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Zhou L, Huang X, Wang J, Wang F, Liu J, Liu N. The influence of eight cognitive training regimes upon cognitive screening tool performance in post-stroke survivors: a network meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1374546. [PMID: 39100748 PMCID: PMC11294113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1374546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional meta-analysis offers only direct comparative evidence. The optimal cognitive training for poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) remains largely undetermined. Objectives This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of selected cognitive training methods for PSCI patients and to identify and rank the most effective intervention programs. Methods Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Database for randomized controlled trials up to September 30, 2023. Two researchers independently performed literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Network meta-analysis was utilized to synthesize the main findings. The primary outcome focused on the intervention's impact on subjective cognitive function, with secondary outcomes including effects on activities of daily living, motor function, and functional independence. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023463282). Results Fifty eligible randomized controlled trials were identified, revealing eight distinct interventions. These interventions collectively demonstrate efficacy in enhancing cognition. Traditional cognitive training significantly improves overall cognitive function, daily living function, motor function, and functional independence. In Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment, Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and Functional Independence Measure scales, a combination of computer-based and traditional cognitive training outperformed the conventional control group MD = 29.97 (95%CI: 16.3, 44.2), MD = 18.67 (95%CI: 9.78, 27.45), MD = 28.76 (95%CI: 5.46, 51.79) and MD = 42.2 (95%CI: 5.25, 78.99). In the MMSE scale, virtual reality cognitive training combined with traditional training was most effective MD = 8.01 (95%CI: 3.6, 12.4). On the MoCA scale, the combination of exercise and cognitive training showed superior results MD = 6.68 (95%CI: 2.55, 10.78). Only the combined computer-based and traditional cognitive training, as well as traditional cognitive training alone, significantly enhanced functional independence, with no notable differences in other pairwise interventions. Conclusion The network meta-analysis suggests that augmenting traditional training with other modalities may enhance overall effectiveness. Specifically, interventions incorporating computer-based cognitive training appear to surpass other methods in improving cognition, daily living function, motor skills, and functional independence. The findings of this network meta-analysis provide evidence-based guidance for clinical decision-making. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier in PROSPERO (CRD42023463282).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhou
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Neurology Department, LuoYang DongFang People’s Hospital, Luoyang Henan, China
| | - Fengming Wang
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nanhai Liu
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zhao X, Huang X, Zou B, Zhang S, Wan Q. Compared to exercise, the effects of exercise combined with cognitive training in people with mild cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38982715 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2375614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of exercise combined with cognitive training (E&CT) in improving cognitive function compared to exercise alone. METHOD PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SPORTDiscus, and OpenGrey were systematically searched. Additional screenings were performed by reviewing citations of relevant articles. Studies were included if they met inclusion criteria. Both pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model in Stata 15.0. RESULTS Totally, 46 trials from 54 literature (n = 2846) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The network meta-analysis indicated that exercise alone was more efficacious than E&CT in improving global cognition and multicomponent exercise exhibited the highest likelihood (SUCRA value= 89.0%) of being the most effective type. Regarding memory function, E&CT presented greater potential than exercise alone, with the interactive modality ranking first (SUCRA value = 88.4%). Multicomponent exercise was identified as the top intervention for enhancing executive function. The overall quality of the included studies was rated as moderate, and the certainty of evidence ranged from low to high. CONCLUSION Multicomponent exercise emerged as the optimal intervention for improving global cognition and executive function. Nevertheless, for memory function, the interactive modality of E&CT demonstrated the highest probability of being the most effective choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
| | - Baohong Zou
- Outpatient Community Center, Beijing Zhongguancun Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shifang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqin Wan
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Malik J, Główka N, Jelonek W, Stemplewski R, Maciaszek J. Effect of a juggling-based physical activity on postural stability, reaction time, and attention focus in older adults: a randomized crossover study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:15. [PMID: 38822245 PMCID: PMC11143604 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the aging society, more attention is paid to the promotion of forms of physical activity that can improve postural stability and cognitive functioning. In this context, the importance of combined exercises, requiring simultaneous physical and cognitive involvement, is emphasized. Juggling seems to be a form of activity that is both cognitively and physically demanding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of additional juggling exercise on postural stability and cognitive abilities in healthy, physically active older adults. METHODS Twenty-six healthy and physically active older adults (70.08±4.40 years old) were included in a randomized crossover study. The addition of juggling three times a week during four weeks was the main intervention (one period), while the control phase included four weeks with no addition of juggling (second period). Measurements of postural stability and cognitive abilities were performed before and after each period. For the purpose of postural stability assessment, a velocity of center of pressure with root mean square, area 95 percentile, medio-lateral and anterior-posterior range of motion were measured. Center of pressure signals were obtained using an AccuGait™ System force plate in three conditions: free standing, dual-task and limits of stability. The Vienna Test System was used for the assessment of selected cognitive abilities. A battery of reaction time tests and Cognitrone test were used for this purpose. RESULTS A significant interaction effect of intervention and time was observed in the postural stability dual-task condition in the root mean square of the center of pressure velocity in the advantage of the juggling period (medio-lateral: F=14.83, p<.01, ƞp2=.37; anterior-posterior: F=26.30, p<.01, ƞp2=.51). Additionally, moderate effect sizes were observed in the velocity of the center of pressure and variability of simple reaction time measurements, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the implementation of juggling activity in everyday life may have positive effects on cognitive abilities and postural stability in healthy, physically active older adults, but the true effect may be low to moderate. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered retrospectively (30.10.2023) at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06108713).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Malik
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Główka
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jelonek
- Department of Neuromuscular Physiotherapy, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Stemplewski
- Department of Digital Technologies in Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Maciaszek
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Promotion Science, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
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Keawtep P, Sungkarat S, Boripuntakul S, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Wichayanrat W, Chattipakorn SC, Worakul P. Effects of combined dietary intervention and physical-cognitive exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health of postmenopausal women with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38443944 PMCID: PMC10913568 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women with obesity are markedly at risk of cognitive impairment and several health issues. Emerging evidence demonstrated that both diet and exercise, particularly physical-cognitive exercise are involved in cognitive and health benefits. However, the comparative effect of diet, exercise, and combined interventions in postmenopausal women with obesity on cognition and cardiometabolic health is still lacking. Identifying the effective health promotion program and understanding changes in cardiometabolic health linking these interventions to cognition would have important medical implications. This RCT aimed to examine the effect of single and combined interventions of diet and exercise on cognitive function and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women with obesity. METHODS Ninety-two postmenopausal women with obesity were randomly assigned to diet group (intermittent fasting 2 days/week, 3 months), exercise group (physical-cognitive exercise 3 days/week, 3 months), combined group, or control group (n = 23/group). All cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes were measured at baseline and post-3 months. Primary outcomes were executive functions, memory, and plasma BDNF levels. Secondary outcomes were global cognition, attention, language domain, plasma adiponectin levels, IL-6 levels, metabolic parameters, and physical function. RESULTS At the end of the 3-month intervention, the exercise and combined group demonstrated significant memory improvement which was accompanied by significant improvements in plasma BDNF level, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, %body fat, and muscle strength when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Only the combined intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in executive function and increased plasma adiponectin levels when compared to control (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, no cognitive improvement was observed in the diet group (p > 0.05). Significant reduction in cholesterol levels was shown in the diet and combined groups when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Among the three intervention groups, there were no significant differences in all cognitive outcomes and cardiometabolic outcomes (p > 0.05). However, all three intervention groups showed significant improvements in plasma BDNF levels, weight, BMI, WHR, fat mass, and predicted VO2 max, when compared to control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that combined physical-cognitive exercise and dietary intervention are promising interventions to improve cognition and obesity-related complications of postmenopausal women with obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04768725 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) 24th February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntarik Keawtep
