (12 h) to evaluate glycemic and lipid profiles, leukocytes count, and cytokines levels in plasma and in whole-blood cell culture supernatant stimulated or not with LPS. Results Decreased glucose and triglycerides levels, increased LDL, and a significant leukocytosis were observed at IM and 12 h compared to baseline. In addition, higher serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were found at IM than in baseline and post-12 h. Whereas increased IL-12p40 levels were observed for 12 h compared to baseline. At baseline, in LPS-stimulated cell culture, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 were higher, while IL-12p40 levels were lower than non-stimulated cell culture. At IM, IL-12p40 levels were unchanged, while higher levels of other cytokines were found in LPS-stimulated cell culture compared to non-stimulated cell culture. The 12 h results showed higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in LPS-stimulated cell culture than in non-stimulated cell culture. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between circulating glucose levels and IL-6 was found. Conclusion The triathlon competition's performance under extreme conditions has remarkable impacts on the lipid profile and systemic immune/inflammatory responses. For the first time, significant alterations in the cytokine responses of whole blood cell culture to LPS-stimulation in baseline, IM, and 12h were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Miguel Momesso Santos
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty ENAU, Ribeirão Pires, SP, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cesar Miguel Momesso Santos
| | - Jônatas Bussador Amaral
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieria
- Post-graduation Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goias (Unievangélica), Anápolis, GO, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad
- Reference Center of Sport Science - Social Service of Industry (SESI), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculty Lusófona, Cotia, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Song Y, Wang Y, Bo H, Zhang Y. Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132086. [PMID: 35805170 PMCID: PMC9266156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes degenerative changes such as epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Exercise can upregulate muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance antioxidant capacity and represents an effective treatment to prevent muscle aging. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression are involved in the regulation of exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in signaling molecules in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial health benefits, and strong evidence emphasizes that exercise-induced ROS can regulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported into mitochondria from the cytosol, so mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by nuclear epigenetic mechanisms. Exercise can reverse aging-induced changes in myokine expression by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of exercise-generated ROS in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in exercise-induced myokine expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
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Marcadet L, Bouredji Z, Argaw A, Frenette J. The Roles of RANK/RANKL/OPG in Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth Muscles in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903657. [PMID: 35693934 PMCID: PMC9181319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although their physiology and functions are very different, bones, skeletal and smooth muscles, as well as the heart have the same embryonic origin. Skeletal muscles and bones interact with each other to enable breathing, kinesis, and the maintenance of posture. Often, muscle and bone tissues degenerate synchronously under various conditions such as cancers, space travel, aging, prolonged bed rest, and neuromuscular diseases. In addition, bone tissue, skeletal and smooth muscles, and the heart share common signaling pathways. The RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, which is essential for bone homeostasis, is also implicated in various physiological processes such as sarcopenia, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have reported bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk through the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. This review will summarize the current evidence indicating that the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is involved in muscle function. First, we will briefly discuss the role this pathway plays in bone homeostasis. Then, we will present results from various sources indicating that it plays a physiopathological role in skeletal, smooth muscle, and cardiac functions. Understanding how the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway interferes in several physiological disorders may lead to new therapeutic approaches aimed at protecting bones and other tissues with a single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marcadet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Zineb Bouredji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anteneh Argaw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier de L’Université Laval (CHUQ-CHUL), Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jérôme Frenette,
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Uchida M, Suga T, Terada M, Isaka T. A pilot study: the relationship between salivary MCP-1 and IgA, and exercise performance in long-distance runners and sprinters. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:118. [PMID: 35346356 PMCID: PMC8962004 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It remains unclear that the relationship between sprint and/or endurance performance and salivary immunological factors and stress hormones in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate if salivary immunological factors and stress hormones are related to sprint and endurance performance in sprinters and long-distance runners. Fourteen male sprinters provided 100-m record and 22 male long-distance runners provided 5000-m record. Salivary IgA, MCP-1, interleukin-8, and cortisol levels in sprinters and long-distance runners were measured by ELISA assay. Results No significant differences were found in all salivary parameters between sprinters and long-distance runners. In long-distance runners, the salivary IgA and MCP-1 concentrations and secretory rate significantly correlated with their personal best 5000-m times (r = 0.534, P = 0.011; r = 0.567, P = 0.006; r = 0.452, P = 0.035, respectively). In sprinters, the salivary IgA concentration, MCP-1 concentration, and MCP-1 secretory rate did not correlate with personal best 100-m sprint times (r = − 0.260, P = 0.369; r = 0.128, P = 0.663; r = 0.122, P = 0.677, respectively). Therefore, the present study is the first to determine that immunological factors such as IgA and MCP1 may be related to endurance performance in long-distance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Uchida
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masafumi Terada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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9
