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Sato M, Betriana F, Tanioka R, Osaka K, Tanioka T, Schoenhofer S. Balance of Autonomic Nervous Activity, Exercise, and Sleep Status in Older Adults: A Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412896. [PMID: 34948506 PMCID: PMC8701130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While older people are frequently known to experience sleep disturbances, there are also many older people who have a good quality of sleep. However, little is known about the balance of autonomic nervous activity, exercise habits, and sleep status in healthy older adults. This study reviews the literature regarding balance of the autonomic nervous activity, exercise, and sleep in healthy older adults. Relevant articles were searched from electronic databases using the combination of the following keywords: "Autonomic nervous activity", "sleep status", "sleep", "healthy older adults", "aging", "heart rate variability (HRV)" and "exercise". Articles were included if they met inclusion criteria: (1) Published in English, (2) Article types: research and review articles, (3) Main outcome was related to the autonomic nervous activity, lifestyle, sleep, and/or healthy aging, and (4) Fully accessed. From 877 articles that were identified, 16 articles were included for review. Results showed that the autonomic nervous activity changes with increasing age, particularly a constant decline in cardiac vagal modulation due to the significant decrease in the nocturnal parasympathetic activity. In addition, the autonomic nervous activity was also related to sleep status and lifestyle, particularly the capability to exercise. In preparing older people toward a healthy aging, maintaining good sleep quality and exercise is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sato
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-880-2555
| | - Feni Betriana
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan; (F.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryuichi Tanioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan; (F.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Kyoko Osaka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Tanioka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan;
- Anne Boykin Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Savina Schoenhofer
- Anne Boykin Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
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Lee M, Noh Y, Youm C, Kim S, Park H, Noh B, Kim B, Choi H, Yoon H. Estimating Health-Related Quality of Life Based on Demographic Characteristics, Questionnaires, Gait Ability, and Physical Fitness in Korean Elderly Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211816. [PMID: 34831575 PMCID: PMC8624167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The elderly population in South Korea accounted for 15.5% of the total population in 2019. Thus, it is important to study the various elements governing the process of healthy aging. Therefore, this study investigated multiple prediction models to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly adults based on the demographics, questionnaires, gait ability, and physical fitness. We performed eight physical fitness tests on 775 participants wearing shoe-type inertial measurement units and completing walking tasks at slower, preferred, and faster speeds. The HRQoL for physical and mental components was evaluated using a 36-item, short-form health survey. The prediction models based on multiple linear regression with feature importance were analyzed considering the best physical and mental components. We used 11 variables and 5 variables to form the best subset of features underlying the physical and mental components, respectively. We laid particular emphasis on evaluating the functional endurance, muscle strength, stress level, and falling risk. Furthermore, stress, insomnia severity, number of diseases, lower body strength, and fear of falling were taken into consideration in addition to mental-health-related variables. Thus, the study findings provide reliable and objective results to improve the understanding of HRQoL in elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounggon Lee
- Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
| | - Yoonjae Noh
- Department of Management Information Systems, Dong-A University, Busan 49236, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
| | - Changhong Youm
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.P.); (B.K.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-51-200-7830 (C.Y.); +82-05-200-7484 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-200-7505 (C.Y.)
| | - Sangjin Kim
- Department of Management Information Systems, Dong-A University, Busan 49236, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-51-200-7830 (C.Y.); +82-05-200-7484 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-200-7505 (C.Y.)
| | - Hwayoung Park
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.P.); (B.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.P.); (B.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyejin Choi
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.P.); (B.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyemin Yoon
- Department of Management Information Systems, Dong-A University, Busan 49236, Korea; (Y.N.); (H.Y.)