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Somporn Sungkarat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- A Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Sirinun Boripuntakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- A Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanachaporn Wichayanrat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Puangsoi Worakul
- Clinical Psychology Program, Faculty of Education, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Songkhla, Thailand
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Wu HY, Huang CM, Hsu AL, Chen CN, Wu CW, Chen JH. Functional neuroplasticity of facilitation and interference effects on inhibitory control following 3-month physical exercise in aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3682. [PMID: 38355770 PMCID: PMC10866924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Preservation of executive function, like inhibition, closely links to the quality of life in senior adults. Although neuroimaging literature has shown enhanced inhibitory function followed by aerobic exercise, current evidence implies inconsistent neuroplasticity patterns along different time durations of exercise. Hence, we conducted a 12-week exercise intervention on 12 young and 14 senior volunteers and repeatedly measured the inhibitory functionality of distinct aspects (facilitation and interference effects) using the numerical Stroop task and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Results showcased improved accuracy and reduced reaction times (RT) after 12-week exercise, attributed to frontoparietal and default mode network effects. In young adults, the first phase (0 to six weeks) exercise increased the activation of the right superior medial frontal gyrus, associated with reduced RT in interference, but in the second intervention phase (six to twelve weeks), the decreased activation of the left superior medial frontal gyrus positively correlated with reduced RT in facilitation. In senior adults, the first six-week intervention led to reduced activations of the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and default mode network regions, associated with the reduced RT in interference. Still, in the second intervention phase, only the visual area exhibited increased activity, associated with reduced RT in interference. Except for the distinctive brain plasticity between the two phases of exercise intervention, the between-group comparison also presented that the old group gained more cognitive benefits within the first six weeks of exercise intervention; however, the cognitive improvements in the young group occurred after six weeks of intervention. Limited by the sample size, these preliminary findings corroborated the benefits of aerobic exercise on the inhibitory functions, implying an age × exercise interaction on the brain plasticity for both facilitation and interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Riviati N, Indra B. Reading Holy Quran Associated With Better Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2024; 10:23337214241239219. [PMID: 38505741 PMCID: PMC10949544 DOI: 10.1177/23337214241239219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: As the global population ages, understanding factors that contribute to better cognitive function in older adults becomes crucial. This systematic review delves into the potential relationship between reading the Holy Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Tripdatabase, Cochrane) to identify relevant studies that were published between 2004 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria were centered on studies exploring the correlation between reading the Quran and cognitive function in older adults. Results: Five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Notably, four of these studies reported a significant correlation between the intensity or duration of Quranic reading and improved cognitive function in older adults. Discussion: The findings imply a potential positive association between engaging with the Holy Quran and cognitive function among the elderly. This relationship holds promise for potential applications in cognitive health interventions for older adults especially for Muslim patients. Conclusion: This review provides evidence supporting the relationship between reading the Holy Quran and normal cognitive function in older adults. The consistent findings underscore the importance of further research to elucidate underlying mechanisms and consider potential implications for cognitive health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Riviati
- University of Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Bima Indra
- University of Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Béraud-Peigné N, Perrot A, Maillot P. Wireless Lighting System: A New Tool for Assessing Cognitive Functions in the Elderly. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:943. [PMID: 37998689 PMCID: PMC10669039 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of aging on cognition have been using the same cognitive tests for decades. A Wireless Lighting System (WLS) could be used to assess cognitive functions in a physically active situation, making the assessment of cognition less isolated and more ecological. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the potential of a WLS for assessing older adults' cognitive functions. It was set up with 15 young (M = 23.47 years old) and 18 older adults (M = 71.44 years old). Their performances were recorded on three WLS tests, designed with the Witty SEM system to assess four main cognitive functions (i.e., inhibition, flexibility, visuospatial short-term and working memory), as well as on three traditional (TRAD) tests (Spatial Span Test, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test). The results show a significant difference between the YOUNG and OLD groups on all WLS test measures (except for WLS flexibility), as well as on all TRAD measures. Additionally, for the OLD group, there were significant correlations between WLS and TRAD test results (r = -0.49 for two measures of inhibition to r = -0.80 for two other measures of inhibition), except for visuospatial short-term memory. However, there was no significant correlation for the YOUNG group (ρ = -0.27 for inhibition to r = 0.45 for visuospatial short-term memory). These WLS tests were valid for assessing the cognitive functions (i.e., flexibility, visuospatial short-term and working memory, inhibition) of older adults and were sensitive to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néva Béraud-Peigné
- Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives, University of Paris Saclay, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France;
- Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives, University of Orleans, 45062 Orleans, France
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris, University Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Alexandra Perrot
- Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives, University of Paris Saclay, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France;
- Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives, University of Orleans, 45062 Orleans, France
| | - Pauline Maillot
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris, University Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France;
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Xue D, Li PWC, Yu DSF, Lin RSY. Combined exercise and cognitive interventions for adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 147:104592. [PMID: 37769394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and cognitive interventions are beneficial for adults with preclinical and clinical dementia, but it is unclear whether the combination of these two components could generate synergistic benefits and what intervention designs would optimize this effect. OBJECTIVES This review aims to compare the effects of combined exercise and cognitive interventions on cognitive, psychological, functional outcomes, and health-related quality of life with the corresponding single approach and control groups in adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. It also aims to identify the optimal intervention design and factors affecting treatment effects. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in ten databases from inception to 23rd November 2022. The methodological quality of studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed to assess the effects of combined interventions relative to the single type of intervention and control groups, with further subgroup analysis to explore the factors affecting treatment effects. Network meta-analyses were used to identify the optimal intervention components. RESULTS Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials involving 2910 participants were included. The results of pairwise meta-analyses indicated that combined interventions were superior to exercise in improving response inhibition, working memory, and delayed recall, but were not superior to cognitive interventions in all outcomes. Combined interventions were superior to active/passive controls in improving global cognition, response inhibition, immediate recall, delayed recall, category fluency, processing speed, and visuospatial ability. Influences of the clinical severity of dementia (mild cognitive impairment vs dementia), combination format (sequential vs simultaneous combination), mode of delivery (group-based vs individual-based vs mixed), training duration (short: ≤12 weeks vs medium: 13-24 weeks vs long: >24 weeks), and types of control (active vs passive control) were not detected. The network meta-analysis results indicated that the optimal intervention components varied across different outcomes, with multimodal exercise combining cognitive training demonstrated the greatest effects among all other combined or single component interventions in improving global cognition. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the advantage of combined interventions over exercise with comparable effects when compared with cognitive interventions in the population with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Full scale multi-arm randomized controlled trials to compare the effects of combined interventions with cognitive interventions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xue
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Polly W C Li
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Doris S F Yu
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Rose S Y Lin
- University of Rochester School of Nursing, New York, USA.
