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Sturman N, Tran M, Vasiliadis S. Rescuing the profession we love: general practice training sector recommendations for improving the attractiveness of general practice training. A qualitative analysis. Med J Aust 2024; 220:461-465. [PMID: 38699842 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the views of the general practice training sector about responding to recruitment challenges, with the aim of identifying effective initiatives and other solutions. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study; focus group discussion of recommendations from a medical educator workshop. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS An initial online appreciative enquiry workshop for medical educators followed by focus group discussions by a broader selection of people involved in general practitioner training (Royal Australian College of General Practitioners fellows, supervisors, practice managers, medical educators, registrars). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Key overarching themes and major recommendations for increasing recruitment derived from focus group responses to workshop recommendations, based on qualitative descriptive analysis. RESULTS The 26 medical educators at the workshop made four major recommendations: increase the number of student and junior doctor clinical placements in general practice; increase exposure of students and junior doctors to general practitioner teachers and educators; improve general practitioner trainee pay and entitlements; and improve the integration of general practice and hospital patient care and professional relationships. Thirty-four semi-structured focus group participants broadly supported the recommendations, provided that supervisors and training practices were adequately compensated for the effects on workloads, income, and patient care. Two overarching themes infused participant responses: "rescuing the profession we love" (reflecting participants' passion for general practice and their sense of threat), and "no idea what general practitioners do" (perceptions of being misunderstood and misrepresented by hospital-based practitioners). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians, educators, and policy makers should work together to increase the number of high quality, adequately supported student and junior doctor placements in general practice, improve intra-professional relationships, and trial new models of general practitioner trainee payment and conditions.
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O'Sullivan BG, Rodda C. How can we attract more doctors to general practice training? Med J Aust 2024; 220:457-458. [PMID: 38699855 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda G O'Sullivan
- Monash University School of Rural Health, Bendigo, VIC
- The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, Toowoomba, QLD
| | - Christie Rodda
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Beechworth, VIC
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Bentley M, Ralston A, Clarke L, Davey A, Holliday E, Fielding A, van Driel M, Tapley A, Ball J, Fisher K, Spike N, Magin P. General practice registrars training part-time: a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and associations. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2023; 34:244-253. [PMID: 37671661 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2023.2248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
While GPs are working fewer clinical hours and many GP trainees (registrars) do not foresee themselves working full-time in clinical practice, little is known of the epidemiology of registrars training part-time. We aimed to establish the prevalence of general practice part-time training (PTT), and part-time registrars' characteristics and practice patterns. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training project, an ongoing cohort study of Australian GP registrars' clinical experiences over 60 consecutive consultations in each of three training terms. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted with the outcome 'training part-time'. 1790 registrars contributed data for 4,135 registrar-terms and 241,945 clinical encounters. Nine hundred and twenty-two registrar-terms (22%, 95%CI:21%-24%) and 52,339 clinical encounters (22%, 95%CI:21%-22%) involved PTT. Factors associated with PTT were registrar characteristics - female gender, older age, in a later training stage, performing other regular medical work; practice characteristics - working in a higher socioeconomic status area; and patient characteristics - seeing more patients new to the registrar and seeing more patients from a non-English-speaking background. No consultation or consultation action factors were significantly associated with PTT. Registrars, practices, and patient associations have GP training implications. The lack of registrar consultation or consultation action associations suggests there may be limited impact of PTT on patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bentley
- General Practice Training Tasmania (GPTT), Hobart, Australia
| | - Anna Ralston
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Lisa Clarke
- General Practice Training Tasmania (GPTT), Hobart, Australia
| | - Andrew Davey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alison Fielding
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Mieke van Driel
- Faculty of Medicine, General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda Tapley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Jean Ball
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Clinical Research Design and Statistical Support Unit (CReDITSS), New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Katie Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
| | - Neil Spike
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training (EVGPT), Hawthorn, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, Australia
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Parker Magin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- GP Synergy, Regional Training Organisation, NSW & ACT Research and Evaluation Unit, Mayfield West, Australia
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Muecke T, Bacchi S, Casson R, Chan WO. Building a bright future: discussing the weighting of academic research in standardized curriculum vitae for Australian Medical and Surgical Specialty Training College entrance. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:1744-1753. [PMID: 37232265 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Muecke