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Lee M, Youm C, Noh B, Park H. Low composite functional movement screen score associated with decline of gait stability in young adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11356. [PMID: 33987024 PMCID: PMC8092110 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functional movement screen (FMS)TM is a screening tool used to evaluate fundamental motor function. A score of 14 for the composite total FMS score (TFMS) is generally used as the cut-off point (≤14/21). In addition, gait analysis is used to evaluate fundamental motor function in humans. Thus, evaluating the fundamental motor function using the FMSTM test and gait analysis at various speeds can provide further understanding of any decline in gait stability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gait ability and fundamental movement patterns in young adults according to the cut-off point. Methods A total of 439 participants (male: 203, female: 236) successfully completed the FMS test and a 1 min treadmill test; the participants were classified into two groups: low TFMS (≤14) and high TFMS (>14). Results The low TFMS group exhibited slower and shortened walking patterns and worsen gait variability than the high TFMS group. The coefficient of variance (CV) for the double support phase at a faster speed (male) and the stride length at a slower speed (female) were classifiers between the two groups. In addition, the low TFMS group demonstrated insufficient gait adaptation at the preferred and faster speeds based on the CV of the double support phase and gait asymmetry. Lower TFMS is associated with a decline in gait ability. Therefore, participants with a lower TFMS and poor gait ability may require intervention programs to prevent risk of future injury and to enhance motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounggon Lee
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Changhong Youm
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Health Care & Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Park
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Health Care & Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Kim B, Youm C, Park H, Lee M, Noh B. Characteristics of Gait Variability in the Elderly While Walking on a Treadmill with Gait Speed Variation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094704. [PMID: 33925047 PMCID: PMC8125411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Gait variability (GV), which is a variable for predicting mobility issues and risk of falling in elderly people, is defined as the fluctuation in spatiotemporal characteristics from one step to the next in walking. The goal of this study was to analyze the age- and sex-related spatiotemporal variability characteristics of elderly individuals using the measurements taken while walking on a treadmill for one minute based on gait speed variation. Gait testing was conducted on 225 healthy male and female individuals aged 60–79 years who were able to walk and move on their own and, specifically, walk on a treadmill for one minute. The test was performed at three speed conditions—the preferred speed of the participant, 20% higher than the preferred speed, and 20% lower than the preferred speed—and data were recorded using shoe-type data loggers. The different age groups and sex could be distinguished using the coefficient of variance (CV) of the double support phase and gait asymmetry (GA) at the preferred speed, and CVs of stride length and stance phase at faster speed. The results indicated that the values of GV obtained from the test were used to determine the variation in gait characteristics of elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (B.K.); (H.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Changhong Youm
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (B.K.); (H.P.); (M.L.)
- Department of Health Care and Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7830
| | - Hwayoung Park
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (B.K.); (H.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Myeounggon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (B.K.); (H.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Byungjoo Noh
- Department of Kinesiology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, González-Gálvez N, Gea-García GM, López-Vivancos A, Espeso-García A, Gomes de Souza Vale R. Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197064. [PMID: 32992531 PMCID: PMC7578986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to analyze the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on functional ability and fitness on overweight and obese older woman and to understand if sarcopenia mediates its effect. This randomized controlled trial involved 216 overweight and obese women. The experimental group (EG) carried out 12 weeks of a gerontogymnastics program. The assessment was of gait speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and muscle strength. EG showed significant improvements in almost every test. When the effect of training was adjusted by gait speed, the improvement of the 6 min walk test (MWT) for the trained group was no longer significant (p = 0.127). The improvement of the 6 MWT was significantly and positively associated with the 10 m test (β = −10.087). After including the 10-m test in the equations, the association between the 6MWT and carrying out the training program decreased but remained significant (β = −19.904). The mediation analysis showed a significant, direct and indirect effect with a significant Sobel test value (z = 6.606 ± 7.733; p = 0.000). These results indicate that a gerontogymnastics program improves functional capacity and fitness; and the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on CRF is mediated by sarcopenia in older women who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Abraham López-Vivancos
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Espeso-García
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity, Fitness and Motor Behaviour (GISAFFCOM), Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (P.J.M.-P.); (G.M.G.-G.); (A.L.-V.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Active Aging, Exercise and Health/HEALTHY-AGE Network, Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD), Ministry of Culture and Sport of Spain, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estacio de Sa University, 20261-063 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Albín-Rodríguez AP, Ricoy-Cano AJ, de-la-Fuente-Robles YM, Espinilla-Estévez M. Fuzzy Protoform for Hyperactive Behaviour Detection Based on Commercial Devices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186752. [PMID: 32947989 PMCID: PMC7558206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive behaviour refers to a person making more movement than expected for his or her age and development, acting impulsively, and being easily distracted. There is a need to encourage early and reliable detection through the proposal of new methodologies and systems in the context of hyperactive behaviour to prevent or lessen related problems and disorders. This paper presents a methodology to compute a fuzzy protoform (a linguistic description) as an estimator for hyperactive behaviour. The proposed methodology is developed in a system called Smart HyBeDe, which integrate non-invasive and commercial wearable devices, such as activity bracelets, in order to capture data streams from inertial measurement units and optical heart rate sensors. The generated data by the wearable device are synchronized with a mobile device to process the fuzzy protoform to inform family members and professionals. Three datasets generated by the wearable device in real contexts are presented. These datasets are used to evaluate the impact of wrist choice for the wearable device, multiple fuzzy temporal windows, different aggregation operators, and relevant linguistic terms to define the fuzzy protoform as an estimator for the hyperactive behaviour. The results, analysed by a hyperactive behaviour expert, show that the proposed protoform is a suitable hyperactive behaviour estimator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián-Jesús Ricoy-Cano
- Social Work Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.-J.R.-C.); (Y.-M.d.-l.-F.-R.)
| | | | - Macarena Espinilla-Estévez
- Computer Science Department, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-953-212897
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