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Kwok MMY, Poon ETC, Ng SSM, Lai MCY, So BCL. Effects of Aquatic versus Land High-Intensity Interval Training on Acute Cardiometabolic and Perceptive Responses in Healthy Young Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16761. [PMID: 36554639 PMCID: PMC9778698 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aquatic high-intensity interval training (AHIIT) on cardiometabolic and perceptive responses when compared to similar land-based exercise (LHIIT) remain unknown. Here, we aimed to (1) establish a matched intensity between mediums and (2) compare the acute cardiometabolic and perceptive responses to the two interventions in healthy young women. Twenty healthy young women performed a stationary running exercise at a matched exercise intensity. The incremental stages, in terms of percentage of heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max), percentage of oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R), percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE), were examined and acute cardiometabolic and perceptive responses were evaluated. The results showed that HR was significantly reduced (AHIIT: W 150 ± 19, R 140 ± 18, LHIIT: W 167 ± 16, R 158 ± 16 p < 0.01) and oxygen pulse (AHIIT: W 12 ± 2, R 10 ± 2, LHIIT: W 11 ± 2, R 9 ± 2 p < 0.05) was significantly increased with AHIIT compared to LHIIT. No significant group differences were observed for the perceptive responses. The comparable results demonstrated by the aquatic and land incremental tests allow precise AHIIT and LHIIT prescriptions. AHIIT had distinct differences in HR and oxygen pulse, despite having no distinct difference from LHIIT for some cardiometabolic and affective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manny M. Y. Kwok
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric T. C. Poon
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shamay S. M. Ng
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew C. Y. Lai
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Billy C. L. So
- Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Monoli C, Tuhtan JA, Piccinini L, Galli M. Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review. Clin Rehabil 2022; 37:791-807. [PMID: 36437591 PMCID: PMC10126456 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221141039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review methods for aquatic exercise monitoring using wearables. Data sources Database search of PubMed, IEEEXplore, Scopus and Web of Science based on keywords, considering articles from the year 2000. The last search was performed on 26 October 2022. Review methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, eligible articles on water exercises were selected and summarized. Further screening process concentrated on studies exploiting wearable devices, organized according to demographics, purpose, protocols, outcomes and methods. A custom critical appraisal questionnaire was applied. Results Out of the 1062 articles identified, 572 were considered eligible and subjected to preliminary synthesis. The final review focused on 27 articles featuring wearable devices applied to aquatic exercises. Four studies were disregarded as they applied wearable devices to determine daily physical activity or for sleep monitoring after training. Summary tables of 23 studies exploiting wearable devices for underwater motion analysis are provided, specifying the investigated parameters, major outcomes and study quality. This review identified four research gaps: (a) the absence of clinical protocols for underwater motion studies, (b) a deficit of whole-body studies, (c) the lack of longitudinal studies monitored via wearable devices and (d) the reliance of underwater studies on measurement and assessment methods developed for land-based investigations. Conclusions This review emphasizes the need for both technological and methodological improvements for underwater motion analysis studies using wearables. We advocate for longitudinal clinical investigations with wearables to substantiate water exercise as an addition or replacement for land-based physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Monoli
- Department of Computer System, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jeffrey A Tuhtan
- Department of Computer System, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Luigi Piccinini
- Scientific Institute “E. Medea” Ass. La Nostra Famiglia, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Galli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Saquetto MB, Dos Santos MR, Alves IGN, Queiroz RS, Machado RM, Neto MG. Effects of water-based exercises on functioning of postmenopausal women: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 166:111875. [PMID: 35764204 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Water-Based Exercise (WBE) versus Land-Based Exercise (LBE) and of WBE versus Non-Exercise in postmenopausal women on muscle strength, agility, flexibility, bone mineral density and aerobic capacity. METHODS We systematically searched in MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO and the Cochrane Library RCT published until May 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included. We analyzed the pooled results using weighted mean differences, standardized mean difference, and 95%CI were calculated. RESULTS Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria; although, sixteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. The studies presented low methodological quality. WBE was more effective than NE for improving muscle strength of knee extension (3.34), knee flexion (2.51), arm curl (6.78 repetitions), VO2Max (4.12 ml/kg), and flexibility (6.38 cm) When comparing WBE with LBE, no significant statistical difference was found regarding muscular strength of lower limbs (1.00), muscular strength of upper limbs (0.47), flexibility (1.95 cm), aerobic capacity (0.82 ml/kg) and lumbar bone mineral density (0.04 g/cm2). CONCLUSIONS WBE promotes significant benefits in muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and flexibility, when compared to no intervention. However, WBE was similar to the LBE for improving muscle strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, agility, and bone mineral density - lumbar in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Bernardone Saquetto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil..