- Health & Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Bacchi
- Health & Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Neurology Department, Flinders University, South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Robert Casson
- Health & Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Weng Onn Chan
- Health & Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ophthalmology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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O'Sullivan B, Kippen R, Wearne E, Wallace G, Taylor C, Toukhsati SR. Enabling uptake and sustainability of supervision roles by women GPs in Australia: a narrative analysis of interviews. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:398. [PMID: 35606778 PMCID: PMC9128131 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, the proportion of women entering careers in medicine is increasing. To ensure diversity and capacity in the general practice ("GP") supervision workforce, a greater understanding from the perspective of women GPs engaged in or considering the clinical supervision of trainee doctors is important. This narrative inquiry aims to explore the uptake and sustainability of supervision roles for women GPs in the Australian context. METHODS Qualitative interviews with Australian women GPs were conducted between July and September 2021. Women GPs were selected to represent a range of demographics, practice contexts, and supervision experience to promote broad perspectives. Narrative analysis drew on participant perspectives, allowing emergent stories to be explored using story arcs based on the characters, settings, problems, actions, and resolutions. These stories were evaluated by a broad research team and a high level of agreement of the final narratives and counter-narratives was achieved. RESULTS Of the 25 women who enrolled, 17 completed interviews. Six narratives emerged, including: power and control, pay, time, other life commitments, quality of supervision, and supervisor identity. These represented significant intersecting issues with the potential to impact the uptake and sustainability of supervision by women GPs. Some women GPs reported a lack of agency to make decisions about their role in supervision and were not remunerated for teaching. Uptake and sustainability of supervision was constrained by other life commitments, which could be buffered by team-sharing arrangements and a supportive practice. Although adding a burden of time atop their complex and sensitive consultations, women GPs were committed to being available to registrars and supervising at a high standard. To foster high quality supervision, women GPs were interested in up-skilling resources, building experience and harnessing support networks. Women sensed imposter syndrome when negotiating a supervisor identity, which could be managed by explicitly valuing their contribution. CONCLUSION The findings can inform the development of more specific resources, supports and structures to enable women GPs in Australia to uptake and sustain the supervision of trainee doctors at a level they find both acceptable and rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Sullivan
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia
- Monash University, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia
| | - R Kippen
- Monash University, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia
| | - E Wearne
- Eastern Victoria GP Training, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - G Wallace
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia
| | - C Taylor
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia
| | - S R Toukhsati
- General Practice Supervisors Australia, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia.
- Monash University, Bendigo, Victoria, 3550, Australia.
- Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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Misky AT, Shah RJ, Fung CY, Sam AH, Meeran K, Kingsbury M, Salem V. Understanding concepts of generalism and specialism amongst medical students at a research-intensive London medical school. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:291. [PMID: 35436928 PMCID: PMC9017034 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many prominent UK medical organisations have identified a need for more generalist clinicians to address the complex requirements of an aging society. We sought to clarify attitudes towards "Specialists" and "Generalists" amongst medical students and junior doctors at Imperial College School of Medicine. METHODS A survey exploring medical students' beliefs was followed up by qualitative analysis of focus groups of medical students and Imperial-graduate foundation year doctors. RESULTS First year medical students associated specialists with academia and higher income, and generalists with ease of training and job availability. Senior (Years 5/6) medical students associated specialists even more firmly with broader influence and academic work, whilst generalists were assigned lower prestige but the same workload as specialists. The medical student focus group discussed concepts of Generalism pertaining only to Primary Care. In contrast, the foundation year doctor focus group revealed that Generalism was now seen to include some hospital care, and the perception that generalists sat lower in a knowledge hierarchy had been challenged. CONCLUSION Perceptions that Generalism is associated with lower prestige in the medical profession are already present at the very start of medical school and seem to be reinforced during undergraduate training. In early postgraduate clinical practice, the perceived knowledge and prestige hierarchy lessens. These findings can help inform curriculum redesign and the promotion of Generalism as a rewarding career aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Misky
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Ronak J Shah
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Chee Yeen Fung
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Amir H Sam
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Karim Meeran
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Martyn Kingsbury
- Centre for Higher Education Research and Scholarship, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Victoria Salem
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England.