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Gonnord T, Clarys D, Boucard G, Esnard C. Positive impact of social relationships fostered by physical and/or cognitive group activity on older people's quality of life: PRISMA systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1166072. [PMID: 37767210 PMCID: PMC10520714 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1166072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This review identified and examined the research literature on the effect of participating in physical and/or cognitive activities on older people's quality of life, to establish whether the social relationships fostered by these activities can be a vector of better physical, mental and social quality of life. Method A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles/PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science) for articles published between 1975 and 2022 using search terms related to psychosocial, population, and intervention topics. Studies were eligible if they involved older adults, participation in at least one activity (physical or cognitive), and at least one quality of life related outcome measure. Results We selected 20 articles published between 1990 and 2021, the majority concerning studies conducted in English-speaking countries. Ten studies were interventional (introduction of program of activities), and 10 studies were observational (60% quantitative, 40% qualitative). Overall, results revealed a positive impact of the activities on every aspect of quality of life (i.e., cognitive, physical, social, psychological, and quality of life in general). Conclusion The present review confirmed the beneficial impact of practicing physical and/or cognitive group activities on older people's quality of life, but the contribution of social factors and social relationships remains underestimated and not well defined in researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphanie Gonnord
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Département de Psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - David Clarys
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Département de Psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, Poitiers, France
| | - Geoffroy Boucard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Département de Psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Mobilité Vieillissement Exercice (EA6314), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Esnard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, Département de Psychologie, Université de Poitiers, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, Poitiers, France
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Parial LL, Kor PPK, Sumile EF, Leung AYM. Dual-Task Zumba Gold for Improving the Cognition of People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:1248-1261. [PMID: 35679826 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Integrating mental activities with physical exercises (e.g., dual-tasking) may potentially improve cognition in older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study investigated the preliminary efficacy of a new intervention called dual-task Zumba Gold (DTZ) on people with MCI to guide an adequately-powered full-scale trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial with 60 people with MCI assigned to a 12-week DTZ intervention or control group (health education). We hypothesized that DTZ would facilitate significant improvements in global cognition (primary outcome) and other psychological/physical measures at postintervention (T1) and 6-week follow-up (T2). Generalized estimating equations with an intention-to-treat approach were used to evaluate intervention effects. Postintervention qualitative interviews explored the participants' program perceptions. RESULTS Fifty-one participants completed the study, with no adverse events reported. DTZ participants showed significant improvements in global cognition (p < .001, d = 0.75-0.78), executive function (p < .001, d = 0.28-0.33), immediate recall (p < .001, d = 0.50-0.54), delayed recall (p = .003, d = 0.66-0.71), quality of life (p = .027, d = 0.59-0.63), and mobility (p = .005, d = 0.53-0.56) at T1 and T2. There were nonsignificant changes in working memory, depressive symptoms, blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference. Participants conveyed intervention acceptability, including challenges/barriers, enablers, and future recommendations. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS DTZ is a potentially feasible intervention for people with MCI that may improve cognition, quality of life, and mobility. A full-scale trial is recommended for confirmatory evaluation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04788238.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lloyd Parial
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- College of Nursing, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patrick Pui Kin Kor
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Earl Francis Sumile
- College of Nursing, University of the Philippines-Manila , Manila, Philippines
| | - Angela Yee Man Leung
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gómez-Soria I, Cuenca-Zaldívar JN, Rodriguez-Roca B, Subirón-Valera AB, Salavera C, Marcén-Román Y, Andrade-Gómez E, Calatayud E. Cognitive Effects of a Cognitive Stimulation Programme on Trained Domains in Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3636. [PMID: 36834329 PMCID: PMC9967658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Age-related subjective memory complaints (SMC) are a common concern among older adults. However, little is known about the effects of cognitive stimulation (CS) interventions on subjective memory complaints. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of a CS programme on global cognition and cognitive functions of older adults with SMC. A randomised clinical trial was conducted on older adults with SMC, including 308 participants ≥65 years of age assessed 6 and 12 months after the intervention. The assessment instrument was the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35), and all domains of the instrument were assessed. For statistical analysis, the data were analysed using robust ANOVA with means truncated at 20% utilising a two-way repeated measures model, with between (groups) and within (measurements) factors. In post hoc tests, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of exact permutations between groups and Bonferroni correction were applied. In post hoc between-group tests, significant differences were found: (1) post-treatment in MEC-35, temporal orientation, short-term memory (STM), global language and praxis, and language and praxis (p ≤ 0.005); (2) at 6 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, and STM (p = 0.005); (3) at 12 months in MEC-35, global orientation, temporal orientation, STM, global language and praxis, and language (p = 0.005). This study shows benefits in global cognition and orientation, temporal orientation, STM, and language in older adults with SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisioterapia y Dolor, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Research Group in Nursing and Health Care, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), 28222 Majadahonda, Spain
- Physical Therapy Unit, Primary Health Care Center “El Abajón”, Las Rozas de Madrid, 28231 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Salavera
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Education Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Marcén-Román
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Andrade-Gómez
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Tinello D, Tarvainen M, Zuber S, Kliegel M. Enhancing Inhibitory Control in Older Adults: A Biofeedback Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020335. [PMID: 36831878 PMCID: PMC9954520 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidomain interventions based on bio-/neurofeedback have proven useful in improving executive functions. The present study aimed to explore the potential efficacy and feasibility of an intervention that combined Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BF) and Near Infrared Hemoencephalography Neurofeedback (nirHEG-NF) on inhibitory control (IC) of healthy older adults. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the biofeedback group (received a 10-week combined intervention of HRV-BF and nirHEG-NF) and the active control group (received a similar protocol without real-time biofeedback). Besides cognitive outcomes, the study examined pre- and post-changes in autonomic regulation and prefrontal blood oxygenation at rest and during training. Results revealed training-induced inhibitory control gains in one of the two interference tasks, whereas no effect was found on response inhibition. After the intervention, HRV increased in participants with the lowest levels of HRV at baseline. Although older adults increased blood oxygenation during training, no significant pre- and post-changes were found in blood flow oxygenation. These findings not only suggest that HRV-BF and nirHEG-NF potentially improve performance in certain subcomponents of inhibition (i.e., interference vs. response inhibition), but it may also be beneficial for parasympathetic activity in participants with low HRV and for increasing blood flow oxygenation on prefrontal areas during training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Tinello
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-937-93796
| | - Mika Tarvainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability, Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, University of Lausanne, Géopolis Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Pellegrini-Laplagne M, Dupuy O, Sosner P, Bosquet L. Effect of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training on executive functions, baroreflex sensitivity, and pre-frontal cortex oxygenation in healthy older adults: a pilot study. GeroScience 2023; 45:119-140. [PMID: 35881301 PMCID: PMC9315336 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by cognitive decline affecting daily functioning. To manage this socio-economic challenge, several non-pharmacological methods such as physical, cognitive, and combined training are proposed. Although there is an important interest in this subject, the literature is still heterogeneous. The superiority of simultaneous training compared to passive control and physical training alone seems clear but very few studies compared simultaneous training to cognitive training alone. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous exercise and cognitive training on several cognitive domains in healthy older adults, in comparison with either training alone. Thirty-five healthy older adults were randomized into one of three experimental groups: exercise training, cognitive training, and simultaneous exercise and cognitive training. The protocol involved two 30-min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Cognitive performance in several domains, pre-frontal cortex oxygenation, and baroreflex sensitivity were assessed before and after the intervention. All groups improved executive performance, including flexibility or working memory. We found a group by time interaction for inhibition cost (F(2,28) = 6.44; p < 0.01) and baroreflex sensitivity during controlled breathing (F(2,25) = 4.22; p = 0.01), the magnitude of improvement of each variable being associated (r = -0.39; p = 0.03). We also found a decrease in left and right pre-frontal cortex oxygenation in all groups during the trail making test B. A simultaneous exercise and cognitive training are more efficient than either training alone to improve executive function and baroreflex sensitivity. The results of this study may have important clinical repercussions by allowing to optimize the interventions designed to maintain the physical and cognitive health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Pellegrini-Laplagne