| | | | - Iura Gonzalez Nogueira Alves
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Santos Queiroz
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Universidade Federal do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mathias Machado
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Brazil
| | - Mansueto Gomes Neto
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisioterapia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Energy Consumption of Water Running and Cycling at Four Exercise Intensities. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10060090. [PMID: 35736830 PMCID: PMC9228828 DOI: 10.3390/sports10060090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Water exercise provides a workload in every direction of motion for training in a reduced impact environment. The selection of an appropriate physical activity and an individual exercise prescription are essential to obtain training effects. The aim of the present study was to determine individualised relative exercise intensities at four speeds of motion for water cycling and water running. Running was tested both in buoyancy and with the feet in contact with the bottom of the pool. To this purpose, gas exchanges, heart rate, and blood lactate were measured in each test session. Fourteen active, healthy females (23.2 ± 1.6 years) underwent a dry land maximal incremental protocol to exhaustion on a treadmill and hydrobike (HB); they engaged in water running with ground contact (RC) and water running suspended (RS) tests in a swimming pool at 30, 40, 50, and 60 cycles per minute (cpm), submerged at the individual xiphoid level. The four motion speeds of the three water exercise modalities ranged from 50% to 95% of the maximal heart rate and the maximal oxygen uptake, representing a moderate-to-vigorous training stimulus. RS elicited the lowest oxygen consumption, whereas HB demanded the significantly highest oxygen consumption and presented the highest blood lactate accumulation, with vigorous intensity being reached at 50 cpm and near maximal intensity at 60 cpm. It appears that water cycling could be more suitable for athletic training, whereas water running could be more appropriate for health and fitness purposes.
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Andrade LS, Botton CE, David GB, Pinto SS, Häfele MS, Alberton CL. Cardiorespiratory Parameters Comparison Between Incremental Protocols Performed in Aquatic and Land Environments by Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2247-2270. [PMID: 35486373 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical properties of water cause physiological changes in the immersed human body compared with the land environment. Understanding the magnitude of cardiorespiratory alterations might ensure adequate intensity control during aquatic exercise programs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) parameters during aquatic and land incremental tests. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus) were searched in September 2020. Eligibility criteria included studies in a crossover design comparing aquatic and land incremental tests for healthy individuals with at least one of the following parameters: VO2 (maximal, VO2max; anaerobic threshold, VO2AT), HR (HRmax; HRAT), and RPE (RPEmax; RPEAT). The random-effects meta-analysis included mean difference and 95% confidence interval for VO2 and HR or standardized mean difference for RPE. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was adapted to assess methodological quality. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were eligible and included in the meta-analysis. Aquatic protocols showed lower values compared with land for VO2max (- 7.07 mL.kg-1.min-1; - 8.43 to - 5.70; n = 502), VO2AT (- 6.19 mL.kg-1.min-1; - 7.66 to - 4.73; n = 145), HRmax (- 11.71 bpm; - 13.84 to - 9.58; n = 503), and HRAT (- 15.29 bpm; - 19.05 to - 11.53; n = 145). RPEmax (0.01; - 0.16 to 0.18; n = 299) and RPEAT (- 0.67; - 1.35 to 0.02; n = 55) values were similar between aquatic and land protocols. CONCLUSIONS Our study reinforces the specificity of the environment during incremental tests for prescribing exercises based on physiological parameters as VO2 and HR parameters presented lower values in aquatic protocols than land protocols. Conversely, RPE seems an interchangeable measure of exercise intensity, with similar values during the protocols in both environments. Substantial levels of heterogeneity were present for the VO2max and HRmax meta-analyses, and as such, results should be interpreted with attention. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020212508).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana S Andrade
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia E Botton
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B David
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S Pinto
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Häfele
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine L Alberton
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Luís de Camões Street, No. 625, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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