Estimating Lifetime Dental Care Expenditure in South Korea: An Abridged Life Table Approach

Costs for Statutorily Insured Dental Services in Older Germans 2012-2017

OBJECTIVES

We assessed the costs of dental services in statutorily insured, very old (geriatric) Germans.

METHODS

A comprehensive sample of very old (≥75 years) people insured at a large Northeastern statutory insurer was followed over 6 years (2012-2017). We assessed dental services costs for: (1) examination, assessments and advice, (2) operative, (3) surgical, (4) prosthetic, (5) periodontal, (6) preventive and (7) outreach services. Association of utilization with: (1) sex, (2) age, (3) region, (4) social hardship status, (5) International Disease Classification (ICD-10) diagnoses and (6) Diagnoses Related Groups (DRGs) was explored.

RESULTS

404,610 individuals with a mean (standard deviation, SD) age 81.9 (5.4 years) were followed, 173,733 did not survive follow-up. Total mean costs were 129.61 (310.97) euro per capita; the highest costs were for prosthetic (54.40, SD 242.89 euro) and operative services (28.40, SD 68.38 euro), examination/advice (21.15, SD 28.77 euro), prevention (13.31, SD 49.79 euro), surgery (5.91, SD 23.91 euro), outreach (4.81, SD 28.56 euro) and periodontal services (1.64, SD 7.39 euro). The introduction of new fee items for outreach and preventive services between 2012 and 2017 was reflected in costs. Total costs decreased with increasing age, and this was also found for all service blocks except outreach and preventive services. Costs were higher in those with social hardship status, and in Berlin than Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Certain general health conditions were associated with increased or decreased costs.

CONCLUSIONS

Costs were associated with sex, social hardship status, place of living and general health conditions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Dental services costs for the elderly in Germany are unequally distributed and, up to a certain age or health status, generated by invasive interventions mainly. Policy makers should incentivize preventive services earlier on and aim to distribute expenses more equally.

The impact of long-term care service on total lifetime medical expenditure among older adults with dementia

Along with the rapid increase in older adult population in South Korea, the management of dementia is becoming important. Higher dementia prevalence inevitably leads to an excessive burden on medical expenditure throughout one's life, so the catastrophic health expenditure for dementia should be protected in the aspect of both nation and family. Therefore, this study attempted to estimate the lifetime medical expenditures (LE) of older adults with dementia, and confirmed if the long-term care insurance (LTCI) is effective in reducing their medical expenses. The study analyzed LE of adults, aged over 70 years, using a cohort database and simulated the total LE per capita. In order to compare the differences in LE due to dementia, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. As of 2015, the total LE per capita for older adults with dementia and without dementia was estimated to be 76,973 thousand won ($65,427) and 31,105 thousand won ($26,439). Older adults with dementia had 2.4 times more expenditure than those without dementia. In particular, the LE per capita for hospitalization of dementia patients was 63,945 thousand won ($54,353), which was about 5 times higher than LE per capita for outpatient treatment. In addition, as a result of confirming the political effectiveness of LTCI, the LE for older adults with dementia, who had not used the long-term care service (LTCS), was estimated to be about 85,769 thousand won ($72,904). Conversely, LTCS users were estimated to spend 70,487 thousand won ($59,914), which means that LTCS non-users spent about 22% more on total LE than LTCS users. Non-users spent about half of their LE after the age of 80. Based on these findings, this study confirmed that the LTCI system had the desired effect of reducing the total LE for older adults with dementia.