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Schöbi N, Kourti M, Verhagen LM. Planetary Health: What You Need to Know as a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Doctor. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-01014. [PMID: 39264178 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schöbi
- From the Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Kourti
- Third Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Ippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lilly M Verhagen
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Amalia Children's Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tiwary P, Kukreti S, Shridhar V, Abhinav A, Rana S, Arunachalam K, Singh V. Assessment of Black Carbon, optical properties and aerosol radiative forcing at Pranmati basin Himalayan critical zone observatory. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173050. [PMID: 38734083 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to understand the optical properties of Black Carbon (BC) and radiative forcing over a data deficient Himalayan region focusing on critical zone observatory employing ground-based measurements by Aethalometer for BC and satellite retrieval techniques for optical properties during mid-May-June 2022 and January-May 2023. BC mass concentration ranged from 0.18 to 4.43 μgm-3, exhibit a mean of 1.47 ± 0.83 μgm-3 with higher summer concentration (1.51 ± 0.94 μgm-3) than winter (1.39 ± 0.61 μgm-3). The average Absorption Ångström Exponent observed to be significantly higher than unity (1.77 ± 0.31) over the studied high-altitude Himalayan region, suggesting the dominance of biomass-burning aerosol. Higher aethalometer derived compensation parameter (K) in winter suggesting locally originated BC while, lower K value in summer suggesting aged BC transported from Indo-Gangetic Plains. Optical properties calculated from "Optical Properties of Aerosol and Cloud" (OPAC) model are used in the "Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer" (SBDART) model to calculate the aerosol Direct Radiative Force (DRF). The entire studied period is characterized by the predominance of absorbing aerosols, particularly BC, increasing Aerosol Optical Depth, Asymmetric Parameters and decreasing Single Scattering Albedo, leading to a considerable increase in atmospheric radiative forcing (+0.9 Wm-2, top of atmosphere) and Heating Rate (0.36 KDay-1). The mean radiative forcing within atmosphere during summer was higher (+14.29 Wm-2) relative to the winter (+12.00 Wm-2), emphasizing the impact of absorbing aerosols on regional warming and potential glacier melting in the Himalayas at a faster rate. Urgent policy consideration for the reduction of absorbing aerosols is highlighted, recognizing the critical roles of Black Carbon in the changing behaviour of Critical Zone observatory. The study's data serve as a valuable resource to understanding and addressing uncertainties in climate models, aiding effective policy implementation for Black Carbon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanshu Tiwary
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Saurabh Kukreti
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vijay Shridhar
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India.
| | - Akash Abhinav
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Shakuntala Rana
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Kusum Arunachalam
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Vimal Singh
- Department of Geology, Delhi University (DU), New Delhi 110007, India
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Roche IV, Ubalde-Lopez M, Daher C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Gascon M. The Health-Related and Learning Performance Effects of Air Pollution and Other Urban-Related Environmental Factors on School-Age Children and Adolescents-A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:300-316. [PMID: 38369581 PMCID: PMC11082043 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This scoping review aims to assess the impact of air pollution, traffic noise, heat, and green and blue space exposures on the physical and cognitive development of school-age children and adolescents. While existing evidence indicates adverse effects of transport-related exposures on their health, a comprehensive scoping review is necessary to consolidate findings on various urban environmental exposures' effects on children's development. RECENT FINDINGS There is consistent evidence on how air pollution negatively affects children's cognitive and respiratory health and learning performance, increasing their susceptibility to diseases in their adult life. Scientific evidence on heat and traffic noise, while less researched, indicates that they negatively affect children's health. On the contrary, green space exposure seems to benefit or mitigate these adverse effects, suggesting a potential strategy to promote children's cognitive and physical development in urban settings. This review underscores the substantial impact of urban exposures on the physical and mental development of children and adolescents. It highlights adverse health effects that can extend into adulthood, affecting academic opportunities and well-being beyond health. While acknowledging the necessity for more research on the mechanisms of air pollution effects and associations with heat and noise exposure, the review advocates prioritizing policy changes and urban planning interventions. This includes minimizing air pollution and traffic noise while enhancing urban vegetation, particularly in school environments, to ensure the healthy development of children and promote lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valls Roche
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mònica Ubalde-Lopez
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn Daher
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Gascon
- ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, C/ Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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4
