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Copp T, Pickles K, Smith J, Hersch J, Johansson M, Doust J, McKinn S, Sharma S, Hardiman L, Nickel B. Marketing empowerment: how corporations co-opt feminist narratives to promote non-evidence based health interventions. BMJ 2024; 384:e076710. [PMID: 38355160 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Copp
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kristen Pickles
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenna Smith
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jolyn Hersch
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Minna Johansson
- Global Center for Sustainable Healthcare, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Doust
- Australian Women and Girls' Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shannon McKinn
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sweekriti Sharma
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Brooke Nickel
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Wiser Healthcare, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Pitt H, McCarthy S, Keric D, Arnot G, Marko S, Martino F, Stafford J, Thomas S. The symbolic consumption processes associated with 'low-calorie' and 'low-sugar' alcohol products and Australian women. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad184. [PMID: 38158741 PMCID: PMC10757065 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of commercial actors, practices and processes on the health and wellbeing of women is still not well understood. The alcohol industry has developed a range of products to appeal to new 'health conscious' markets, such as 'low-calorie' and 'low-sugar' products. While these products may have specific appeal for women, there has been little in-depth research that has sought to understand how women conceptualize these products and the range of symbolic meanings that women associate with these products. An online qualitatively led survey was conducted with n = 497 Australian women who had consumed alcohol in the last year. Questions related to the reasons for and influences on alcohol use, the purchasing of 'low-calorie' or 'low-sugar' products and the influence that these products might have on women's alcohol use. Data were interpreted using reflexive thematic analysis. Women consumed alcohol to relax, cope with everyday stressors and because of the alignment with social practices and social connection. Women perceived that these products provided a healthier alternative to traditional alcohol products and that they aligned with women's values relating to weight and the thin ideal. Some women were concerned that these products could increase alcohol consumption by reducing the perceptions of risk associated with alcohol. Policy consideration is needed to address how product claims and attributes may influence population groups' interpretations of the risks and benefits of these alcohol products, including the illusion that these products have protective potential and are better for overall health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pitt
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Simone McCarthy
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Danica Keric
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Level 1/420 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Grace Arnot
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah Marko
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Florentine Martino
- Faculty of Health, GLOBE, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Julia Stafford
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Level 1/420 Bagot Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Samantha Thomas
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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Petticrew M, Glover RE, Volmink J, Blanchard L, Cott É, Knai C, Maani N, Thomas J, Tompson A, van Schalkwyk MCI, Welch V. The Commercial Determinants of Health and Evidence Synthesis (CODES): methodological guidance for systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses. Syst Rev 2023; 12:165. [PMID: 37710334 PMCID: PMC10503085 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) refers to the commercial products, pathways and practices that may affect health. The field is growing rapidly, as evidenced by the WHO programme on the economic and commercial determinants of health and a rise in researcher and funder interest. Systematic reviews (SRs) and evidence synthesis more generally will be crucial tools in the evolution of CDOH as a field. Such reviews can draw on existing methodological guidance, though there are areas where existing methods are likely to differ, and there is no overarching guidance on the conduct of CDOH-focussed systematic reviews, or guidance on the specific methodological and conceptual challenges. METHODS/RESULTS CODES provides guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews focussed on CDOH, from shaping the review question with input from stakeholders, to disseminating the review. Existing guidance was used to identify key stages and to provide a structure for the guidance. The writing group included experience in systematic reviews and other forms of evidence synthesis, and in equity and CDOH research (both primary research and systematic reviews). CONCLUSIONS This guidance highlights the special methodological and other considerations for CDOH reviews, including equity considerations, and pointers to areas for future methodological and guideline development. It should contribute to the reliability and utility of CDOH reviews and help stimulate the production of reviews in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Glover
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Jimmy Volmink
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Cécile Knai
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK
| | - James Thomas
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 20 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Alice Tompson
