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Pourmontaseri H, Farjam M, Dehghan A, Karimi A, Akbari M, Shahabi S, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Estakhr M, Tabrizi R, Ahmadizar F. The effects of aerobic and resistant exercises on the lipid profile in healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1. [PMID: 38865051 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can have a wide range of health benefits, including improving blood lipid profiles. For women to achieve optimal cardiovascular health, it is vital to determine the effect of exercise on their health and whether different exercise intensities can affect their blood lipid profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the effects of exercise on improving the lipid profile of healthy women. A database search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until July 2, 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating exercise's effects on healthy women's blood lipid profiles. A total of 10 eligible articles (or 17 trials) with 576 participants were identified as eligible for the study. Overall, the meta-analysis shows that physical activity significantly improved total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels: TC [WMD = -5.77 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.41, -1.13, P < 0.01]; TG [WMD = -5.60 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.96, -2.23, P < 0.01]; HDL [WMD = 4.49 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.33, 8.65, P = 0.03]. Additionally, sub-group analyses indicated that combined exercise training improved TG and TC (p 0.05), and aerobic exercise significantly increased HDL. In this study, physical activity appears to be one of the most effective non-pharmacological means for improving HDL, TG, and TC in healthy women. In terms of TG and TC, CT was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Karimi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Vali Asr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Estakhr
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
- USERN Research Office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nunes PRP, Castro-E-Souza P, de Oliveira AA, Camilo BDF, Cristina-Souza G, Vieira-Souza LM, Carneiro MADS. Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:145-159. [PMID: 37788790 PMCID: PMC10980902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females. METHODS A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included. Independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)) evaluations. Total body and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis. A random-effects model, standardized mean difference (Hedges' g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty randomized controlled trials (overall risk of bias: some concerns; GRADE: low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included. RT groups were divided into low-volume RT (LVRT, ∼44 sets/week) and high-volume RT (HVRT, ∼77 sets/week). Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to CG. However, HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose (HVRT = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.63 to -0.74; LVRT = -0.78; 95%CI:-1.15 to -0.41) and C-reactive protein (HVRT = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.67; LVRT = -0.34; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.04)) when compared to CG. CONCLUSION Compared to CG, HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; University Center of Planalto de Araxá (UNIARAXA), 38180-129 Araxá, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela Castro-E-Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Freitas Camilo
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49107-230 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Buskard ANL, Petrella RJ. Resistance Training and Weight Loss in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:67. [PMID: 37526793 PMCID: PMC10393929 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is one of the most effective interventions available to older adults wishing to slow the progressive loss of muscle size and strength known to occur with age. Less is known about the ability of RT to resist the onset of an equally problematic condition related to increased age: obesity. The objective of this scoping review was to characterize current research associated with RT and weight loss in older adults, including protocols, feasibility, and gaps in current knowledge. We searched six databases using variations of the terms "resistance training," "weight loss," and "older adults" for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in the year 2009 or later. Studies were included if they featured at least one treatment group with a mean age of > 65 years that engaged in an RT-only exercise protocol with no aerobic or high-intensity interval component. Of the 6102 references identified by the initial database search, 24 were retained for analysis. Older women and older adults with obesity or sarcopenic obesity were the most studied groups (n = 13), followed by healthy community-dwelling older adults (n = 11) and studies involving older adults and some aspect of either dietary