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He J, Gao J, Zhao Y, Chen S. Distributional Characteristics Analysis of Allergens in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in Southern Fujian Province, China. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:477-489. [PMID: 38798279 PMCID: PMC11128227 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s453914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. However, few studies focus on the distributional characteristics of allergens in AR patients in Southern Fujian Province, China. Methods A skin prick test (SPT) was performed and eight common allergens including Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt), weeds, animal dander, molds, cockroaches, and mangoes were chosen. Results The positive reactions rate to the allergens was 65.79% in 6689 patients in Southern Fujian Province. Positive reactions to Df and Dpt had a negative association with age, whereas positive reactions to cockroach and weed had a positive association with age. A linear trend analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between positive reactions to various allergens from 2016 to 2019. Positive reactions to Df and Dpt were both correlated with the season. Positive reactions to Df, Dpt, cockroach and weed were related to disease duration and positive reactions to cockroach were correlated with city residence. Multivariate analysis revealed that male positive reactions gradually decreased with age (≤ 60), in contrast to female (≤ 60) positive reactions. Statistical difference was observed between the genders with regard to AR incidence from 2016 to 2019. The positive rate of skin tests was highest in summer in men, whereas in women it was lowest in summer. The gender composition ratios of positive cases in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou cities differed significantly. The proportion of patients with positive reactions to the allergens in the three cities decreased with age. The highest proportions of patients with positive reactions all occurred during summer in the three cities. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in the age composition ratios across the seasons. Conclusion This study analyzed the distributional characteristics of AR allergens in Southern Fujian Province, China. These findings will inform specific immunotherapy for AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
- Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
- Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Army 73rd Group Military Hospital, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiamen, 361003, People’s Republic of China
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Hsiao CC, Cheng CG, Hong ZT, Chen YH, Cheng CA. The Influence of Fine Particulate Matter and Cold Weather on Emergency Room Interventions for Childhood Asthma. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:570. [PMID: 38792592 PMCID: PMC11122191 DOI: 10.3390/life14050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Children are the most vulnerable to pollution due to their decreased stature, heightened respiratory rate, and frequent outdoor engagement. PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, and cold weather are associated with pediatric asthma. In this study, we investigated the nexus between air pollution, climate factors, and pediatric asthma emergency room visits (ERVs). (2) Method: Pediatric asthma ERV data for healthcare quality from the Taiwanese National Insurance in the Taipei area were obtained from 2015 to 2019. Air pollution and climate factor data were also collected. Poisson regression was employed to determine the relationships with relative risks (RRs). (3) Results: The incidence of pediatric asthma ERVs decreased, with a crude RR of 0.983 (95% CI: 0.98-0.986, p < 0.001). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) had an adjusted RR of 1.102 (95% CI: 1.037-1.172, p = 0.002) and a 7.7 µg/m3 increase, and air temperature had an adjusted RR of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.745-0.887, p < 0.001) comparing between the highest and lowest quarter air temperature associated with pediatric asthma ERVs. (4) Conclusions: This inquiry underscores the positive associations of PM2.5 and cold weather with pediatric asthma ERVs. The findings could guide the government to establish policies to reduce air pollution and promote children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Gu Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Tai Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Makrufardi F, Triasih R, Nurnaningsih N, Chung KF, Lin SC, Chuang HC. Extreme temperatures increase the risk of pediatric pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1329918. [PMID: 38370139 PMCID: PMC10869493 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1329918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The impact of climate change on ambient temperatures threatens to worsen pediatric pneumonia-related outcomes considerably. This study examined the associations of temperature variation and extreme temperature with pediatric pneumonia-related events using a meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature, and the quality of evidence was assessed. Fixed and random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) of the associations with pneumonia-related events. Results We observed that a 1°C temperature variation increased the RR of pneumonia events by 1.06-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.10). A 1°C temperature variation increased the RR by 1.10-fold of the pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions (95% CI: 1.00-1.21) and 1.06-fold of the pediatric pneumonia emergency department visits (95% CI: 1.01-1.10). Extreme cold increased the RR by 1.25-fold of the pediatric pneumonia events (95% CI: 1.07-1.45). A 1°C temperature variation increased the RR of pneumonia events in children by 1.19-fold (95% CI: 1.08-1.32), girls by 1.03-fold (95% CI: 1.02-1.05), and in temperate climate zones by 1.07-fold (95% CI: 1.03-1.11). Moreover, an increase in extreme cold increased the RR of pneumonia events in children by 2.43-fold (95% CI: 1.72-3.43), girls by 1.96-fold (95% CI: 1.29-2.98) and in temperate climate zones by 2.76-fold (95% CI: 1.71-4.47). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that pediatric pneumonia events are more prevalent among children, particularly girls, and individuals residing in temperate climate zones. Climate change represents an emergent public health threat, affecting pediatric pneumonia treatment and prevention.. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO (CRD42022378610).