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9, Poitiers, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9, Poitiers, France.
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Phillipe Sosner
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9, Poitiers, France
- Mon Stade, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Faculté des sciences du sport, Université de Poitiers, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9, Poitiers, France
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences (EKSAP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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14
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Chuang IC, Chiau HY, Liao WW, Wu YR, Chang CH, Wu CY. Effects of computer-based cognitive training combined with physical training for older adults with cognitive impairment: A four-arm randomized controlled trial. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231203633. [PMID: 37744745 PMCID: PMC10515553 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231203633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Combined physical (PHY) and cognitive (COG) training in sequential (SEQ) and simultaneous (SIMUL) sessions may delay the progression of cognitive impairment. To date, no study has directly compared in older adults with cognitive impairment the effects of COG training, PHY training, SEQ motor-cognitive training and SIMUL motor-cognitve training on specific indices of cognitive performance and activities of daily living (ADL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether SEQ and SIMUL motor-cognitive training can improve treatment outcomes compared with PHY or COG training alone. We also aimed to compare the effects of SEQ versus SIMUL motor-cognitive training on cognitive functions and instrumental ADL (IADL) in older adults with cognitive impairment. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. Eighty older adults with cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to COG, PHY, SEQ or SIMUL training groups. The intervention consisted of 90-min training sessions, totaling 36 sessions. Outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, three subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and the Lawton IADL scale. Results Significant interaction effects between group and time were found in WMS-spatial span (p = 0.04) and WMS-word lists (p = 0.041). For WMS-spatial span, the SIMUL group showed outperformed the COG (p = 0.039), PHY (p = 0.010) and SEQ groups (p = 0.017). For WMS-word lists, the SEQ group improve more than COG (p = 0.013), PHY (p = 0.030) and SIMUL (p = 0.019) groups. No significant differences were found in IADL performance among four groups (p = 0.645). Conclusions Our study showed SEQ and SIMUL motor-cognitive training led to more pronounced improvements in visuospatial working memory or verbal memory compared with isolated COG or PHY training for community-based older adults with cognitive impairment. For enhancing effects on IADL, we suggest the use of sensitive measurement tools and context-enriched cognitive training involving real-life task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Chuang
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
| | - Hui-Yan Chiau
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan
| | - Wan-Wen Liao
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
| | - Chih-Hung Chang
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
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15
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Wu Y, Zang M, Wang B, Guo W. Does the combination of exercise and cognitive training improve working memory in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15108. [PMID: 37065695 PMCID: PMC10100799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive functioning is dependent on working memory and a decline in working memory is the main cause of cognitive aging. Many studies have suggested that physical exercise or cognitive intervention can effectively improve working memory in the elderly. However, it is still unknown whether a combination of exercise and cognitive training (CECT) is more effective than either intervention alone. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effect of CECT on working memory in the elderly. Methods The review was registered in the International Prospective Systematic Review (PROSPERO, CRD42021290138). Systematic searches were conducted on Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The data were extracted according to the PICOS framework. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to perform the meta-analysis, moderator analysis and publication bias testing. Results The current meta-analysis included 21 randomized controlled trials (RCT). Results showed that CECT had a significantly greater impact on working memory in older adults compared to no intervention groups (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.14-0.44], p < 0.01), with no significant difference between CECT and exercise (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI [-0.04-0.35], p = 0.12) or cognitive intervention alone (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.13-0.30], p = 0.44). Furthermore, the positive effect of CECT was moderated by intervention frequency and cognitive state. Conclusions The CECT can effectively improve working memory of older adults, but the effect of CECT compared to single intervention needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Keawtep P, Wichayanrat W, Boripuntakul S, Chattipakorn SC, Sungkarat S. Cognitive Benefits of Physical Exercise, Physical-Cognitive Training, and Technology-Based Intervention in Obese Individuals with and without Postmenopausal Condition: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013364. [PMID: 36293943 PMCID: PMC9603710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and estrogen deprivation have been identified as significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Thus, postmenopausal conditions when paired with obesity may amplify the risks of developing dementia. Physical exercise has been recommended as a primary treatment for preventing obesity-related comorbidities and alleviating menopausal symptoms. This narrative review aimed to summarize the effects of exercise on cognition in obese individuals with and without menopausal condition, along with potential physiological mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement. Research evidence has demonstrated that exercise benefits not only physical but also cognitive and brain health. Among various types of exercise, recent studies have suggested that combined physical-cognitive exercise may exert larger gains in cognitive benefits than physical or cognitive exercise alone. Despite the scarcity of studies investigating the effects of physical and combined physical-cognitive exercise in obese individuals, especially those with menopausal condition, existing evidence has shown promising findings. Applying these exercises through technology-based interventions may be a viable approach to increase accessibility and adherence to the intervention. More evidence from randomized clinical trials with large samples and rigorous methodology is required. Further, investigations of biochemical and physiological outcomes along with behavioral changes will provide insight into underlying mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntarik Keawtep
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanachaporn Wichayanrat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinun Boripuntakul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somporn Sungkarat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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17
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Contreras-Osorio F, Ramirez-Campillo R, Cerda-Vega E, Campos-Jara R, Martínez-Salazar C, Araneda R, Ebner-Karestinos D, Arellano-Roco C, Campos-Jara C. Effects of Sport-Based Exercise Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912573. [PMID: 36231873 PMCID: PMC9566349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise programs of moderate-to-vigorous intensity have been shown to improve the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects of sports-based exercise programs on cognitive performance, particularly executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sports-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted between 1 March and 1 July 2022, to look for published scientific evidence that analyzed different sports programs that may have affected executive function in healthy older adults. Longitudinal studies, which assessed the effects of sports interventions on healthy older adults, were identified through a systematic search of the four principal electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO. A total of nine studies with a total of 398 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on one or more of the following categories: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software to facilitate the analysis of the studies. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. In terms of working memory, a small but positive significant effect was noted for the intervention group compared to the control group (effect size (ES) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04-0.67; p = 0.029; I2 = 36.7%); in terms of inhibition, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.20, 95% CI = -0.42-0.84; p = 0.517; I2 = 78.8%); and in terms of cognitive flexibility, the intervention had a small favoring but no significant effect compared to the control group (ES = 0.39, 95% CI = -0.11-0.89; p = 0.131; I2 = 75.5%). Our findings suggest that healthy older adults should be encouraged to participate in sports to improve their working memory; however, more studies are required in this area to reach more robust conclusions. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42022284788).