control or pharmaceutical intervention (n = 8). Significant between-study heterogeneity was observed in the RT characteristics researchers thought optimal for improving body composition measures in older adults. Changes in body composition, rather than total body mass, were found to be the essential variables to consider when evaluating the effectiveness of an RT intervention aimed at reducing chronic disease in older adults. Weight loss alone appears to be an incomplete and problematic outcome measure for older adults, with changes in body composition (ratio of fat mass to lean mass) being the more appropriate variable to emphasize in this population. However, it is important to note that only one study, showing questionably reproducible findings, found a significant lean body mass gain. The lack of abundant high-quality evidence demonstrating combined RT and a healthy diet can lead to significant fat loss and lean body mass gain, coupled with high attrition rates observed in many of the studies reviewed, highlight the need for further rigorous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N L Buskard
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Petrella
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Cardozo DC, de Souza Destro D. Pyramidal resistance training: A brief review of acute responses and long-term adaptations. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:21-27. [PMID: 37330772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most popular training methods in weight rooms is the pyramidal. Despite this, its superiority over traditional training is still speculative. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of pyramid strength training on acute responses and long-term adaptations of this training method. METHOD The research was performed in PubMed, BIREME/BVS and Google Scholar databases using the search words in different combinations: 'strength training', 'resistance training', 'resistance exercise', 'strength exercise', 'pyramid', 'system pyramidal', 'crescent pyramid' and 'decrescent pyramid'. As inclusion criteria were considered: studies in English, which compared the effects of pyramidal training versus traditional training on acute responses and long-term adaptations. The TESTEX scale (0-15 points) was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. RESULTS This article included 15 studies (6 acute effect studies and 9 longitudinal studies), which evaluated hormonal, metabolic and performance responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy of strength training in pyramidal and traditional format. Studies were rated between good and excellent quality. CONCLUSION The pyramid training protocol was not superior to the traditional protocol on acute physiological responses, strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. From a practical point of view, these findings allow us to say that the manipulation of this training method could be based on issues of periodization, motivation and/or even in personal preference. But, this is based on studies developed with repetition zones between 8 and 12 and/or intensities between 67% and 85% of 1RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Correia Cardozo
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Martins AD, Fernandes O, Oliveira R, Bilro V, Lopes G, Rego AM, Parraça JA, Raimundo AMM, Brito JP. Effects of exercise programs on phase angle in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104787. [PMID: 35961106 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of exercise programs on phase angle (PhA) in older people. A systematic review was undertaken in multiple electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines for the purposes of selecting randomized controlled trials that measured the effects of the exercise programs on PhA in older adults on 31 March 2022. We carried out a random-effect meta-analysis for the effects of exercise programs on PhA. Additionally, we analysed the differences between subgroups in terms of weekly frequency, number of sets and repetitions, and duration of interventions. Studies were methodological assessed through the PEDro scale where one had excellent, ten had good, and three had poor methodological quality. For the purposes of the study, fourteen studies met the criteria for inclusion. However, four studies did not have enough information to be included in the quantitative analysis. The remaining ten articles revealed moderate effects on PhA in favour of intervention groups (p=0.009, SMD=0.72 [0.46-0.99], I2=54%). The meta-analysis also showed that interventions lasting twelve weeks are more successful in generating positive effects on PhA as opposed to eight weeks (SMD's=0.79 vs. 0.64, respectively). These results indicate that resistance training (RT) is an effective and safe to improve PhA in the older people, especially through RT programs lasting from eight to twelve weeks. A novel finding of this study was that RT is the most used type of exercise by authors when assessing the PhA in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Duarte Martins
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal; Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal.