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdian Makrufardi
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada—Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rina Triasih
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada—Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada—Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Chitre SD, Crews CM, Tessema MT, Plėštytė-Būtienė I, Coffee M, Richardson ET. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on pediatric viral diseases. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:496-507. [PMID: 38057578 PMCID: PMC10872406 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of climate change on human health are unfolding in real time. Environmental fragmentation is amplifying spillover of viruses from wildlife to humans. Increasing temperatures are expanding mosquito and tick habitats, introducing vector-borne viruses into immunologically susceptible populations. More frequent flooding is spreading water-borne viral pathogens, while prolonged droughts reduce regional capacity to prevent and respond to disease outbreaks with adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene resources. Worsening air quality and altered transmission seasons due to an increasingly volatile climate may exacerbate the impacts of respiratory viruses. Furthermore, both extreme weather events and long-term climate variation are causing the destruction of health systems and large-scale migrations, reshaping health care delivery in the face of an evolving global burden of viral disease. Because of their immunological immaturity, differences in physiology (e.g., size), dependence on caregivers, and behavioral traits, children are particularly vulnerable to climate change. This investigation into the unique pediatric viral threats posed by an increasingly inhospitable world elucidates potential avenues of targeted programming and uncovers future research questions to effect equitable, actionable change. IMPACT: A review of the effects of climate change on viral threats to pediatric health, including zoonotic, vector-borne, water-borne, and respiratory viruses, as well as distal threats related to climate-induced migration and health systems. A unique focus on viruses offers a more in-depth look at the effect of climate change on vector competence, viral particle survival, co-morbidities, and host behavior. An examination of children as a particularly vulnerable population provokes programming tailored to their unique set of vulnerabilities and encourages reflection on equitable climate adaptation frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit D Chitre
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Crews
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mesfin Teklu Tessema
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Megan Coffee
- Heilbrunn Department of Population & Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- International Rescue Committee, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene T Richardson
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Tran HM, Tsai FJ, Lee YL, Chang JH, Chang LT, Chang TY, Chung KF, Kuo HP, Lee KY, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC. The impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in an era of climate change: A review of the current evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:166340. [PMID: 37591374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change and air pollution on respiratory diseases present significant global health challenges. This review aims to investigate the effects of the interactions between these challenges focusing on respiratory diseases. Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events amplifying air pollution levels and exacerbating respiratory diseases. Air pollution levels are projected to rise due to ongoing economic growth and population expansion in many areas worldwide, resulting in a greater burden of respiratory diseases. This is especially true among vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with pre-existing respiratory disorders. These challenges induce inflammation, create oxidative stress, and impair the immune system function of the lungs. Consequently, public health measures are required to mitigate the effects of climate change and air pollution on respiratory health. The review proposes that reducing greenhouse gas emissions contribute to slowing down climate change and lessening the severity of extreme weather events. Enhancing air quality through regulatory and technological innovations also helps reduce the morbidity of respiratory diseases. Moreover, policies and interventions aimed at improving healthcare access and social support can assist in decreasing the vulnerability of populations to the adverse health effects of air pollution and climate change. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for continuous research, establishment of policies, and public health efforts to tackle the complex and multi-dimensional challenges of climate change, air pollution, and respiratory health. Practical and comprehensive interventions can protect respiratory health and enhance public health outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Minh Tran
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Public Health, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Viet Nam
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Balakrishnan B, Callahan SJ, Cherian SV, Subramanian A, Sarkar S, Bhatt N, Scholand MB. Climate Change for the Pulmonologist: A Focused Review. Chest 2023; 164:963-974. [PMID: 37054776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change adversely impacts global health. Increasingly, temperature variability, inclement weather, declining air quality, and growing food and clean water supply insecurities threaten human health. Earth's temperature is projected to increase up to 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st century, exacerbating the threat. Public and health care professionals, including pulmonologists, perceive the detrimental effects of climate change and air pollution and support efforts to mitigate its effects. In fact, evidence is strong that premature cardiopulmonary death is associated with air pollution exposure via inhalation through the respiratory system, which functions as a portal of entry. However, little guidance is available for pulmonologists in recognizing the effects of climate change and air pollution on the diverse range of pulmonary disorders. To educate and mitigate risk for patients competently, pulmonologists must be armed with evidence-based findings of the impact of climate change and air pollution on specific pulmonary diseases. Our goal is to provide pulmonologists with the background and tools to improve patients' health and to prevent adverse outcomes despite climate change-imposed threats. In this review, we detail current evidence of climate change and air pollution impact on a diverse range of pulmonary disorders. Knowledge enables a proactive and individualized approach toward prevention strategies for patients, rather than merely treating ailments reactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bathmapriya Balakrishnan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL.
| | - Sean J Callahan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Sujith V Cherian
- Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health-McGovern Medical School, Houston; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Abirami Subramanian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Sauradeep Sarkar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Nitin Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
| | - Mary-Beth Scholand
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT; Occupational and Environmental Health Section, Diffuse Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Network, CHEST, Glenview, IL
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10
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McDermott-Levy R, Pennea E, Moore C. Protecting Children's Health: Asthma and Climate Change. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:188-194. [PMID: 36943899 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Children are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Their lungs are developing, making children with asthma especially susceptible to temperature extremes, variations in precipitation, poor air quality, and changes in pollen and flora. Structural and social determinants of health, such as racism and poverty, that disproportionately affect children of color are linked to higher rates of asthma and negative effects of climate change. These factors lead to increased absences from school and social activities, loss of work for caregivers, and increased health care costs, thus negatively affecting children, their families, and the greater community. Nurses must support caregivers and children to link climate change to asthma care, be involved in health education; climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies; and develop the evidence to address climate change and asthma strategies. We address the impacts of climate change on children with asthma and nursing adaptation responses.