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Affiliation(s)
- Falonn Contreras-Osorio
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Enrique Cerda-Vega
- Pedagogy in Physical Education and Health Career, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Araneda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Daniela Ebner-Karestinos
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Cristián Arellano-Roco
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Christian Campos-Jara
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-42057069
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18
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Integrated cognitive and physical fitness training enhances attention abilities in older adults. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 36042247 PMCID: PMC9427998 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preserving attention abilities is of great concern to older adults who are motivated to maintain their quality of life. Both cognitive and physical fitness interventions have been utilized in intervention studies to assess maintenance and enhancement of attention abilities in seniors, and a coupling of these approaches is a compelling strategy to buttress both cognitive and physical health in a time- and resource-effective manner. With this perspective, we created a closed-loop, motion-capture video game (Body-Brain Trainer: BBT) that adapts a player’s cognitive and physical demands in an integrated approach, thus creating a personalized and cohesive experience across both domains. Older adults who engaged in two months of BBT improved on both physical fitness (measures of blood pressure and balance) and attention (behavioral and neural metrics of attention on a continuous performance task) outcome measures beyond that of an expectancy matched, active, placebo control group, with maintenance of improved attention performance evidenced 1 year later. Following training, the BBT group’s improvement on the attention outcome measure exceeded performance levels attained by an untrained group of 20-year olds, and showed age-equilibration of a neural signature of attention shown to decline with age: midline frontal theta power. These findings highlight the potential benefits of an integrated, cognitive-physical, closed-loop training platform as a powerful tool for both cognitive and physical enhancement in older adults.
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19
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Contreras-Osorio F, Ramirez-Campillo R, Cerda-Vega E, Campos-Jara R, Martínez-Salazar C, Arellano-Roco C, Campos-Jara C. Effects of Sport-Based Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091142. [PMID: 36138879 PMCID: PMC9496824 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise programs have proven to exert positive effects on the cognitive performance of older people. However, the specific effects sport-based exercise programs have on cognitive performance, upon executive functions, remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of sport-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults, through a systematic review protocol of the scientific literature, with a meta-analysis. Methods: The search was performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO electronic databases by combining keywords and different medical subject headings (MeSH) to identify and evaluate the relevant studies from inception up until June 2022. This study considers longitudinal studies with at least one experimental group and pre- and post-intervention measurements involving healthy older adults of 60 years of age or older. Studies have to consider one or more measures of executive function, including dimensions of working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, in order to meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this report. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used for methodological quality assessment studies. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to compute the meta-analyses and report effect sizes (ES, i.e., Hedges’ g) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and a statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The ES values were calculated for executive function globally and for each dimension of executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) in the experimental and control/comparator groups using the mean and standard deviation values before and after the intervention period. Conclusions: Our systematic review aims to clarify the effects of sport-based exercise programs on executive functions in older adults. The results may help practitioners and stakeholders to provide better evidence-based decisions regarding sport-based exercise program implementation for older adults, and to help them to optimize cognitive functions during the aging process. Ethical permission is not required for this study. Systematic review registration: this systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42022284788).
