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Fan L, Aspy NN, Smrity DY, Dewan MF, Kibria MG, Haseeb M, Kamal M, Rahman MS. Moving towards food security in South Asian region: Assessing the role of agricultural trade openness, production and employment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33522. [PMID: 39040405 PMCID: PMC11260921 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite several accomplishments in addressing malnutrition, the issue of food scarcity remains a persistent concern all over the globe, particularly in the South Asian region. One recommended solution to address this situation involves advocating for further liberalization of global food trading and opening employment opportunities. In this context, using panel data spanning 2000-2019, this study makes a novel attempt to quantify the impact of agricultural trade openness and agricultural employment on food security in countries belonging to the South Asian region while controlling the tariff and agricultural production. Using "Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS)" and "Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS)" modeling, this article concludes that increased agricultural trade openness hinders food security in this region. Because, the member countries of South Asia are heavily reliant on food imports to meet their domestic needs, implying that the expenses of food imports exceed the potential benefits of increasing exports. Moreover, tariffs have a detrimental impact on food security in this region. However, production and employment in the agricultural industry augment earnings, strengthen the capacity to buy food, and ensure adequate nutrition intake over the long term. The study's findings suggest that these nations should prioritize food self-sufficiency to expand agricultural exports and lessen their reliance on imported food. More than that, economies should provide rewards to broaden their agricultural production locally, which aids in reducing hunger and uplifting food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou, China
| | - Nazhat Nury Aspy
- Department of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Dilruba Yesmin Smrity
- Department of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Farid Dewan
- Department of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Golam Kibria
- Department of Economics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Haseeb
- Department of Management Studies, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, 32256, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Saidur Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Khan ZA, Koondhar MA, Khan A, Zhang Z, Ali U, Nurgazina Z, Liu T. Exploring the impact of carbon emissions and co-macroeconomic determinants on China's sustainable apple export. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104603-104619. [PMID: 37707739 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
China is the foremost global consumer, producer, and exporter of fresh apples. In 2021, China produced roughly 44 million tons of apples and exported just over 1 million tons, a nearly 2% increase over the previous year. However, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on global trade and has led to a decrease in China's agricultural exports. The present study aims to contribute to the existing body of literature by analyzing plausible macroeconomic determinants that might impact China's apple exports. We used novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (DYARDL) simulations to model causal relationships among fundamental economic parameters. We made use of annual time series data from 1990 to 2020 from the World Bank and China's national statistical bureau. We found that increases in apple orchard area, apple production, and trade openness had a positive impact on apple exports over both the short and long term. Conversely, decreases in the prices of exported apples, agrochemicals, and carbon emissions in the agricultural sector had a positive impact on the long-term and short-term exportation of apples. Finally, we note that pictographic illustrations from the DYARDL simulations provide corroborative evidence for our findings. Based on the study results, this study proposes that the adoption of technological advancements in apple orchards could potentially enhance apple production while simultaneously upholding environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Ashiq Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mansoor Ahmed Koondhar
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aftab Khan
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Uzair Ali
- School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | | | - Tianjun Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ntiamoah EB, Chandio AA, Yeboah EN, Twumasi MA, Siaw A, Li D. How do carbon emissions, economic growth, population growth, trade openness and employment influence food security? Recent evidence from the East Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51844-51860. [PMID: 36820974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
East Africa has a substantially greater rate of food insecurity than other regions of the world. Scenarios of climate change and other macroeconomic variables are important contributors to food insecurity in East Africa. Using data spanning from 1990 to 2020, this study looked into the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, population growth, trade openness, and agricultural employment on food security in the East Africa. The fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) models were used in this study. The heterogeneous panel cointegration test's findings indicated that the study variables have an equilibrium long-term connections. The estimation findings from the FMOLS and DOLS models showed that an increase in CO2 emissions increases food security in the East Africa over the long term. According to other findings, long-term food security is positively impacted by economic expansion, population growth, trade openness, and employment in agriculture. However, trade openness has a detrimental long-lasting effect on food security. Future research directions, research limitations, and policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Ali Chandio