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Yin Z, Ouyang Y, Dang B, Zhang L. Pollen grading prediction scale for patients with Artemisia pollen allergy in China: A 3-day moving predictive model. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12280. [PMID: 37488741 PMCID: PMC10332133 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemisia pollen is the most prevalent outdoor aeroallergen causing respiratory allergies in Beijing, China. Pollen allergen concentrations have a direct impact on the quality of life of those suffering from allergies. Artemisia pollen deposition grading predictions can provide early warning for the protection and treatment of patients as well as provide a scientific basis for allergen specific clinical immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE To develop a model of Artemisia pollen grading to predict development in patients with pollen allergy. METHODS Artemisia pollen data from four pollen monitoring stations in Beijing as well as the number of Artemisia pollen allergen serum specific immunoglobulin E positive cases in Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2014 to 2016 were used to develop a statistical model of pollen deposition and provide optimised threshold values. RESULTS A logarithmic correlation existed between the number of patients with Artemisia pollen allergy and Artemisia pollen deposition, and the average pollen deposition for three consecutive days was most correlated with the number of allergic patients. Based on the threshold of the number of patients and the characteristics of Artemisia pollen, a five-stage pollen deposition grading model was developed to predict the degree of pollen allergy. CONCLUSIONS Graded prediction of pollen deposition may help pollen allergic populations benefit from preventive interventions before onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyin Yin
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
- Beijing Meteorological Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Ouyang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Dang
- Beijing Municipal Climate Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Louis S, Carlson AK, Suresh A, Rim J, Mays M, Ontaneda D, Dhawan A. Impacts of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Neurologic Health, Disease, and Practice: A Scoping Review. Neurology 2023; 100:474-483. [PMID: 36384657 PMCID: PMC9990849 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the international community collectively seeks to reduce global temperature rise to less than 1.5°C before 2100, irreversible environmental changes have already occurred, and as the planet warms, these changes will continue to occur. As we witness the effects of a warming planet on human health, it is imperative that neurologists anticipate how the epidemiology and incidence of neurologic disease may change. In this review, we organized our analysis around 3 key themes related to climate change and neurologic health: extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations, emerging neuroinfectious diseases, and pollutant impacts. Across each of these themes, we appraised and reviewed recent literature relevant to neurologic disease and practice. METHODS Studies were identified using search terms relating to climate change, pollutants, and neurologic disease in PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and gray literature. Studies published between 1990 and 2022 were included if they pertained to human incidence or prevalence of disease, were in English, and were relevant to neurologic disease. RESULTS We identified a total of 364 articles, grouped into the 3 key themes of our study: extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations (38 studies), emerging neuroinfectious diseases (37 studies), and pollutant impacts (289 studies). The included studies highlighted the relationships between neurologic symptom exacerbation and temperature variability, tick-borne infections and warming climates, and airborne pollutants and cerebrovascular disease incidence and severity. DISCUSSION Temperature extremes and variability both associated with stroke incidence and severity, migraine headaches, hospitalization in patients with dementia, and multiple sclerosis exacerbations. Exposure to airborne pollutants, especially PM2.5 and nitrates, associated with stroke incidence and severity, headaches, dementia risk, Parkinson disease, and MS exacerbation. Climate change has demonstrably expanded favorable conditions for zoonotic diseases beyond traditional borders and poses the risk of disease in new, susceptible populations. Articles were biased toward resource-rich regions, suggesting a discordance between where research occurs and where changes are most acute. As such, 3 key priorities emerged for further study: neuroinfectious disease risk mitigation, understanding the pathophysiology of airborne pollutants on the nervous system, and methods to improve delivery of neurologic care in the face of climate-related disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Louis
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Alise K Carlson
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Abhilash Suresh
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Joshua Rim
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - MaryAnn Mays
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Andrew Dhawan
- From the Lerner College of Medicine (S.L.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; and Neurological Institute (A.K.C., A.S., J.R., M.M., D.O., A.D.), Cleveland Clinic, OH.
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13
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Burbank AJ. Risk Factors for Respiratory Viral Infections: A Spotlight on Climate Change and Air Pollution. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:183-194. [PMID: 36721739 PMCID: PMC9884560 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s364845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has both direct and indirect effects on human health, and some populations are more vulnerable to these effects than others. Viral respiratory infections are most common illnesses in humans, with estimated 17 billion incident infections globally in 2019. Anthropogenic drivers of climate change, chiefly the emission of greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants from burning of fossil fuels, and the consequential changes in temperature, precipitation, and frequency of extreme weather events have been linked with increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. Air pollutants like nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, diesel exhaust particles, and ozone have been shown to impact susceptibility and immune responses to viral infections through various mechanisms, including exaggerated or impaired innate and adaptive immune responses, disruption of the airway epithelial barrier, altered cell surface receptor expression, and impaired cytotoxic function. An estimated 90% of the world's population is exposed to air pollution, making this a topic with high relevance to human health. This review summarizes the available epidemiologic and experimental evidence for an association between climate change, air pollution, and viral respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Burbank
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Correspondence: Allison J Burbank, 5008B Mary Ellen Jones Building, 116 Manning Dr, CB#7231, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA, Tel +1 919 962 5136, Fax +1 919 962 4421, Email
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14
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Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit in der Klimakrise. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungKinder und Jugendliche sind aufgrund ihrer Physiologie und längerer Expositionszeiten besonders von den gesundheitlichen Folgen der Klimakrise betroffen. Darüber hinaus wird die Klimakrise ohne Gegenmaßnahmen vorbestehende gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten verschärfen, da Kinder und Jugendliche aus Familien mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status und schlechterem Gesundheitszustand besonders stark von den gesundheitlichen Folgen der Klimakrise betroffen sind.Die Klimakrise wirkt sich über zahlreiche Mechanismen auf die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen aus, wobei jedes Organsystem betroffen sein kann. Extremwetterereignisse gehen u. a. mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Hitzschläge, Elektrolytstörungen, Verletzungen und psychische Erkrankungen einher. Der Temperaturanstieg führt zu veränderten Ausbreitungsgebieten von Krankheitsvektoren, die u. a. die Erreger der Borreliose oder des West-Nil-Fiebers übertragen. Im Bereich der psychischen Gesundheit stehen Klimaangst und die psychischen Auswirkungen von Extremwetterereignissen im Vordergrund.Zahlreiche Maßnahmen in den Bereichen Klimaschutz und Klimafolgenanpassung haben zugleich positive Effekte auf die Gesundheit und werden daher als Win-Win-Lösungen bezeichnet (z. B. aktiver Transport, Ausweitung urbaner Grünflächen). Kinder- und Jugendärzt:innen können einen wichtigen Beitrag zu Prävention und adäquater Behandlung von klimawandelassoziierten Erkrankungen leisten, indem sie u. a. in U‑Untersuchungen Win-Win-Lösungen adressieren und klimawandelbedingte Belastungsfaktoren in der Anamnese berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus können sie durch ihr Engagement in Organen der ärztlichen Selbstverwaltung (z. B. Etablierung nachhaltiger Anlagestrategien in ärztlichen Versorgungswerken) oder durch die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen in Gesundheitseinrichtungen aktiv zum Klimaschutz beitragen.