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Alves MDDJ, Silva DDS, Pereira EVM, Pereira DD, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Santos DFC, Oliveira DPM, Vieira-Souza LM, Aidar FJ, de Souza RF. Changes in Cytokines Concentration Following Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838069. [PMID: 35250639 PMCID: PMC8893166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance running is an exhausting effort for the whole organism. Prolonged aerobic exercise induces changes in inflammatory markers. However, predicting muscle damage in response has limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers used to measure inflammatory status. The present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles focusing in ultra-marathon, marathon, and half-marathon and levels of cytokines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in the inclusion of 76 articles. IL-6 was highlighted, evaluated in 62 studies and show increase in the standard mean difference (SMD): half-marathon (SMD −1.36; IC 95%: −1.82, −0.89, Ch2:0.58; tau2:0.00; p < 0.0001), marathon (SMD −6.81; IC 95%: −9.26, −4.37; Ch2:481.37 tau2:11.88; p < 0.0001) and ultra-marathon (SMD −8.00 IC 95%: −10.47, −5.53; Ch2:328.40; tau2:14.19; p < 0.0001). In contrast meta-regression analysis did not show relationship to the running distance (p = 0.864). The meta-analysis evidenced increase in the concentration of IL-1ra (p < 0.0001), IL-1B (p < 0.0001), IL-8 (p < 0.0001), IL-10 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). Reduction in IL-2 (p < 0.0001) and INF-y (p < 0.03) and no change in the IL-4 (p < 0.56). The number of studies evaluating the effect of adipokines was limited, however Leptin and Resistin were recurrent. The effects of an acute bout of prolonged aerobic exercise will protect against chronic systemic inflammation. The time to return to baseline values showed a substantial and dose-dependent relationship with run volume. The concentration of IL-6 was robustly studied and the marathon running was the most explored. Network of endocrine interactions in which circulating factors, released in extreme exercises, interplay through inter-organ crosstalk and physiologic changes were expressed. The running volume variability was able to modulate compounds that play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Devisson dos Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Erika Vitoria Moura Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dutra Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program, Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Physical Education Course, State University of Minas Gerais-UEMG, Passos, Brazil
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Raphael Fabricio de Souza
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10
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Huang C, Xu J, Liu C, Yang C. Muscle-brain communication in pain: The key role of myokines. Brain Res Bull 2021; 179:25-35. [PMID: 34871710 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the most common reason for a physician visit, which accounts for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease and greatly affects patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets involved in pain. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well known phenomenon observed worldwide. However, the available evidence demonstrates that the mechanisms of EIH remain unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses has been the activation of several endogenous systems in the brain. Recently, the concept that the muscle acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the muscle are called myokines, playing a critical role in communicating with other organs, such as the brain. This review will focus on several myokines and discuss their roles in EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zifeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chaoli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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11
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Villar-Fincheira P, Paredes AJ, Hernández-Díaz T, Norambuena-Soto I, Cancino-Arenas N, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Contreras-Briceño F, Mandiola J, Bruneau N, García L, Ocaranza MP, Troncoso R, Gabrielli L, Chiong M. Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor Regulates Interleukin-6-Dependent Vascular Remodeling in Long-Distance Runners. Front Physiol 2021; 12:722528. [PMID: 34707507 PMCID: PMC8542859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.722528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of training load on exercise-induced plasma increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and their relationship with vascular remodeling. We sought to evaluate the role of sIL 6R as a regulator of IL-6-induced vascular remodeling. Forty-four male marathon runners were recruited and allocated into two groups: low-training (LT, <100 km/week) and high-training (HT, ≥100 km/week), 22 athletes per group. Twenty-one sedentary participants were used as reference. IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 levels were measured in plasma samples obtained before and immediately after finishing a marathon (42.2-km). Aortic diameter was measured by echocardiography. The inhibitory effect of sIL-6R on IL-6-induced VSMC migration was assessed using cultured A7r5 VSMCs. Basal plasma IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were similar among sedentary and athlete groups. Plasma IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were elevated after the marathon, and HT athletes had higher post-race plasma sIL-6R, but not IL-6, level than LT athletes. No changes in sgp130 plasma levels were found in LT and HT groups before and after running the marathon. Athletes had a more dilated ascending aorta and aortic root than sedentary participants with no differences between HT and LT athletes. However, a positive correlation between ascending aorta diameter and plasma IL-6 levels corrected by training load and years of training was observed. IL-6 could be responsible for aorta dilation because IL-6 stimulated VSMC migration in vitro, an effect that is inhibited by sIL-6R. However, IL-6 did not modify cell proliferation, collagen type I and contractile protein of VSMC. Our results suggest that exercise induces vascular remodeling. A possible association with IL-6 is proposed. Because sIL-6R inhibits IL-6-induced VSMC migration, a possible mechanism to regulate IL-6-dependent VSMC migration is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aaron J Paredes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Hernández-Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Mandiola
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Bruneau
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of New Drugs for Hypertension, Universidad de Chile & Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Nara H, Watanabe R. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 and Its Involvement in Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189889. [PMID: 34576053 PMCID: PMC8471880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 has been studied since its discovery for its role in health and diseases. It is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-6 was reported as an exacerbating factor in coronavirus disease. In recent years, it has become clear that the function of muscle-derived IL-6 is different from what has been reported so far. Exercise is accompanied by skeletal muscle contraction, during which, several bioactive substances, collectively named myokines, are secreted from the muscles. Many reports have shown that IL-6 is the most abundant myokine. Interestingly, it was indicated that IL-6 plays opposing roles as a myokine and as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this review, we discuss why IL-6 has different functions, the signaling mode of hyper-IL-6 via soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and the involvement of soluble glycoprotein 130 in the suppressive effect of hyper-IL-6. Furthermore, the involvement of a disintegrin and metalloprotease family molecules in the secretion of sIL-6R is described. One of the functions of muscle-derived IL-6 is lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the differences between the functions of IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and the functions of muscle-derived IL-6 are unclear. Although the involvement of myokines in lipid metabolism in adipocytes was previously discussed, little is known about the direct relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle-derived IL-6. This review is the first to discuss the relationship between the function of IL-6 in diseases and the function of muscle-derived IL-6, focusing on IL-6 signaling and lipid metabolism in the liver.