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Edmond Nyamah Yeboah
- Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Anthony Siaw
- College of Economics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Identifying the Spatial–Temporal Pattern of Cropland’s Non-Grain Production and Its Effects on Food Security in China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213494. [PMID: 36360108 PMCID: PMC9659088 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-grain production of cropland (NGPCL) is a common phenomenon in the process of rapid urbanization in order to meet the diversified food demand and prosperity of the rural economy. However, excessive NGPCL will threaten grain production. How to control the moderate development of NGPCL in order to achieve the balance between food security and rural development has become a salient issue. In this study, we constructed a framework to measure NGPCL, revealed the spatial–temporal pattern of NGPCL, and then analyzed its influencing factors from the perspective of the human–land relationship. The results indicate that, firstly, the overall degree of NGPCL in China experienced an increase from 0.44 to 0.51, while the gap among cities was consistently enlarging, with the range value increasing from 0.74 to 0.91. Secondly, the spatial pattern of NGPCL was high in the northwest and southeast, and low in the northeast and central regions. The southern economic developed area exhibited the highest increase, while the Inner Mongolia, northwest China, and traditional agricultural areas experienced a decreasing trend in NGPCL. Thirdly, the spatial agglomeration of NGPCL has been intensified, with the Gansu–Xinjiang Desert plateau, southeast coastal economic belt, and urban agglomeration areas exhibiting a “high–high” agglomeration, while the traditional agricultural areas exhibited “low–low” agglomeration. Fourthly, NGPCL is positively correlated with the urbanization rate, land fragmentation, landscape diversity, land price, and grain production policy, while it is negatively linked with the agricultural employment rate, agricultural machinery level, and cultivated land per capita. The findings of this research are not only deepen the understanding of NGPCL, but are also of great significance for policy makers in order to propose targeted control measures.
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Hlatshwayo SI, Ojo TO, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T, Slotow R, Ngidi MSC. The Determinants of Market Participation and Its Effect on Food Security of the Rural Smallholder Farmers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa. AGRICULTURE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1072. [PMID: 37701244 PMCID: PMC7615078 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12071072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the disproportionate burden of food insecurity in South Africa requires targeted efforts to help smallholder farmers to access markets. The purpose of this study was to assess determinants of market participation and its contribution to household food security. The secondary data used in this study were collected from 1520 respondents; however, 389 smallholder farmers participated in the market. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale revealed that out of the total sample size, 85% of the households were food insecure while 15% were food secure. Gender of household head, receiving social grants and higher wealth index positively impacted market participation. Having a family member with HIV had a negative impact on market participation among smallholder farmers. The results from the extended ordered probit regression model showed that household size, having a family member with HIV and agricultural assistance had a positive and significant contribution to the household food insecurity situation of the smallholder farmers. On the other hand, the educational level of household head, ownership of livestock, age of household head, gender of household head, and having access to social grants had a negative and significant effect on the food insecurity status. Access to education and the market can improve household food security. Linking smallholder farmers, particularly women and aged farmers, to markets should form an intrinsic part of the government's efforts to improve farming and food security and increase access to diversified food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simphiwe Innocentia Hlatshwayo
- African Centre for Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 22005, Nigeria
- Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Albert Thembinkosi Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southern Africa, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
| | - Rob Slotow
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
| | - Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas Ngidi
- African Centre for Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Resource Management, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa