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15
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Kizer KW, Perera FP, Nadeau KC. Health implications of the West Virginia v Environmental Protection Agency US Supreme Court decision. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e847-e848. [PMID: 36370720 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Frederica P Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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16
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Melén E, Koppelman GH, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Andersen ZJ, Bunyavanich S. Allergies to food and airborne allergens in children and adolescents: role of epigenetics in a changing environment. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:810-819. [PMID: 35985346 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases affect millions of children and adolescents worldwide. In this Review, we focus on allergies to food and airborne allergens and provide examples of prevalence trends during a time when climate change is of increasing concern. Profound environmental changes have affected natural systems in terms of biodiversity loss, air pollution, and climate. We discuss the potential links between these changes and allergic diseases in children, and the clinical implications. Several exposures of relevance for allergic disease also correlate with epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation. We propose that epigenetics could be a promising tool by which exposures and hazards related to a changing environment can be captured. Epigenetics might also provide promising biomarkers and help to elucidate the mechanisms related to allergic disease initiation and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine and Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Liu L, Wang B, Qian N, Wei H, Yang G, Wan L, He Y. Association between ambient PM 2.5 and outpatient visits of children's respiratory diseases in a megacity in Central China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952662. [PMID: 36249195 PMCID: PMC9561247 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between ambient PM2.5 level and outpatient visits of children with respiratory diseases in a megacity, Zhengzhou, in central China. Methods We collected daily outpatient visit data, air pollutant data, and meteorological data at the monitoring points of Zhengzhou from the time period 2018 to 2020 and used Spearman's rank correlation to analyze the correlation between children's respiratory outpatient visits and air pollutants and meteorological factors. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the association between PM2.5 exposures and children's respiratory outpatient visits. A stratified analysis was further carried out for the seasons. Results From 2018 to 2020, the total number of outpatients with children's respiratory diseases was 79,1107, and the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3-8h in Zhengzhou were respectively 59.48 μg/m3, 111.12 μg/m3, 11.10 μg/m3, 47.77 μg/m3, 0.90 mg/m3 and 108.81 μg/m3. The single-pollutant model showed that the risk of outpatient visits for children with respiratory disease increased by 0.341% (95%CI: 0.274-0.407%), 0.532% (95%CI: 0.455-0.609%) and 0.233% (95%CI: 0.177-0.289%) for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 with a 3-day lag, 1-day lag, and 1-day lag respectively for the whole year, heating period, and non-heating period. The multi-pollutant model showed that the risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits was robust. The excess risk of PM2.5 on children's respiratory disease visits increased by 0.220% (95%CI: 0.147-0.294%) when SO2 was adjusted. However, the PM2.5 effects were stronger during the heating period than during the non-heating period. Conclusion The short-term exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with outpatient visits for children's respiratory diseases. It is therefore necessary to strengthen the control of air pollution so as to protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- Department of Environment Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingya Wang
- Department of Nutrition, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nana Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Wei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leping Wan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan He
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18
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Lauletta M, Moisé E, La Grutta S, Cilluffo G, Piacentini G, Ferrante G, Peroni DG, Di Cicco M. Climate advocacy among Italian pediatric pulmonologists: A national survey on the effects of climate change on respiratory allergies. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:862-870. [PMID: 35060364 PMCID: PMC9303178 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is expected to negatively impact respiratory health due to air pollution and increased aeroallergen exposure. Children are among the most vulnerable populations due to high ventilation rates, small peripheral airways, and developing respiratory and immunological systems. To assess the current knowledge among Italian pediatric pulmonologists on the potential effects of CC on pediatric respiratory allergic diseases, a national survey was launched online from February 2020 to February 2021. The members of the Italian Pediatric Respiratory Society (SIMRI) were contacted by email and 117 questionnaires were returned (response rate 16.4%). 72.6% of respondents were females, 53.8% were academic pediatricians, 42.7% had been working >10 years. Most of the participants were aware of the potential health effects of CC and stated that they had noticed an increase in the incidence (90.6%) and severity (67.5%) of allergic respiratory diseases among their patients. About 61% and 41% of participants respectively felt that there had been an increase in the number of children sensitized to pollen and molds. When applying latent class analysis to identify the features characterizing participants with greater awareness and knowledge of CC-related health effects, two classes were identified: almost 60% of the participants were labeled as "poor knowledge" and those with greater awareness were older, had longer work experience, and were those using the Internet to gather information about CC. There is urgent need to increase pediatricians' awareness of the detrimental effects of CC on children's respiratory health and integrate them in the educational programs of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Lauletta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Maternal-Infantile Health, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Moisé
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Maternal-Infantile Health, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Diego G Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Maternal-Infantile Health, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Maternal-Infantile Health, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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19