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Padley J, Gonzalez-Chica D, Worley P, Morgan K, Walters L. Contemporary Australian socio-cultural factors and their influence on medical student rural career intent. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:520-528. [PMID: 35384122 PMCID: PMC9542073 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand how contemporary socio-cultural factors may impact medical students' rural career intent. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using data from the national Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Medical students across 18 Australian universities who completed a full academic year of clinical training in rural areas in 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Preferred location of practice post-training reported to be either: (i) a major city; (ii) a regional area or large town; or (iii) a small rural location. RESULTS In total, 626 students completed the survey (70.1% response rate). A small rural location was the most preferred location of practice after graduation for 28.3% of the students (95% CI 21.6-36.0). Four socio-cultural factors were positively associated with a preference for a rural career location: poor health status of rural people, motor vehicle traffic congestion in cities, rural generalist training opportunities in the state and the Royal Flying Doctor Service. Other socio-cultural factors, including specialists' under-employment, Medicare freeze effect on doctors' income, bullying/sexual harassment in hospitals, climate change/natural disasters or recognised rural health personalities did not influence the investigated outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a novel association between contemporary socio-cultural factors and rural career intention in a cohort of Australian rural clinical school students. These findings advocate for further consideration of research exploring socio-cultural factors shaping rural career intent and workforce outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Padley
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Gonzalez-Chica
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Worley
- Prideaux Centre for Research in Health Professions Education, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katrina Morgan
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucie Walters
- Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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McGrail M, O’Sullivan B, Gurney T, Eley D, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S. Exploring Doctors' Emerging Commitment to Rural and General Practice Roles over Their Early Career. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11835. [PMID: 34831590 PMCID: PMC8619547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Producing enough doctors working in general practice or rural locations, or both, remains a key global policy focus. However, there is a lack of evidence about doctors' emerging commitment to these decisions. This study aimed to explore changes in the level of certainty about career interest in working in general practice and working rurally, as doctors pass through various early career stages. The participants were 775 eligible respondents to a 2019 survey of medical graduates of The University of Queensland from 2002-2018. Certainty levels of specialty choice were similar between GPs and specialists up until the beginning of registrar training. At that point, 65% of GPs compared with 80% of other specialists had strong certainty of their specialty field. Consistently (and significantly) less of those working rurally had strong certainty of the location where they wanted to practice medicine at each career time point. At the start of registrar training, a similar gap remained (strong certainty: 51% rural versus 63% metropolitan). This study provides new evidence that career intent certainty is more delayed for the cohort choosing general practice and rural practice than the other options. The low level of certainty in early career highlights the importance of regular positive experiences that help to promote the uptake of general practice and rural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McGrail
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton 4700, Australia
| | - Belinda O’Sullivan
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; (B.O.); (T.G.); (S.K.-C.)
| | - Tiana Gurney
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; (B.O.); (T.G.); (S.K.-C.)