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13
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Decaesteker T, Vanhoffelen E, Trekels K, Jonckheere AC, Cremer J, Vanstapel A, Dilissen E, Bullens D, Dupont LJ, Vanoirbeek JA. Differential effects of intense exercise and pollution on the airways in a murine model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:12. [PMID: 33722268 PMCID: PMC7962283 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a transient airway narrowing, occurring during or shortly after intensive exercise. It is highly prevalent in non-asthmatic outdoor endurance athletes suggesting an important contribution of air pollution in the development of EIB. Therefore, more research is necessary to investigate the combination of exercise and pollutants on the airways. Methods Balbc/ByJ mice were intranasally challenged 5 days a week for 3 weeks with saline or 0.2 mg/ml diesel exhaust particles (DEP), prior to a daily incremental running session or non-exercise session. Once a week, the early ventilatory response was measured and lung function was determined at day 24. Airway inflammation and cytokine levels were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, innate lymphoid cells, dendritic cells and tight junction mRNA expression were determined in lung tissue. Results Submaximal exercise resulted in acute alterations of the breathing pattern and significantly improved FEV0.1 at day 24. DEP exposure induced neutrophilic airway inflammation, accompanied with increased percentages of CD11b+ DC in lung tissue and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-13, MCP-1, GM-CSF and KC. Occludin and claudin-1(Cldn-1) expression were respectively increased and decreased by DEP exposure. Whereas, exercise increased Cldn-3 and Cldn-18 expression. Combining exercise and DEP exposure resulted in significantly increased SP-D levels in the airways. Conclusion DEP exposure induced typical airway neutrophilia, DC recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Whereas, intensive exercise induced changes of the breathing pattern. The combination of both triggers resulted in a dysregulation of tight junction expression, suggesting that intensive exercise in polluted environments can induce important changes in the airway physiology and integrity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00401-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Decaesteker
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eliane Vanhoffelen
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Trekels
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arno Vanstapel
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven J Dupont
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 706, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Dos Santos JDMB, Soares CP, Monteiro FR, Mello R, do Amaral JB, Aguiar AS, Soledade MP, Sucupira C, De Paulis M, Andrade JB, Almeida FJ, Sáfadi MAP, Mau LB, Brasil JM, Ramalho T, Loures FV, Vieira RP, Durigon EL, de Oliveira DBL, Bachi ALL. In Nasal Mucosal Secretions, Distinct IFN and IgA Responses Are Found in Severe and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:595343. [PMID: 33717074 PMCID: PMC7946815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.595343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Likely as in other viral respiratory diseases, SARS-CoV-2 elicit a local immune response, which includes production and releasing of both cytokines and secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the levels of specific-SIgA for SARS-CoV-2 and cytokines in the airways mucosa 37 patients who were suspected of COVID-19. According to the RT-PCR results, the patients were separated into three groups: negative for COVID-19 and other viruses (NEGS, n = 5); negative for COVID-19 but positive for the presence of other viruses (OTHERS, n = 5); and the positive for COVID-19 (COVID-19, n = 27). Higher specific-SIgA for SARS-CoV-2, IFN-β, and IFN-γ were found in the COVID-19 group than in the other groups. Increased IL-12p70 levels were observed in OTHERS group as compared to COVID-19 group. When the COVID-19 group was sub stratified according to the illness severity, significant differences and correlations were found for the same parameters described above comparing severe COVID-19 to the mild COVID-19 group and other non-COVID-19 groups. For the first time, significant differences are shown in the airway's mucosa immune responses in different groups of patients with or without respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Method Faculty of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralyria Mello
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Bussador do Amaral
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Simões Aguiar
- Infection Control Service, São Luiz Gonzaga Hospital of Santa Casa de Misericordia os São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Infection Control Service and Epidemiological Hospital Nucleo, Municipal Children's Hospital Candido Fontoura, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira Soledade
- Infection Control Service and Epidemiological Hospital Nucleo, Municipal Children's Hospital Candido Fontoura, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Sucupira
- Infection Control Service and Epidemiological Hospital Nucleo, Municipal Children's Hospital Candido Fontoura, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena De Paulis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bannwart Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Becker Mau
- Infection Control Service and Epidemiological Hospital Nucleo, Menino Jesus Municipal Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile Menezes Brasil
- Infection Control Service and Epidemiological Hospital Nucleo, Menino Jesus Municipal Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theresa Ramalho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Loures
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Post-graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
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