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Di Cicco M, Del Tufo E, Fasola S, Gracci S, Marchi MG, Fibbi L, Cilluffo G, Ferrante G, Peroni DG, La Grutta S. The Effect of Outdoor Aeroallergens on Asthma Hospitalizations in Children in North-Western Tuscany, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063586. [PMID: 35329272 PMCID: PMC8949088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Few data are currently available on the effects of aeroallergens in triggering respiratory symptoms in children. To evaluate the potential effects of daily outdoor aeroallergens loads on childhood admissions, in this case-crossover study, we analyzed data from 85 children hospitalized at the University Hospital of Pisa, Italy, for asthma or asthma-like symptoms without respiratory infection, between 2010 and 2019. Data were linked to outdoor allergens, temperature, nitrogen dioxide, and relative humidity observed during the same period. A 10-grains/m3 increase in the total aeroallergen concentration was associated with an increased risk of admission at lag 0 (OR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.011–1.098), with a smaller effect at lag 1 (OR = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.008–1.067) and lag 2 (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.003–1.039). Trends to larger effects were observed in children with sensitization to one or more aeroallergens (OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.004–1.173 at lag 0), in males (OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.009–1.132 at lag 0) and in older children (OR = 1.065, 95% CI: 1.007–1.127 at lag 0). Our study shows an association between increased outdoor allergens loads and asthma or asthma-like symptoms in children up to at least two days prior to hospitalization, suggesting that tracking aeroallergen counts may be useful to improve the management of respiratory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.D.T.); (S.G.); (D.G.P.)
- Allergology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-992-797
| | - Ester Del Tufo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.D.T.); (S.G.); (D.G.P.)
- Allergology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fasola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.F.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Serena Gracci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.D.T.); (S.G.); (D.G.P.)
- Allergology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Marchi
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Tuscany (ARPAT), 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luca Fibbi
- Laboratory for Meteorology and Environmental Modelling (LaMMA Consortium), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Institute of Bioeconomy, IBE, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cilluffo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Pediatric Division, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Diego G. Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.D.T.); (S.G.); (D.G.P.)
- Allergology Section, Pediatrics Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Via Roma n. 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.F.); (S.L.G.)
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20
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Urrutia-Pereira M, Guidos-Fogelbach G, Solé D. Climate changes, air pollution and allergic diseases in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98 Suppl 1:S47-S54. [PMID: 34896064 PMCID: PMC9510908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impacts of climate change on the development of immature respiratory and immune systems in children. SOURCE OF DATA The authors of the present study performed a non-systematic review of English, Spanish, and Portuguese articles published in the last five years in databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and SciELO. The terms used were air pollution OR climate changes OR smoke, AND children OR health. SYNTHESIS OF DATA The increase in the prevalence of some diseases, such as allergic ones, is attributed to the interactions between genetic potential and the environment. However, disordered growth combined with inadequate waste management has caused problems for the planet, such as heatwaves, droughts, forest fires, increased storms and floods, interference in food crops and their nutritional values, changes in the infectious disease pattern, and air pollution resulting from the continuous use of fossil fuels. Children, beings still in the development stage with immature respiratory and immune systems, are the primary victims of the climate crisis. CONCLUSIONS The authors documented that prenatal and postnatal exposure to ambient air pollutants will accelerate or worsen the morbidity and mortality of many health conditions, including allergic diseases. Ambient air pollutants change the microbiota, interfere with the immune response, and take direct action on the skin and respiratory epithelium, which facilitates the penetration of allergens. Understanding how the children and adolescent health and well-being are affected by climate change is an urgent matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Guidos-Fogelbach
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Postgraduate Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Divisão de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kim BE, Hui-Beckman J, Lyubchenko T, Hall CF, Fallahi S, Brull A, Goleva E, Leung DY. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Plays a Major Role in Low Temperature-Mediated Skin Barrier Dysfunction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:362-372.e7. [PMID: 35189126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born in the fall and winter are at increased risk for developing atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). Since these seasons are associated with low temperature, we hypothesized that low temperature exposure may compromise keratinocyte differentiation and contribute to skin barrier dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To examine whether low temperature causes skin barrier dysfunction. METHODS Primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were differentiated in 1.3mM CaCl2 media and cultured at different temperatures. The cells were transfected with transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to examine the effects of these gene targets in HEKs exposed to low temperature. Gene expression of TRPV1, epidermal barrier proteins, and keratinocyte-derived cytokines were evaluated. Organotypic skin equivalents were generated using HEKs transfected with control or TRPV1 siRNA and grown at 25oC or 37oC. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and levels of epidermal barrier proteins were evaluated. RESULTS Filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) expression, but not keratin (KRT)-1 and KRT-10 expression, was downregulated in HEKs incubated at 25oC while TRPV1 silencing increased intracellular Ca2+ influx (keratinocyte differentiation signal) and enhanced the expression of epidermal differentiation proteins. Interleukin (IL)-1β and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) induced by low temperature inhibited FLG expression in keratinocytes through the TRPV1/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, low temperature-mediated inhibition of FLG and LOR was recovered, and TEWL was decreased in organotypic skin transfected with TRPV1 siRNA. CONCLUSION TRPV1 is critical in low temperature-mediated skin barrier dysfunction. Low temperature exposure induced TSLP, an alarmin implicated in epicutaneous allergen sensitization. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Low temperature causes skin barrier dysfunction through TRPV1 and TSLP, which may explain the pathways involved in promoting allergic sensitization through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | | | - Taras Lyubchenko