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Serio F. Interdisciplinary Approach to Improve Agri-Food Safety and Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148801. [PMID: 35886653 PMCID: PMC9321524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The agri-food sector is very broad and includes a whole series of steps in the supply chain ranging from agricultural production to the processing and marketing of final products [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Chen W, Zhang H. Characterizing the Structural Evolution of Cereal Trade Networks in the Belt and Road Regions: A Network Analysis Approach. Foods 2022; 11:1468. [PMID: 35627038 PMCID: PMC9141658 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal trade is essential for economic and commercial cooperation among countries along the "Belt and Road" (BRI). It helps ensure food security and contributes to building a community of interests and destinies for the BRI countries. Based on the UN Comtrade database, this study, using a network analysis approach, investigates the structural characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of cereal trade networks among the "Belt and Road" countries. Results show that: (1) The cereal trade among the BRI countries has formed well-connected and complex trade networks, and the "Belt and Road" initiative has significantly promoted cereal trade networks among the BRI countries. (2) The backbone structures of cereal trade networks along the BRI are in geographical proximity. India, Russia, and Ukraine are the most important trading partners and absolute core nodes in the trade networks, influencing the entire cereal trade networks. (3) The BRI cereal trade networks exhibit significant core-periphery structures, with considerable power asymmetries between the countries reflecting food supply and demand differences. In general, the BRI cereal trade networks have developed from relatively diversified to polarized. Supply chains in the cereal trade network are dominated by a few large countries and are fragile, with weak resilience and low resistance to risk. Therefore, governments should continue to strengthen regional cooperation, optimize cereal trade network structure, enhance their reserve capacity, and build a stronger system to guarantee food security and prevent risk. All these measures will support the food security of the "Belt and Road" countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Horn B, Ferreira C, Kalantari Z. Links between food trade, climate change and food security in developed countries: A case study of Sweden. AMBIO 2022; 51:943-954. [PMID: 34561835 PMCID: PMC8847661 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food security is a global concern affecting even highly developed countries. Ongoing globalisation of food systems, characterised by trading interdependencies, means that agricultural production can be disrupted by climate change, affecting food availability. This study investigated Sweden's food security by identifying major food import categories and associated trade partners (using the World Integrated Trade System database) and vulnerability to frictions in trade deriving from climate change. Vulnerability was assessed through three indicators: exposure based on diversity of sources, dominance and direct trade from supplying countries; sensitivity, assessed using the Climate Risk Index, and adaptive capacity, assessed using the Fragile State Index. The results revealed that Sweden's grain imports may be most vulnerable, and animal products least vulnerable, to climate change. Management strategies based on this preliminary assessment can be developed by integrating climate vulnerability deriving from food trading into the 'Gravity' model, to improve prediction of trade flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaze Horn
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Ferreira
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Navarino Environmental Observatory, 24001 Messinia, Greece
| | - Zahra Kalantari
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Sustainability Assessment and Management, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Analysis of Trade Liberalization and Nutrition Intake for Improving Food Security across Districts in Indonesia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The debate on the effect of trade liberalization on food security poses solid arguments, both in favor as well as against the issue. This study aims to analyze the linkages between trade liberalization (measured using food import tariff exposure) and food security (measured using nutrition intake) in the case of Indonesia. The national food import tariff is decomposed into district-level import tariff exposure and is analyzed based on sectoral tariffs such as agriculture tariffs and food manufacture import tariffs. The analysis employs panel data of 496 Indonesian districts and postulates an association between trade and food security by using fixed-effect regression. By analyzing the effects of tariff exposure towards food consumption in all districts and grouping the districts into 5 (five) islands, we can contribute to the literature on trade liberalization and food security. First, it is found that import tariff exposure is negatively impacting nutrition intake and each sector has a different effect on each nutrition intake. Furthermore, the impact of manufacturing tariffs on calorie and protein intake is slightly higher than that of agriculture tariffs. Second, it is shown that both sectoral import tariffs’ effects vary across islands in Indonesia. Furthermore, the research is expected to contribute to and become a reference for the government in regulating tariffs and other trade liberalization schemes to support households to be food secure.