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Affiliation(s)
- Falonn Contreras-Osorio
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Enrique Cerda-Vega
- Pedagogy in Physical Education and Health Career, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 7820436, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Cristián Arellano-Roco
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Christian Campos-Jara
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-42057069
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20
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Li K, Cui C, Zhang H, Jia L, Li R, Hu HY. Exploration of combined physical activity and music for patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:962475. [PMID: 36051308 PMCID: PMC9425638 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.962475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be treated in different ways, one of which is combined physical activity and music intervention, which is a non-pharmacological one. This study provided a thorough systematic review on the application of combined physical activity and music intervention in patients with AD. Method Online sources, such as PubMed, Web of Science, SAGE Premier, EBSCO, and Cochrane, published from January 2002 to March 2022 were searched for articles. Reviewer screened articles on inclusion criteria and identified relevant studies. 200 studies were selected as potentially relevant; of these, eight met all the inclusion criteria. Results The systemic review looked at eight studies, two of which had high methodological quality and six were of moderate quality. Various types of research were included: randomized controlled tails, single-subject study, crossover study, and case report. Music intervention was conducted during an exercise program in six studies. A cognitive stimulation was applied with music therapy and physical activities among two studies. The physical activities or movements included balance training, stretching, strengthening, and different sports activities. Outcome assessment, including the Barthel index in two studies and the functional independence measure, was conducted to evaluate the daily functional score. Mental health was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination in three studies. Conclusion Combined physical activity and music intervention are beneficial and improve the cognition, function and well-being of patients with AD. Supporting combined physical and music intervention will play a key role in helping clinical guidelines for both physical therapists and music therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailimi Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - CanCan Cui
- College of Music and Dance, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Luning Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Yu Hu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hao-Yu Hu,
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21
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Li F, Wang L, Qin Y, Liu G. Combined Tai Chi and cognitive interventions for older adults with or without cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Complement Ther Med 2022; 67:102833. [PMID: 35439549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence from the field of cognitive interventions indicates that nonpharmaceutical interventions seem more promising in enhancing cognition. The number of clinical trials that examine the cognitive benefits of combined physical exercise with cognitive intervention on older adults has recently increased. Tai Chi (TC) has been recommended as an effective and safe exercise for older adults aged 60 and over. However, there is a lack of conclusion about whether combined TC with cognitive interventions can show more benefits than a single intervention for older adults. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the effects of combined TC and cognitive interventions on older adults. METHODS PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed papers from inception until November 12, 2021. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 1524 records were generated and nine studies were included. The pooled results showed that combined TC and cognitive interventions showed significantly large gains on memory [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.01, 1.74), P 0.05], moderate gains on cognition [SMD = 0.74, 95% CI:(0.19, 1.29), P 0.05], and small size effects on balance. No statistically significant difference was found in executive function, depression, risk of falls, or well-being. CONCLUSION Combined TC and cognitive interventions have positive effects on improving cognition and balance in older adults, but their superiority over the single intervention, as well as their additional effects on the physical and psychological function, are required further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Nursing Department, Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Qin
- The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiying Liu
- School of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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22
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Makmee P, Wongupparaj P. Virtual Reality-based Cognitive Intervention for Enhancing Executive Functions in Community-dwelling Older Adults. INTERVENCION PSICOSOCIAL 2022; 31:133-144. [PMID: 37361011 PMCID: PMC10268555 DOI: 10.5093/pi2022a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid growth of the older population globally, it is anticipated that age-related cognitive decline in the prodromal phase and more severe pathological decline will increase. Moreover, currently, no effective treatment options for the disease exist. Thus, early and timely prevention actions are promising and prior strategies to preserve cognitive functions by preventing symptomatology from increasing the age-related deterioration of the functions in healthy older adults. This study aims to develop the virtual reality-based cognitive intervention for enhancing executive functions (EFs) and examine the EFs after training with the virtual reality-based cognitive intervention in community-dwelling older adults. Following inclusion/exclusion criteria, 60 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-69 years were involved in the study and randomly divided into passive control and experimental groups. Eight 60 min virtual reality-based cognitive intervention sessions were held twice a week and lasted for 1 month. The EFs (i.e., inhibition, updating, and shifting) of the participants were assessed by using standardized computerized tasks, i.e., Go/NoGo, forward and backward digit span, and Berg's card sorting tasks. Additionally, a repeated-measure ANCOVA and effect sizes were applied to investigate the effects of the developed intervention. The virtual reality-based intervention significantly improved the EFs of older adults in the experimental group. Specifically, the magnitudes of enhancement were observed for inhibitory as indexed by the response time, F(1) = 6.95, p < .05, ηp2 = .11, updating as represented by the memory span, F(1) = 12.09, p < .01, ηp2 = .18, and the response time, F(1) = 4.46, p = .04, ηp2 = .07, and shifting abilities as indexed by the percentage of correct responses, F(1) = 5.30, p = .03, ηp2 = .09, respectively. The results indicated that the simultaneous combined cognitive-motor control as embedded in the virtual-based intervention is safe and effective in enhancing EFs in older adults without cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, further studies are required to investigate the benefits of these enhancements to motor functions and emotional aspects relating to daily living and the well-being of older populations in communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattrawadee Makmee
- Burapha UniversityCollege of Research Methodology and Cognitive ScienceCognitive Science and Innovation Research UnitThailandCognitive Science and Innovation Research Unit, College of Research Methodology and Cognitive Science, Burapha University, Thailand
| | - Peera Wongupparaj
- Burapha UniversityCollege of Research Methodology and Cognitive ScienceCognitive Science and Innovation Research UnitThailandCognitive Science and Innovation Research Unit, College of Research Methodology and Cognitive Science, Burapha University, Thailand
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23
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Audiffren M, André N, Baumeister RF. Training Willpower: Reducing Costs and Valuing Effort. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:699817. [PMID: 35573284 PMCID: PMC9095966 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.699817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrative model of effortful control presented in a previous article aimed to specify the neurophysiological bases of mental effort. This model assumes that effort reflects three different inter-related aspects of the same adaptive function. First, a mechanism anchored in the salience network that makes decisions about the effort that should be engaged in the current task in view of costs and benefits associated with the achievement of the task goal. Second, a top-down control signal generated by the mechanism of effort that modulates neuronal activity in brain regions involved in the current task to filter pertinent information. Third, a feeling that emerges in awareness during effortful tasks and reflects the costs associated with goal-directed behavior. The aim of the present article is to complete this model by proposing that the capacity to exert effortful control can be improved through training programs. Two main questions relative to this possible strengthening of willpower are addressed in this paper. The first question concerns the existence of empirical evidence that supports gains in effortful control capacity through training. We conducted a review of 63 meta-analyses that shows training programs are effective in improving performance in effortful tasks tapping executive functions and/or self-control with a small to large effect size. Moreover, physical and mindfulness exercises could be two promising training methods that would deserve to be included in training programs aiming to strengthen willpower. The second question concerns the neural mechanisms that could explain these gains in effortful control capacity. Two plausible brain mechanisms are proposed: (1) a decrease in effort costs combined with a greater efficiency of brain regions involved in the task and (2) an increase in the value of effort through operant conditioning in the context of high effort and high reward. The first mechanism supports the hypothesis of a strengthening of the capacity to exert effortful control whereas the second mechanism supports the hypothesis of an increase in the motivation to exert this control. In the last part of the article, we made several recommendations to improve the effectiveness of interventional studies aiming to train this adaptive function."Keep the faculty of effort alive in you by a little gratuitous exercise every day."James (1918, p. 127).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Audiffren