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206; Department of Biological Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208
| | - Clifton F Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | - Sahand Fallahi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206; Department of Biological Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208
| | - Amelia Brull
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Climate change remains a major threat to the health and well-being of children globally. This article reviews the myriad health effects of climate change on children throughout their lives and discusses ways in which the general pediatrician can be an advocate for climate solutions. RECENT FINDINGS Rising atmospheric temperatures, increased air pollution, and destabilized weather patterns all lead to adverse health outcomes for children and adverse obstetric outcomes. However, the impact of climate change is not evenly distributed. Children living in poverty are more likely to be adversely impacted by the changing climate. SUMMARY Ongoing and emerging research suggests that children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The primary care pediatrician is encouraged to see this irrefutable evidence as a call to action for advocacy on behalf of our patients and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Brodie
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth A Silberholz
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Qi Y, Shi P, Chen R, Zhou Y, Liu L, Hong J, Cao L, Lu Y, Dong X, Li J, Shi Y, Xia M, Ding B, Qian L, Wang L, Zhou W, Gui Y, Zhang X. Characteristics of childhood allergic diseases in outpatient and emergency departments in Shanghai, China, 2016-2018: a multicenter, retrospective study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 34535106 PMCID: PMC8447671 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergic diseases (ADs), such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), is increasing worldwide in both adults and children. Although ADs are common and frequently coexist in outpatient care, city-level data regarding the characteristics of childhood AD remain limited in China. This study aimed to assess the profile and characteristics of ADs in the city of Shanghai. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was designed to collect routine administrative data from outpatient and emergency departments from 66 hospitals in Shanghai, China, from 2016 to 2018. Children with asthma, AR, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and allergic skin diseases were investigated. Demographic characteristics, patients visit pattern, spectrum of diagnosis, and comorbidities were analyzed. Results A total of 2,376,150 outpatient and emergency visits for ADs were included in the period from 2016 to 2018. Allergic skin diseases accounted for 38.9%, followed by asthma (34.8%), AR (22.9%), and AC (3.3%), with a male predominance in all four diseases. Asthma and allergic skin diseases were most frequent in the 1 to < 4 years of age group, while AR and AC were more common in the 4 to < 7 years of age group. Asthma accounted for the greatest number of annual and emergency visits. The most frequent comorbidity of asthma was lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (49.3%), followed by AR (20.5%) and upper respiratory tract infection (14.1%). The most common comorbidities of AR were otitis media (23.4%), adenoid hypertrophy/obstructive sleep apnea (22.1%), followed by LRTI (12.1%), asthma (9.4%) and chronic pharyngitis (8.9%). Conclusions Asthma and allergic skin diseases were the most common ADs in outpatient and emergency departments in the study period. Respiratory tract infection was the most common comorbidity of asthma in children. More attention should be devoted to the treatment of comorbidities to improve childhood AD outcomes with a better understanding of the characteristics of ADs in outpatient care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02880-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Data Management and Statistics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lanfang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanming Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Li
- Big Data Product Department, Wonders Information Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Big Data Product Department, Wonders Information Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, South Campus, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Liling Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Traffic Density-Related Black Carbon Distribution: Impact of Wind in a Basin Town. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126490. [PMID: 34208506 PMCID: PMC8296370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon is one of the riskiest particle matter pollutants that is harmful to human health. Although it has been increasingly investigated, factors that depend on black carbon distribution and concentration are still insufficiently researched. Variables, such as traffic density, wind speeds, and ground levels can lead to substantial variations of black carbon concentrations and potential exposure, which is even riskier for people living in less-airy sites. Therefore, this paper “fills the gaps” by studying black carbon distribution variations, concentrations, and oscillations, with special emphasis on traffic density and road segments, at multiple locations, in a small city located in a basin, with frequent temperature inversions and infrequent low wind speeds. As wind speed has a significant impact on black carbon concentration trends, it is critical to present how low wind speeds influence black carbon dispersion in a basin city, and how black carbon is dependent on traffic density. Our results revealed that when the wind reached speeds of 1 ms−1, black carbon concentrations actually increased. In lengthy wind periods, when wind speeds reached 2 or 3 ms−1, black carbon concentrations decreased during rush hour and in the time of severe winter biomass burning. By observing the results, it could be concluded that black carbon persists longer in higher altitudes than near ground level. Black carbon concentration oscillations were also seen as more pronounced on main roads with higher traffic density. The more the traffic decreases and becomes steady, the more black carbon concentrations oscillate.