| | - Orlando Fernandes
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - Rafael Oliveira
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal; Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
| | - Vitor Bilro
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Lopes
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - António Maia Rego
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - José A Parraça
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - Armando Manuel Mendonça Raimundo
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora 7000-727, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Brito
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal; Life Quality Research Centre, Rio Maior 2040-413, Portugal; Research Centre in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal
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Rose GL, Mielke GI, Durr M, Schaumberg MA. Effect of resistance training on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Laura Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Madeleine Durr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Mia Annalies Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Australia
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Osco KM, Campa F, Coratella G, Correa BD, de Alencar Silva BS, Dos Santos VR, Milanez VF, Gobbo LA. Resistance but not elastic tubes training improves bioimpedance vector patterns and body composition in older women: A randomized trial. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111526. [PMID: 34425204 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional resistance training compared to elastic tubes training on bioimpedance vector patterns, body composition, and strength in older women. Thirty-eight older women (age 68.7 ± 6.9 years, body mass index 28.8 ± 7.2 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to perform traditional resistance or elastic tubes training three times per week for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. In addition, handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Only the participants who followed the 12-week traditional resistance training program significantly (p < 0.05) decreased fat mass (ES: -0.69) and extracellular water (ES: -1.06), and increased total body water (ES: 0.49), intracellular water (ES: 1.11), body cell mass (ES: 0.82), muscle mass (ES: 0.94), and phase angle (ES: 0.99), while no change occurred in the elastic tubes training group. Furthermore, a vector leftward displacement (ES: 1.11) into the resistance-reactance graph was found only after the traditional resistance training program. The handgrip strength increased for both traditional and elastic tubes training groups (ES: 0.64, ES: 0.71, respectively). Traditional resistance training improved body composition and strength in the older women group, while training using elastic tubes was effective only for the latter. The present outcomes encourage the use of systematic resistance training to counteract the effects of aging in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Minacca Osco
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Francesco Campa
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Dias Correa
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Flavio Milanez
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Universidade Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Luís Alberto Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, School of Technology and Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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The Effect of Resistance Training in Healthy Adults on Body Fat Percentage, Fat Mass and Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 52:287-300. [PMID: 34536199 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training is the gold standard exercise mode for accrual of lean muscle mass, but the isolated effect of resistance training on body fat is unknown. OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated resistance training for body composition outcomes in healthy adults. Our primary outcome was body fat percentage; secondary outcomes were body fat mass and visceral fat. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES We searched five electronic databases up to January 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included randomised trials that compared full-body resistance training for at least 4 weeks to no-exercise control in healthy adults. ANALYSIS We assessed study quality with the TESTEX tool and conducted a random-effects meta-analysis, with a subgroup analysis based on measurement type (scan or non-scan) and sex (male or female), and a meta-regression for volume of resistance training and training components. RESULTS From 11,981 records, we included 58 studies in the review, with 54 providing data for a meta-analysis. Mean study quality was 9/15 (range 6-15). Compared to the control, resistance training reduced body fat percentage by - 1.46% (95% confidence interval - 1.78 to - 1.14, p < 0.0001), body fat mass by - 0.55 kg (95% confidence interval - 0.75 to - 0.34, p < 0.0001) and visceral fat by a standardised mean difference of - 0.49 (95% confidence interval - 0.87 to - 0.11, p = 0.0114). Measurement type was a significant moderator in body fat percentage and body fat mass, but sex was not. Training volume and training components were not associated with effect size. Resistance training reduces body fat percentage, body fat mass and visceral fat in healthy adults. STUDY REGISTRATION osf.io/hsk32.