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie André
- Research Centre on Cognition and Learning, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Roy F. Baumeister
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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24
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Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, García-Molina A, Tormos JM, Montero-Alía P, Heras-Tébar A, Soriano-Raya JJ, Cáceres C, Domènech S, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Molecular and Brain Volume Changes Following Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive and Combined Training in Physically Inactive Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Adults: The Projecte Moviment Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:854175. [PMID: 35529777 PMCID: PMC9067321 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.854175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral interventions have shown promising neuroprotective effects, but the cascade of molecular, brain and behavioral changes involved in these benefits remains poorly understood. Projecte Moviment is a 12-week (5 days per week—45 min per day) multi-domain, single-blind, proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial examining the cognitive effect and underlying mechanisms of an aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and a combined (COMB) groups compared to a waitlist control group. Adherence was > 80% for 82/109 participants recruited (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47). In this study we report intervention-related changes in plasma biomarkers (BDNF, TNF-α, HGF, ICAM-1, SDF1-α) and structural-MRI (brain volume) and how they related to changes in physical activity and individual variables (age and sex) and their potential role as mediators in the cognitive changes. Our results show that although there were no significant changes in molecular biomarker concentrations in any intervention group, changes in ICAM-1 and SDF1-α were negatively associated with changes in physical activity outcomes in AE and COMB groups. Brain volume changes were found in the CCT showing a significant increase in precuneus volume. Sex moderated the brain volume change in the AE and COMB groups, suggesting that men may benefit more than women. Changes in molecular biomarkers and brain volumes did not significantly mediate the cognitive-related benefits found previously for any group. This study shows crucial initial molecular and brain volume changes related to lifestyle interventions at early stages and highlights the value of examining activity parameters, individual difference characteristics and using a multi-level analysis approach to address these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosalía Dacosta-Aguayo,
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Molina
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - José Maria Tormos
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alía
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Antonio Heras-Tébar
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Mataró, Spain
| | - Juan José Soriano-Raya
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Cáceres
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sira Domènech
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Mataró
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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25
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Migeot J, Calivar M, Granchetti H, Ibáñez A, Fittipaldi S. Socioeconomic status impacts cognitive and socioemotional processes in healthy ageing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6048. [PMID: 35410333 PMCID: PMC9001669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) negatively impacts cognitive and executive functioning in older adults, yet its effects on socioemotional abilities have not been studied in this population. Also, evidence on neurocognitive processes associated with ageing primarily comes from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) populations, hindering the generalization of findings to persons from upper-middle- and low-middle-income countries, such as those of Latin America. Here, we compared the performance of low- and high-SES older adults from Argentina in cognitive state, executive functions, social cognition (emotion recognition and theory of mind), and counter-empathic social emotions (envy and Schadenfreude; displeasure at others' fortune and pleasure at others' misfortune, respectively). Subsequently, we developed a path analysis to test the relationship among those variables in a theoretically plausible model and tested the main paths via multiple regression analyses. Relative to the high-SES group, low-SES older adults showed poorer performance on all assessed domains. Convergent evidence from covariance analysis, path analysis, and linear regressions suggested that low-SES impact on socioemotional processes was not primary but mediated by cognitive and executive impairment. These findings offer the first characterization of SES impacts on cognitive and socioemotional processes in a non-WEIRD population and have relevant equity-related implications for brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Migeot
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mariela Calivar
- Centro de Atención Primaria de la salud Zonda, Ministerio de Salud Pública de La Provincia de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Hugo Granchetti
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
- Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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26
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Jiang J, Guo W, Wang B. Effects of exergaming on executive function of older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13194. [PMID: 35433124 PMCID: PMC9009327 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Executive function (EF) involves a series of high-level processes, such as inhibition, switching, and updating. Aging-related cognitive decline has been shown to be strongly associated with EF worsening. The aims of this study were to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of exergaming, an emerging intervention, on EF performance in older adults and to conduct a moderator analysis of exergaming effects on EF. Methods Randomized controlled trials examining exergaming influences on EF in older adults were collated by searching the Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Statistical data were quantified in Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Overall EF and EF domains (inhibition, switching, and updating) were analyzed separately. Results A total of 15 studies were included. The meta-analysis results indicated that exergaming had a significant influence on overall EF in the older adult (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.349, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.191-0.506], p < 0.001). The same effects were also found in EF domains of inhibition (SMD = 0.415, 95% CI [0.102-0.729], p = 0.009), switching (SMD = 0.243, 95% CI [0.071-0.415], p = 0.005), and updating (SMD = 0.366, 95% CI [0.140-0.592], p = 0.002). The effects of exergaming on overall EF were found to be moderated by the frequency of the intervention (Q(1) = 3.537, p = 0.06). Conclusion Exergaming was confirmed to improve overall EF, as well as in older adults, and the effect of exergaming on EF was shown to be moderated by intervention frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Jiang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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27
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Torre MM, Temprado JJ. Effects of Exergames on Brain and Cognition in Older Adults: A Review Based on a New Categorization of Combined Training Intervention. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:859715. [PMID: 35431905 PMCID: PMC9009337 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.859715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature on exergames has reported inconsistent benefits on brain and cognitive functions. Moreover, it is still unknown whether they yield to equal or superior benefits as compared to other forms of physical exercise. However, until now, a review of exergaming literature was lacking, that would reverse the “product first” approach to replacing it with a “training first” approach that is, an analysis of the different studies based on a detailed description of the type of combined training interventions that was supported by the utilized exergames. In the present review, thanks to a structured framework build around seven interacting constructs (stimuli, settings, targets, markers, outcomes, moderators, and mechanisms), which collectively afford a global picture of the determining factors of exergames training, we aimed to determine whether and under which conditions exergames could be more effective than conventional training. Twenty three studies were finally selected for review and analyzed. We concluded that, in spite of their potential to improve brain and cognition, beneficial factors contributing to exergaming efficacy as well as its underlying mechanisms need to be investigated more systematically thanks to common experimental designs based on gold standards. We proposed some directions in this respect.