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25
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Al Shibli A, Nouredin MB, Al Amri A, Iram D, Narchi H. Epidemiology of Bronchiolitis in Hospitalized Infants at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Open Respir Med J 2021; 15:7-13. [PMID: 34249176 PMCID: PMC8227460 DOI: 10.2174/1874306402115010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchiolitis is the commonest lower respiratory tract infection, found worldwide in children < 2 years of age. Over sixty percent of cases are caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The disease is known to have significant morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Its seasonal variability, manifestations and complications vary between countries. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods Retrospective observational chart review was made of an unselected cohort of infants ≤ 2 years admitted to the pediatric department of Tawam hospital over a 3-year period and discharged with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Epidemiological data and risk factors were analyzed. Results RSV was the commonest pathogen (51%). Hospitalizations occurred year-round but increased significantly in December and January. The patients' median age was 5.8 months with a male predominance (male:female ratio of 1.5:1.0). The mean age at admission was 6.6 months and presentation occurred, on average, 2.9 days after the onset of the symptoms. The majority (94%) had respiratory distress on presentation. Chest x-ray was performed in 80% of the patients. Most children received bronchodilator therapy and oxygen therapy was administered to 42%. The mean duration of hospital stay was 3 days. Conclusion Bronchiolitis remains a common reason for hospital admission and carries significant morbidity. RSV is the primarily responsible virus for hospital admissions and morbidity.A better understanding of the burden of bronchiolitis in our setting would enable better planning and use of hospital resources to minimize its short and long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Al Shibli
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad B Nouredin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Al Amri
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Durdana Iram
- Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassib Narchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Mathiarasan S, Hüls A. Impact of Environmental Injustice on Children's Health-Interaction between Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020795. [PMID: 33477762 PMCID: PMC7832299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution disproportionately affects marginalized populations of lower socioeconomic status. There is little literature on how socioeconomic status affects the risk of exposure to air pollution and associated health outcomes, particularly for children’s health. The objective of this article was to review the existing literature on air pollution and children’s health and discern how socioeconomic status affects this association. The concept of environmental injustice recognizes how underserved communities often suffer from higher air pollution concentrations in addition to other underlying risk factors for impaired health. This exposure then exerts larger effects on their health than it does in the average population, affecting the whole body, including the lungs and the brain. Children, whose organs and mind are still developing and who do not have the means of protecting themselves or creating change, are the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of air pollution and environmental injustice. The adverse health effects of air pollution and environmental injustice can harm children well into adulthood and may even have transgenerational effects. There is an urgent need for action in order to ensure the health and safety of future generations, as social disparities are continuously increasing, due to social discrimination and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Mathiarasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Zaffanello M, Ferrante G, Fasola S, Piazza M, Piacentini G, La Grutta S. Personal and Environmental Risk Factors at Birth and Hospital Admission: Direct and Vitamin D-Mediated Effects on Bronchiolitis Hospitalization in Italian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E747. [PMID: 33477251 PMCID: PMC7829957 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in UV-B radiation may influence vitamin D status, and this, in turn, may influence the risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization. The aim of this study was using a causal inference approach to investigate, simultaneously, the interrelationships between personal and environmental risk factors at birth/hospital admission (RFBH), serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis hospitalization. A total of 63 children (<2 years old) hospitalized for bronchiolitis (34 RSV-positive) and 63 controls were consecutively enrolled (2014-2016). Vitamin D levels and some RFBH (birth season, birth weight, gestational age, gender, age, weight, hospitalization season) were recorded. The discovered RFBH effects on the risk ok bronchiolitis hospitalization were decomposed into direct and vitamin-D mediated ones through Mediation Analysis. Winter-spring season (vs. summer-autumn) was significantly associated with lower vitamin D levels (mean difference -11.14 nmol/L). Increasing serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 0.84 for a 10-nmol/L increase). Winter-spring season and gestational age (one-week increase) were significantly and directly associated with bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 6.37 and OR = 0.78 respectively), while vitamin D-mediated effects were negligible (1.21 and 1.02 respectively). Using a comprehensive causal approach may enhance the understanding of the complex interrelationships among RFBH, vitamin D and bronchiolitis hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zaffanello
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Fasola
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Michele Piazza
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefania La Grutta
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
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28
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Ferreira V, Pié L, Terceño A. The Role of the Foreign Sector in the Spanish Bioeconomy: Two Approaches Based on SAM Linear Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249381. [PMID: 33333837 PMCID: PMC7765276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The bioeconomy emerges as an opportunity to focus on a more sustainable economy, avoid dependence on non-renewable resources and help to mitigate negative environmental impacts. The bioeconomy is considered a priority for the European Union and for Spain, which launched its strategy in 2016. To promote the Spanish bioeconomy, the impact and variables that may influence its development must be known. While previous works have analyzed the domestic sectors, this paper focuses on analyzing the economic importance of Spanish bioeconomy products and on the influence of and the existing links between the foreign sector and the rest of the economy. For this purpose, we apply two different methodologies based on linear social accounting matrix (SAM) models. The linkages show that many bioeconomy products have the potential to promote the rest of the economy and the values of some product multipliers become more significant due to their import dependence. These results enable us to know the structure of the Spanish bioeconomy and the relationships within its account. This analysis is a useful tool for developing policies focused on fostering the bioeconomy and economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Pié
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-759-818
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