| | - Diann Eley
- Office of Medical Education, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia;
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McGrail MR, O’Sullivan BG. Increasing doctors working in specific rural regions through selection from and training in the same region: national evidence from Australia. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2021; 19:132. [PMID: 34715868 PMCID: PMC8555311 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-021-00678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Grow your own' strategies are considered important for developing rural workforce capacity. They involve selecting health students from specific rural regions and training them for extended periods in the same regions, to improve local retention. However, most research about these strategies is limited to single institution studies that lack granularity as to whether the specific regions of origin, training and work are related. This national study aims to explore whether doctors working in specific rural regions also entered medicine from that region and/or trained in the same region, compared with those without these connections to the region. A secondary aim is to explore these associations with duration of rural training. METHODS Utilising a cross-sectional survey of Australian doctors in 2017 (n = 6627), rural region of work was defined as the doctor's main work location geocoded to one of 42 rural regions. This was matched to both (1) Rural region of undergraduate training (< 12 weeks, 3-12 months, > 1 university year) and (2) Rural region of childhood origin (6+ years), to test association with returning to work in communities of the same rural region. RESULTS Multinomial logistic regression, which adjusted for specialty, career stage and gender, showed those with > 1 year (RRR 5.2, 4.0-6.9) and 3-12 month rural training (RRR 1.4, 1.1-1.9) were more likely to work in the same rural region compared with < 12 week rural training. Those selected from a specific region and having > 1-year rural training there related to 17.4 times increased chance of working in the same rural region compared with < 12 week rural training and metropolitan origin. CONCLUSION This study provides the first national-scale empirical evidence supporting that 'grow your own' may be a key workforce capacity building strategy. It supports underserviced rural areas selecting and training more doctors, which may be preferable over policies that select from or train doctors in 'any' rural location. Longer training in the same region enhances these outcomes. Reorienting medical training to selecting and training in specific rural regions where doctors are needed is likely to be an efficient means to correcting healthcare access inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. McGrail
- The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, 78 on Canning St, Rockhampton, QLD 4700 Australia
| | - Belinda G. O’Sullivan
- The University of Queensland, Rural Clinical School, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba, QLD DC 4350 Australia
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O’Sullivan B, McGrail M, Gurney T, Martin P. Barriers to getting into postgraduate specialty training for junior Australian doctors: An interview-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258584. [PMID: 34673790 PMCID: PMC8530333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical training is a long process that is not complete until doctors finish specialty training. Getting into specialty training is challenging because of strong competition for limited places, depending on doctors' chosen field. This may have a negative impact on doctor well-being and reduce the efficiency of the medical training system. This study explored the barriers of pre-registrar (junior) doctors getting into specialty training programs to inform tailored support and re-design of speciality entry systems. METHODS From March to October 2019, we conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with early-career doctors in Australia, who had chosen their specialty field, and were either seeking entry, currently undertaking or had recently completed various fields of specialty training. We sought reflections about barriers and major influences to getting into specialty training. In comparing and contrasting generated themes, different patterns emerged from doctors targeting traditionally non-competitive specialty fields like General Practice (GP) and other specialties (typically more competitive fields). As a result we explored the data in this dichotomy. RESULTS Doctors targeting entry to GP specialties had relatively seamless training entry and few specific barriers. In contrast, those pursuing other specialties, regardless of which ones, relayed multiple barriers of: Navigating an unpredictable and complex system with informal support/guidance; Connecting to the right people/networks for relevant experience; Pro-actively planning and differentiating skills with recurrent failure of applications. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory study suggests that doctors wanting to get into non-GP specialty training may experience strong barriers, potentially over multiple years, with the capacity to threaten their morale and resilience. These could be addressed by a clearinghouse of information about different speciality programs, broader selection criteria, feedback on applications and more formal guidance and professional supports. The absence of challenges identified for doctors seeking entry to GP could be used to promote increased uptake of GP careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda O’Sullivan
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew McGrail
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiana Gurney
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Priya Martin
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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O'Sullivan B, Gurney T, McGrail M. Selection, training and employment to encourage early-career doctors to pursue a rural postgraduate training pathway. Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:267-271. [PMID: 33982850 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda O'Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tiana Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew McGrail
- Faculty of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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Balasubramanian M, Short S. The Future Health Workforce: Integrated Solutions and Models of Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2849. [PMID: 33799573 PMCID: PMC8001327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The health workforce is a vital aspect of health systems, both essential in improving patient and population health outcomes and in addressing contemporary challenges such as universal health coverage (UHC) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) [...].
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