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28
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Rieker JA, Reales JM, Muiños M, Ballesteros S. The Effects of Combined Cognitive-Physical Interventions on Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838968. [PMID: 35399365 PMCID: PMC8987130 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that both physical exercise and cognitive training help to maintain cognition in older adults. The question is whether combined training might produce additive effects when the group comparisons are equated in terms of exercise intensity and modality. We conducted a systematic electronic search in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify relevant studies published up to February 2021. Seven hundred and eighty-three effect sizes were obtained from 50 published intervention studies, involving 6,164 healthy older adults, and submitted to a three-level meta-analysis. Results showed that combined training produced a small advantage in comparison to single cognitive training on executive functions, whereas both types of training achieved similar effects on attention, memory, language, processing speed, and global cognition. Combined training achieved higher training gains in balance than single physical training, indicating a transfer from cognitive training to balance. Performing cognitive and physical exercise simultaneously, and interactive training (e.g., exergames, square stepping) produced the largest gains in executive functions, speed, and global cognition, as well as the largest improvements in physical functions. Aerobic training was associated with higher effects in attention and fitness, whereas non-aerobic training produced larger effects in global cognition and balance. For all cognitive and physical outcomes, training resulted more advantageous when performed in a social context, even though individual training obtained similar results in balance as group training.Systematic Review Registration:www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42020175632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Rieker
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Reales
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Muiños
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Ballesteros
- Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Soledad Ballesteros
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29
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Liu W, Li J, Li L, Zhang Y, Yang M, Liang S, Li L, Dai Y, Chen L, Jia W, He X, Lin H, Tao J. Enhanced Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Activity Improves Memory Generalization in APP/PS1 Mice: A Multimodal Animal MRI Study. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:848967. [PMID: 35386301 PMCID: PMC8977524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.848967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory generalization allows individuals to extend previously learned movement patterns to similar environments, contributing to cognitive flexibility. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the disturbance of generalization is responsible for the deficits of episodic memory, causing patients with AD to forget or misplace things, even lose track of the way home. Cognitive training can effectively improve the cognition of patients with AD through changing thinking mode and memory flexibility. In this study, a T-shaped maze was utilized to simulate cognitive training in APP/PS1 mice to elucidate the potential mechanisms of beneficial effects after cognitive training. We found that cognitive training conducted by a T-shaped maze for 4 weeks can improve the memory generalization ability of APP/PS1 mice. The results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that the functional activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus was enhanced after cognitive training, and the results of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed that the neurochemical metabolism of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and glutamic acid (Glu) in mPFC, hippocampus and reuniens (Re) thalamic nucleus were escalated. Furthermore, the functional activity of mPFC and hippocampus was negatively correlated with the escape latency in memory generalization test. Therefore, these results suggested that cognitive training might improve memory generalization through enhancing the functional activity of mPFC and hippocampus and increasing the metabolism of NAA and Glu in the brain regions of mPFC, hippocampus and Re nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Le Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaling Dai
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lewen Chen
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Tao,
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30
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Torre MM, Temprado JJ. A Review of Combined Training Studies in Older Adults According to a New Categorization of Conventional Interventions. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:808539. [PMID: 35177975 PMCID: PMC8844451 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.808539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical and cognitive training are effective to attenuate age-related declines of brain and cognition. Accordingly, interest in interventions that combine physical, motor, and cognitive exercises has recently grown. In the present review, we aimed to determine whether and under which conditions combined training could be more effective than separated cognitive and physical training, thanks to a structured framework build around seven interacting constructs (stimuli, settings, targets, markers, outcomes, moderators, and mechanisms), which collectively afford a global picture of the determining factors of combined training. We concluded that the general principles underlying the effectiveness of combined training were still difficult identify, due to the heterogeneity of the available studies. However, our analysis also suggested that, when they are well-designed and well-conducted, combined training interventions are more effective than separated physical and cognitive training to improve brain and cognition in older adults. Also, we identified still not answered questions, which could be addressed in futures studies. Finally, we showed that the new categorization of combined training could be also applied to review the literature on training with exergames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Torre
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, ISM UMR 7287, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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31
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Shao Z, Hu M, Zhang D, Zeng X, Shu X, Wu X, Kwok TCY, Feng H. Dose‐response relationship in non‐pharmacological interventions for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Nurs 2022; 31:3390-3401. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Shao
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
| | - Dou Zhang
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xianmei Zeng
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xinhui Shu
- Department of Hematology Tumor Hospital of Henan ProvinceAffiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Public Health XiangYa School of MedicineCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing Central South University Changsha China
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32
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Yu RWL, Chan AHS. Meta-analysis of the effects of game types and devices on older adults-video game interaction: Implications for video game training on cognition. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103477. [PMID: 34107433 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Video game training can effectively improve the cognition of older adults. However, whether video game types and game devices influence the training effects of video games remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to access and evaluate the effects of video game types and game devices in video game training on the cognition of older adults. Interestingly, results indicated that mouse/keyboard was superior over other video game devices on perceptual-motor function. The effect size (Hedge's g) for perceptual-motor function decreased by 1.777 and 1.722 when the video game training device changed from mouse/keyboard to driving simulator and motion controller. The effects of cognitive training game and conventional video game were moderated by session length. More well-designed studies are required to clarify the unique efficacy of video game types and devices for older adults with video game training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Wing Lam Yu
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Alan Hoi Shou Chan
- Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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33
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Guo W, Wang B, Smoter M, Yan J. Effects of Open-Skill Exercises on Cognition on Community Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050609. [PMID: 34068726 PMCID: PMC8151174 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Cognitive function may benefit from physical exercise in older adults. However, controversy remains over which mode of exercise is more beneficial. (2) The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of open-skill exercise training on cognitive function in community dwelling older adults compared with closed-skill exercise, cognitive training, and active control. (3) One hundred and sixty participants, aged between 60 and 80 years old, will be recruited from community senior centers in Yangzhou, China and randomly assigned to one of four groups: open-skill exercise group, closed-skill exercise group, mobile game playing group, and active control group. All participants will join a 24-week program involving 50 min sessions three times a week. The primary outcome measure is visuospatial working memory. Secondary measures include subjective memory complaint, attention network, nonverbal reasoning ability, and physical activities. All participants will be measured before, mid-way, and immediately after intervention, and three months later. (4) If successful, this study is expected to provide evidence-based recommendations for older adults to select the most efficient and effective mode of exercise to improve cognitive function. Importantly, the three intervention groups provide an opportunity to separate the cognitive activity component from the physical activity component. Comparison of these components is expected to help elucidate possible mechanisms contributing to the additional cognitive benefit of open-skill exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.G.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.G.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Małgorzata Smoter
- Gdańsk Academy of Physical Education and Sport, 80-001 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China; (W.G.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence:
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34
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Jardim NYV, Bento-Torres NVO, Costa VO, Carvalho JPR, Pontes HTS, Tomás AM, Sosthenes MCK, Erickson KI, Bento-Torres J, Diniz CWP. Dual-Task Exercise to Improve Cognition and Functional Capacity of Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:589299. [PMID: 33679369 PMCID: PMC7928356 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.589299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity are the two most significant modifiable risk factors to impair cognitive function. Although many studies that investigated the cognitive effects of physical exercise and cognitive stimuli in dual-task conditions showed improved cognitive performance, others have not confirmed these findings. The main aim of the present work is to analyze the effects of a dual-task multimodal physical exercise training, at moderate intensity, and cognitive stimulation on cognitive and physical function in healthy older adults. Methods This clinical trial was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-9zrx3d). Here we tested the effects of a dual-task multimodal physical exercise training, at moderate intensity, on cognitive and physical function and quality of life in community dwelling older adults. The training protocol included 24 group sessions, 2/week, per 75 min. Cognition was assessed using CANTAB automated neuropsychological tests and Functional Capacity to Exercise tests. Performance was compared from baseline to post intervention and to a non-exercise control group using Mixed Linear Model for repeated measures. Results Control (CG) and dual-task (DTEx) groups progressed differentially over time on performance of episodic memory, sustained visual attention, functional mobility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs strength resistance, agility, quality of life and dual-task performance with significant improved DTEx performance. Control group did not show any significant changes on these tests except for showing a reduction in dual-task performance. Conclusion We suggest that the dual-task combination of multisensory cognitive stimulation and multimodal moderate physical exercise training, twice a week, may be adopted as an effective program to reduce progression of age-related cognitive decline and improve physical fitness and quality of life on healthy older adults. Clinical Trial Registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9zrx3d -UTN code: U1111-1233-6349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Victor Oliveira Costa
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Josilayne Patricia Ramos Carvalho
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Helen Tatiane Santos Pontes
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mendonça Tomás
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - João Bento-Torres
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Science/João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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