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Ransdell LB, Wayment HA, Lopez N, Lorts C, Schwartz AL, Pugliesi K, Pohl PS, Bycura D, Camplain R. The impact of resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and functional fitness in older women (45-80 years): A systematic review (2010-2020). WOMEN 2021; 1:143-168. [PMID: 35702064 PMCID: PMC9191851 DOI: 10.3390/women1030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this review is to identify these gaps. Thirty-eight papers published between 2010 and 2020 (in English) represent 2519 subjects (mean age = 66.89 ± 4.91 years). Intervention averages include 2 to 3 × 50 min sessions across 15 weeks with 7 exercises per session and 11 repetitions per set. Twelve studies (32%) examined the impact of RT plus dietary manipulation. MM, MS, and FF showed positive changes after RT. Adding RT to fitness regimens for peri- to postmenopausal women is likely to have positive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda B Ransdell
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
| | - Heidi A Wayment
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Nanette Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Cori Lorts
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Anna L Schwartz
- School of Nursing, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Karen Pugliesi
- Department of Sociology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Patricia S Pohl
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Dierdra Bycura
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Ricky Camplain
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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Effects of a 12-Week Suspension versus Traditional Resistance Training Program on Body Composition, Bioimpedance Vector Patterns, and Handgrip Strength in Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072267. [PMID: 34209004 PMCID: PMC8308438 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to compare the effects of suspension training versus traditional resistance exercise using a combination of bands and bodyweight on body composition, bioimpedance vector patterns, and handgrip strength in older men. Thirty-six older men (age 67.4 ± 5.1 years, BMI 27.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) were randomly allocated into suspension training (n = 12), traditional training (n = 13), or non-exercise (n = 11) groups over a 12-week study period. Body composition was assessed using conventional bioelectrical impedance analysis and classic and specific bioelectric impedance vector analysis, and handgrip strength was measured with a dynamometer. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) group by time interaction for fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, skeletal muscle index, classic and specific bioelectrical resistance, classic bioelectrical reactance, phase angle, and dominant handgrip strength. Classic and specific vector displacements from baseline to post 12 weeks for the three groups were observed. Handgrip strength increased in the suspension training group (p < 0.01, ES: 1.50), remained stable in the traditional training group, and decreased in the control group (p < 0.01, ES: -0.86). Although bodyweight and elastic band training helps to prevent a decline in muscle mass and handgrip strength, suspension training proved more effective in counteracting the effects of aging in older men under the specific conditions studied.
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Physical Activity Level Following Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136682. [PMID: 34206175 PMCID: PMC8297335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Older adults' physical activity (PA) is low. We examined whether eight months of resistance training increased PA level in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. A two-armed cluster-randomized trial using parallel groups was conducted. The included participants were >70 years and received home care. The resistance training group performed resistance training using body weight, elastic bands, and water canes twice per week for eight months. The control group was informed about the national PA guidelines and received motivational talks. The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to estimate PA. Outcomes included total PA (counts per minute), sedentary behavior (min/day), light PA (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day), and steps (mean/day). Between-group differences were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Twelve clusters were randomized to either resistance training (7 clusters, 60 participants) or the control group (5 clusters, 44 participants). A total of 101 participants (median age 86.0 (interquartile range 80-90) years) had valid accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for any of the PA outcomes after four or eight months. This study offers no evidence of increased PA level following resistance training in older adults with home care.
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The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults-Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115608. [PMID: 34073970 PMCID: PMC8197305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is inevitably associated with body composition changes, such as loss of muscle mass, increase in the total fat mass, and unfavorable reduction of subcutaneous fat. Physical activity exerts significant effects on the body composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two different weekly doses of resistance-aerobic training on the body composition in older people. The study consisted in a retrospective data analysis of fitness club members aged ≥60. The trainees participated in resistance-aerobic training sessions two or three times/week for a minimum of two months. A body composition analysis was performed before and after the training sessions. Group 1 (36 subjects) and Group 2 (28 subjects) had two and three training sessions/week, respectively. A higher skeletal muscle mass was found in Group 1 and lower waist-hip-ratio indices were observed in Group 2. No statistically significant differences were found in the body mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, total body water, lean mass, body mass index, visceral fat area between both groups. The number of training session/week proved to be statistically insignificant for all investigated variables. Resistance-aerobic training with two sessions/week may be as effective in maintaining proper body composition in older people as the same training at the dose of three sessions/week.