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Sun Z, Zhang D. Impact of Trade Openness on Food Security: Evidence from Panel Data for Central Asian Countries. Foods 2021; 10:3012. [PMID: 34945563 PMCID: PMC8701037 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of food insecurity has become increasingly critical across the world since 2015, which threatens the lives and livelihoods of people around the world and has historically been a challenge confined primarily to developing countries, to which the countries of Central Asia, as typical transition countries, cannot be immune either. Under this context, many countries including Central Asian countries have recognized the importance of trade openness to ensure adequate levels of food security and are increasingly reliant on international trade for food security. Using the 2001-2018 panel data of Central Asian countries, based on food security's four pillars (including availability, access, stability, and utilization), this study empirically estimates the impact of trade openness and other factors on food security and traces a U-shaped (or inverted U-shaped) relationship between trade openness and food security by adopting a panel data fixed effect model as the baseline model, and then conducts the robustness test by using the least-squares (LS) procedure for the pooled data and a dynamic panel data (DPD) analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, simultaneously. The results show that: (1) a U-shaped relationship between trade openness and the four pillars of food security was found, which means that beyond a certain threshold of trade openness, food security status tends to improve in Central Asian countries; (2) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, and agricultural productivity have contributed to the improvement of food security. Employment in agriculture, arable land, freshwater withdrawals in agriculture, population growth, natural disasters, and inflation rate have negative impacts on food security; and (3) this study confirms that trade policy reforms can finally be conducive to improving food security in Central Asian countries. However, considering the effects of other factors, potential negative effects of trade openness, and vulnerability of global food trade network, ensuring reasonable levels of food self-sufficiency is still very important for Central Asian countries to achieve food security. Our research findings can provide scientific support for sustainable food system strategies in Central Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
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Abdullah A, Qingshi W, Awan MA, Ashraf J. The Impact of Political Risk and Institutions on Food Security. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The most challenging problem in today’s world is food insecurity, an estimated approximately 832 million people around the world suffer from a lack of adequate and healthy food on a regular basis for their life. This problem is likely to intensify around the world due to high political risk and weak institutions. Hence, this study utilizes the country-level data, covering 124 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean between 1984-2018 to examine the impact of political risk and institutions on food security, proxied by Dietary energy supply (DES). We have finalized the System-GMM from Pooled-OLS, Fixed-effect, Difference-GMM, and System-GMM, to recover the potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity of the independent variables. Our outcomes provide supportive evidence that internal and external conflicts, socioeconomic conditions, corruption, military in politics, religious tensions, ethnicity tensions, and poor quality of bureaucracy worsen food security in developed and developing countries. While government stability, the role of law and order, democratic accountability, and investment profile affect the food supply positively and significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abdullah
- School of Statistics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, Liaoning 116025, China
| | - Wang Qingshi
- School of Statistics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, Liaoning 116025, China
| | | | - Junaid Ashraf
- Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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A SEM Approach to the Direct and Indirect Links between WaSH Services and Access to Food in Countries in Protracted Crises: The Case of Western Bahr-el-Ghazal State, South Sudan. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As highlighted by the 2030 Agenda, access to food is a crucially important aspect of sustainable development. In this context, the association between WaSH services and access to food still needs to be clearly understood. This study investigates the direct and indirect impact of the WaSH environment of households on access to food, and the role of mediation variables and insecurity due to war and conflicts in South Sudan. We considered a statistically representative sample of 1382 households and used two structural equation models based on primary data. A basic model estimates association between household WaSH environment and food security directly and indirectly through the household livelihood-based coping capacity and poverty perception. Its extended version includes the indirect effect of insecurity due to war and conflicts. Results are theoretically coherent and demonstrate the relevance of the household WaSH environment for food security. The indirect effect of the absence of insecurity due to conflicts and war on food security adds to the basic model a statistically significant total indirect effect. From a policy perspective, the study suggests reinforcement of the capacity of the public sector for delivering WaSH services and the need for multi-sectoral solutions linking humanitarian, development, and peace approaches.
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A Qualitative Research on the Food Security of School Children in the Rural Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food security is a complex phenomenon that determines multiple concerns and initiatives worldwide. The research presented in this paper aims to analyze the food security of children in rural areas, following a project funded by the European Union (EU). The main objective of the research is to investigate the opportunity to implement sustainable programs to ensure hot meals for children in schools located in rural areas of Romania. No similar academic studies were conducted in Romania focused on food security from an economic perspective. An exploratory qualitative research methodology was chosen based on in-depth nondirective interviews among experts. The research results highlight the necessity of optimizing the relationship between the needs of children in rural areas and the food resources available to them within families and schools. The results also suggest that serving hot meals in primary schools in needy areas is appropriate, as poor nutrition among children has negative effects on the educational process and on their long-term development. The conclusions of this paper lead to managerial implications for policymakers wishing to assess the impact of projects employed in schools financed by national and EU funds.
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