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | | | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Ghebreyesus TA. Achieving health for all requires action on the economic and commercial determinants of health. Lancet 2023; 401:1137-1139. [PMID: 36966778 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Amson A, Pauzé E, Remedios L, Pritchard M, Potvin Kent M. Adolescent exposure to food and beverage marketing on social media by gender: a pilot study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:33-45. [PMID: 36321517 PMCID: PMC11077454 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to determine if, based on gender, adolescents were exposed to different marketing techniques that promoted food and beverages over social media. DESIGN A secondary analysis of adolescent boy (n 26) and girl (n 36) exposures (n 139) to food and beverage marketing was conducted. Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were conducted to compare the number, healthfulness and the marketing techniques of exposures viewed by boys and girls. SETTING Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-two adolescents aged 12-16 years. RESULTS Boys and girls were exposed to similar volumes of food marketing instances (median = 2 for both boys and girls, Mann-Whitney U = 237, P = 0·51) per 10-min period of social media use. More girls viewed products that were excessive in total fat compared to boys (67 % v. 35 %, P = 0·02). Boys were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring a male as the dominant user (50 % v. 22 %, P = 0·03), appeals to achievement (42 % v. 17 %, P = 0·04), an influencer (42 % v. 14 %, P = 0·02) and appeals to athleticism (35 % v. 11 %, P = 0·03), whereas girls were more likely to view instances of food marketing featuring quizzes, surveys or polls (25 % v. 0 %, P = 0·01). CONCLUSIONS Food and beverage companies utilise marketing techniques that differ based on gender. More research examining the relationship between digital food and beverage marketing and gender is required to inform the development of gender-sensitive policies aimed at protecting adolescents from unhealthy food marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Amson
- University of Ottawa, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Pauzé
- University of Ottawa, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Remedios
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Meghan Pritchard
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Monique Potvin Kent
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, 600 Peter Morand, Room 301J, Ottawa, ONK1N 7K4, Canada
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Hill SE, Johns P, Nakkash RT, Collin J. From silos to policy coherence: tobacco control, unhealthy commodity industries and the commercial determinants of health. Tob Control 2022; 31:322-327. [PMID: 35241606 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-057136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco control has achieved remarkable successes, underpinned by the distinctive norms codified in Article 5.3 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tobacco control's experience in managing conflicts of interest is increasingly recognised as relevant for addressing other non-communicable disease epidemics. At the same time, the wider environmental and social harms of tobacco-and other unhealthy commodity industries-underline the potential for enhanced strategic collaboration across health, development and environmental agendas. Such collaboration is increasingly necessary to address key challenges shared across tobacco control and related policy spheres, including the extent to which the harms of tobacco (and other unhealthy commodities) are underpinned by economic and social inequities. Here we demonstrate the relevance of a commercial determinants of health perspective, both for advancing tobacco control and for linking it with health and development more broadly. This perspective is already evident in many areas of research, policy and advocacy, where innovative approaches support the development of closer links with actors in related fields. We draw on the concepts of policy coordination, coherence and integration to show how tobacco control can advance key strategic goals via information sharing, complementary approaches to common problems and collective action with other related movements. Embrace of a commercial determinants perspective will help in building on tobacco control's successes and reorienting strategies in other sectors to more effectively manage health risks and promote sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hill
- Global Health Policy Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paula Johns
- ACT Promoção da Saúde (ACT Health Promotion), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rima T Nakkash
- Health Behaviour and Education Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jeff Collin
- Global Health Policy Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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Maani N, Collin J, Friel S, Gilmore AB, McCambridge J, Robertson L, Petticrew M. The need for a conceptual understanding of the macro and meso commercial determinants of health inequalities. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:674-675. [PMID: 34137840 PMCID: PMC8505001 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeff Collin
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sharon Friel
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna B Gilmore
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Lindsay Robertson
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium (Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm), Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
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Women, Patriarchy and Health Inequalities: The Urgent Need to Reorient Our Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094472. [PMID: 33922437 PMCID: PMC8122806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Baum F, Musolino C, Gesesew HA, Popay J. New Perspective on Why Women Live Longer Than Men: An Exploration of Power, Gender, Social Determinants, and Capitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E661. [PMID: 33466763 PMCID: PMC7829786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women live longer than men, even though many of the recognised social determinants of health are worse for women than men. No existing explanations account fully for these differences in life expectancy, although they do highlight the complexity and interaction of biological, social and health service factors. METHODS this paper is an exploratory explanation of gendered life expectancy difference (GLED) using a novel combination of epidemiological and sociological methods. We present the global picture of GLED. We then utilise a secondary data comparative case analysis offering explanations for GLED in Australia and Ethiopia. We combine a social determinant of health lens with Bourdieu's concepts of capitals (economic, cultural, symbolic and social). RESULTS we confirmed continuing GLED in all countries ranging from less than a year to over 11 years. The Australian and Ethiopian cases demonstrated the complex factors underpinning this difference, highlighting similarities and differences in socioeconomic and cultural factors and how they are gendered within and between the countries. Bourdieu's capitals enabled us to partially explain GLED and to develop a conceptual model of causal pathways. CONCLUSION we demonstrate the value of combing a SDH and Bourdieu's capital lens to investigate GLED. We proposed a theoretical framework to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Connie Musolino
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Hailay Abrha Gesesew
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5048, Australia;
- Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
| | - Jennie Popay
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
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