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Zdzieblik D, Jendricke P, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, König D. The Influence of Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged, Untrained Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094837. [PMID: 33946565 PMCID: PMC8125453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that specific collagen peptides combined with resistance training (RT) improves body composition and muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men. The main purpose of this RCT study was to investigate the efficacy of the identical specific collagen peptides combined with RT on body composition and muscle strength in middle-aged, untrained men. Furthermore, in the exploratory part of the study, these results were compared with another group that had received whey protein in addition to the RT. Ninety-seven men completed this study and participated in a 12-week RT program. They ingested 15 g of specific collagen peptides (n = 30; CP-G), placebo (n = 31; P-G), or whey protein (n = 36; WP-G) daily. Changes in fat free mass and fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and isometric leg strength was measured. All participants had significantly (p < 0.01) improved levels in fat free mass (ΔCP-G = 3.42 ± 2.54 kg; ΔP-G = 1.83 ± 2.09 kg; ΔWP-G = 2.27 ± 2.56 kg), fat mass (ΔCP-G = -5.28 ± 3.19 kg; ΔP-G = -3.39 ± 3.13 kg; ΔWP-G = -4.08 ± 2.80 kg) and leg strength (ΔCP-G = 163 ± 189 N; ΔP-G = 100 ± 154 N; ΔWP-G = 120 ± 233 N). The main analysis revealed a statistically significantly higher increase in fat free mass (p = 0.010) and decrease in fat mass (p = 0.023) in the CP-G compared with the P-G. The exploratory analysis showed no statistically significant differences between WP-G and CP-G or P-G, regarding changes of fat free mass and fat mass. In conclusion, specific collagen peptide supplementation combined with RT was associated with a significantly greater increase in fat free mass and a decrease in fat mass compared with placebo. RT combined with whey protein also had a positive impact on body composition, but the respective effects were more pronounced following the specific collagen peptide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zdzieblik
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (D.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Patrick Jendricke
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (D.Z.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-20354240
| | - Steffen Oesser
- CRI, Collagen Research Institute, Schauenburgerstr 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department for Nutrition, Institute for Sports and Sports Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr 175, 79117 Freiburg, Germany; (D.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniel König
- Centre of Sports Science, Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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González-Bernal JJ, Jahouh M, González-Santos J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Fernández-Lázaro D, Soto-Cámara R. Influence of the Use of Wii Games on Physical Frailty Components in Institutionalized Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052723. [PMID: 33800315 PMCID: PMC7967453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon in which cellular and molecular changes occur. These changes lead to poor locomotion, poor balance, and an increased falling risk. This study aimed to determine the impact and effectiveness of the use of the Wii® game console on improving walking speed and balance, as well as its influence on frailty levels and falling risk, in older adults. A longitudinal study was designed with a pretest/post-test structure. The study population comprised people over 75 years of age who lived in a nursing home or attended a day care center (n = 80; 45 women; 84.2 ± 8.7 years). Forty of them were included in the Wii group (20 rehabilitation sessions during 8 consecutive weeks), and the other 40 were in the control group. Falling risk and frailty were evaluated using the Downton scale and Fried scale; balance and walking speed were assessed with the Berg Balance scale and the Gait Speed Test, respectively, as well as the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The results showed that there was no significant association between Frailty Phenotype and study groups in baseline. However, there was significant association between Frailty Phenotype and study groups at the end of study. Moreover, a significantly higher and negative percentage change (Δ) in the Wii group with respect to the control group on the in falling risk (−20.05 ± 35.14% vs. 7.92 ± 24.53%) and in walking speed (−6.42 ± 8.83% vs. −0.12 ± 4.51%) during study, while there was a higher and positive significant percent change in static balance (6.07 ± 5.74% vs. 2.13 ± 4.64%) and on the SPPB (20.28 ± 20.05% vs. 0.71 ± 7.99%) after 8 weeks of study. The main conclusion of this study was that the use of the Wii® video console for 8 weeks positively influenced walking speed, falling risk, static balance, and frailty levels in older adults. Through a rehabilitation program with the Wii® game console in the older adults, frailty levels are reduced, accompanied by a reduction in falling risk and an increase in static balance and walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha Jahouh
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (J.G.-S.); (J.M.-A.)
| | - Josefa González-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (J.G.-S.); (J.M.-A.)
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (J.G.-S.); (J.M.-A.)
| | - Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, Campus of Soria, University of Valladolid, 42003
Soria, Spain;
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (R.S.-C.)
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