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González-Torres S, Anaya-Esparza LM, Trigueros del Valle GF, Rivera-León EA, Villagrán Z, Sánchez-Enríquez S. Skinfold Thickness as a Cardiometabolic Risk Predictor in Sedentary and Active Adult Populations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1326. [PMID: 37763094 PMCID: PMC10532477 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies report that increased body fat can lead to health risks for individuals. However, some methods used for analyzing adiposity did not identify its distribution in the human body because they are typically measured using bioimpedance scales. This study aims to associate the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors in sedentary and active adult populations through anthropometric methods based on skinfold thickness measurements. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 946 adults aged between 18 and 79 years with prior informed consent. Clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters, as well as some cardiometabolic risk factors, were evaluated. Almost half of the population (45.1%; n = 427) is sedentary. A significant association was found between the sum of the skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, and suprailiac) and the cardiometabolic risk factors evaluated, highlighting the cardiovascular risk associated with abdominal obesity, risk of insulin resistance, as well as the development of hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. The bicipital fold was thicker (19.67 mm) in the population with a sedentary lifestyle than in the physically active population (18.30 mm). Furthermore, the skinfolds that predict higher metabolic risks were suprailiac and subscapular in sedentary and active populations. Thus, these skinfold measurements could be considered in assessing the adult population for early cardiometabolic risk detection, even in healthy and physically active people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sughey González-Torres
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Division de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierias, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Fermín Trigueros del Valle
- Hospital Regional N°180, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Carretera San Sebastian-Santa Fe 1000, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45653, Mexico;
| | - Edgar Alfonso Rivera-León
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Division de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Mexico; (S.G.-T.); (E.A.R.-L.)
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Motevalli M, Tanous D, Wirnitzer G, Leitzmann C, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Wirnitzer K. Sex Differences in Racing History of Recreational 10 km to Ultra Runners (Part B)-Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013291. [PMID: 36293872 PMCID: PMC9602481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in anatomy and physiology are the primary underlying factor for distinctions in running performance. Overall participation in recreational running events has been dominated by males, although increasing female participation has been reported in recent years. The NURMI study participants filled in a survey following the cross-sectional study design with questions on sociodemographic data, running and racing motivations, training behaviors, and racing history and experience. Data analysis included 141 female and 104 male participants aged 39 (IQR 17) with a healthy median BMI (21.7 kg/m²; IQR 3.5). Statistical analyses revealed sex differences with the males performing faster at half-marathon (p < 0.001) and marathon (p < 0.001) events but no difference at ultra-marathons (p = 0.760). Mediation analyses revealed no significant sex differences in the performance of half-marathon and marathon when considering training behaviors (p > 0.05), racing history (p > 0.05), or racing experience (p > 0.05). Differences in recreational performance may be more closely related to social constraints and expectations of females rather than the physiological advantages of the male athlete. Health professionals who guide and support recreational runners as well as the runners themselves and their coaches may benefit from this study's results in order to improve the best time performance through a deeper understanding of the areas that mediate sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Motevalli
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education, Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derrick Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education, Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8000 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8000 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education, Tyrol, 6010 Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Thuany M, Gomes TN, Almeida MB. Relationship between Biological, Training, and Physical Fitness Variables in the Expression of Performance in Non-Professional Runners. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:114. [PMID: 34437375 PMCID: PMC8402483 DOI: 10.3390/sports9080114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports performance is a multifactorial trait that can be associated with individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, the sample comprised 35 male runners, enrolled in the "InTrack" project. Information regarding variables related to runners' training was obtained via an online questionnaire, while anthropometric and body composition variables, as well as physical fitness components (muscular power, isometric strength, local muscular endurance, agility, and aerobic capacity) were measured, and a global physical fitness score (based on physical fitness components measured) was computed. The Weltman test (3200 m) was used to estimate runners' pace and their stride frequency. Linear regression was used, taking the running pace as dependent variable. The final model, comprising biological, physical fitness, spatiotemporal, and training variables, explained 86% of the running performance variance. Muscular power (β = -1.02; 95% CI = (-1.69)-(-0.35)), abdominal muscle endurance (β = -4.81; 95% CI = (-7.52)-(-2.10)), isometric strength (β = -422.95; 95% CI = (-689.65)-(-156.25)), global physical fitness (β = 27.14; 95% CI = 9.52-45.03), and stride frequency (β = -2.99; 95% CI = (-4.29)-(-1.69)) were significantly associated with performance, meaning that better results in tests and increasing the stride frequency leads to better performance. Individual characteristics and physical fitness components were demonstrated to be significant predictors for running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcos B. Almeida
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil
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Thuany M, Gomes TN, Hill L, Rosemann T, Knechtle B, Almeida MB. Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3781. [PMID: 33916357 PMCID: PMC8038602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ecological model theory highlights that human development (or a given behavior) is the result of the interaction of variables derived from different levels, comprising those directly related to the subjects and those related to the environment. Given that, the purpose of this study is to establish whether runners' performance may vary among different Brazilian states, as the factors associated with this difference. The sample comprised 1151 Brazilian runners (61.8% men) that completed an online questionnaire, providing information about biological (sex, age, height, and weight), training (running pace, frequency and volume/week, and motivation), sociodemographic (place of residence and wage) aspects, and perceptions about the environmental influences on the practice. Information about state variables was obtained from official institutes, and comprised the human development index (HDI), athletics events, and violence index. Multilevel analysis was conducted in HLM software. State-level characteristics explained ≈3% of the total variance in running performance. Of the total variance explained for the individual level, 56.4% was associated with male sex (β = -54.98; p < 0.001), age (β = 1.09; p < 0.001), body mass index (β = 6.86; p < 0.001), economic status (β = 6.23; p = 0.003), the perception of the natural environment (β = 7.58; p = 0.02), training frequency (β = -16.64; p < 0.001), and weekly volume (β = -0.30; p < 0.001). At the state level, only athletics events presented a positive and significant influence on performance. There is a significant role of the environment on the explanation of running performance variability, and given the diversity across states, environmental variables should not be neglected, as they are relevant to the exploration of other variables possibly related to running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil; (M.T.); (T.N.G.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil; (M.T.); (T.N.G.); (M.B.A.)
| | - Lee Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcos B. Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil; (M.T.); (T.N.G.); (M.B.A.)
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Thuany M, Gomes TN, Almeida MBD. Is there any difference between “amateur” and “recreational” runners? A latent class analysis. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742020000400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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