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Tan XR, Wilson IM, Tay PKC, Win PPS, Song CF, Wee SL. Mapping of technological strategies for reducing social isolation in homebound older adults: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105478. [PMID: 38776697 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homebound older adults (HOAs) are particularly vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness, which engender a poorer physical and mental health, and greater cognitive decline. The purpose of this review is to map the literature to identify potential technological strategies that reduce social isolation in HOAs, and to understand facilitators and barriers for adoption and implementation. METHODS Six databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, EBSCOHost, National Library ProQuest, Web of Science, and the Journal of Medical Internet Research were searched for relevant articles. Peer-reviewed literature published in English from Jan 2014 to Feb 2024 that employed technological strategies applicable to HOAs and assessed social isolation or connectedness as an outcome measure were included. RESULTS 107 studies were reviewed and classified into different technological categories based on their functions and features. A social technology framework encompassing delivery, hardware, software, content, training, and support was conceptualized with core characteristics identified from the reviewed technological strategies. Cost and complexity of technology, and resource commitment were identified as barriers while user-friendliness, content curation and a supportive ecosystem may facilitate the adoption of a technological strategy to address social isolation in HOAs. CONCLUSION There is a need for early and concerted effort to identify HOAs, provide technology training, and empower them to tap on the digital world to complement and/or supplement social interactions. Development of cost-effective and rapid-to-implement technology is vital for HOAs who are at highest risk to social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren Tan
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ingrid M Wilson
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kay Chai Tay
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Phoo Pyae Sone Win
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Cai Feng Song
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Shiou-Liang Wee
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore; Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
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Getson C, Nejat G. Care Providers' Perspectives on the Design of Assistive Persuasive Behaviors for Socially Assistive Robots. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:105084. [PMID: 38880121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this research are (1) to uniquely design assistive behaviors for socially assistive robots using the principles of persuasion from behavioral psychology, and (2) to investigate caregivers' perspectives and opinions on the use of these behaviors to engage and motivate older adults in cognitive activities. DESIGN We developed 10 unique robot persuasive assistive behavior strategies for the social robot Pepper using both verbal and nonverbal communication modes. Robot verbal behaviors were designed using Cialdini's principles of persuasion; nonverbal behaviors included expansive movements of the body. Care providers' perceptions of the quality, strength, and persuasiveness of these robot persuasive behaviors were assessed based on the Perceived Argument Strength Likert scale. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Eighteen formal and informal care providers caring for older adults including those living with mild cognitive impairments participated. METHODS An online survey was designed consisting of short videos of the Pepper robot displaying each behavior. After viewing each video, care providers completed the Perceived Argument Strength Likert scale to evaluate 6 attributes for each behavior. They also provided comments. RESULTS Results show robot assistive behaviors using praise with emotion, along with emotion with commitment were the most positively rated by care providers. Qualitative responses indicate robot body language and speech quality were influencing factors in how a person perceives assistance in human-robot interactions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide new insights into incorporating persuasive strategies into the design of assistive social robot behaviors with the aim of engaging and motivating older adults in an activity. The majority of care providers rated the robot persuasive behaviors positively. In designing a persuasive socially assistive robot for older adults, it is beneficial to display a combination of persuasive strategies, such as praise and commitment with emotion, to address individual users' needs and cognitive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Getson
- Autonomous Systems and Biomechatronics Laboratory (ASBLab), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Goldie Nejat
- Autonomous Systems and Biomechatronics Laboratory (ASBLab), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Karami V, Yaffe MJ, Gore G, Moon AJ, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Socially Assistive Robots for patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 123:105409. [PMID: 38565072 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is challenging for both those affected as well as for their care providers, and caregivers. Socially assistive robots (SARs) offer promising supportive care to assist in the complex management associated with AD. OBJECTIVES To conduct a scoping review of published articles that proposed, discussed, developed or tested SAR for interacting with AD patients. METHODS We performed a scoping review informed by the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for reporting the results. At the identification stage, an information specialist performed a comprehensive search of 8 electronic databases from the date of inception until January 2022 in eight bibliographic databases. The inclusion criteria were all populations who recive or provide care for AD, all interventions using SAR for AD and our outcomes of inteerst were any outcome related to AD patients or care providers or caregivers. All study types published in the English language were included. RESULTS After deduplication, 1251 articles were screened. Titles and abstracts screening resulted to 252 articles. Full-text review retained 125 included articles, with 72 focusing on daily life support, 46 on cognitive therapy, and 7 on cognitive assessment. CONCLUSION We conducted a comprehensive scoping review emphasizing on the interaction of SAR with AD patients, with a specific focus on daily life support, cognitive assessment, and cognitive therapy. We discussed our findings' pertinence relative to specific populations, interventions, and outcomes of human-SAR interaction on users and identified current knowledge gaps in SARs for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Karami
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark J Yaffe
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; St. Mary's Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Genevieve Gore
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - AJung Moon
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada; Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences.
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Rehm M, Krummheuer AL. When a notification at the right time is not enough: the reminding process for socially assistive robots in institutional care. Front Robot AI 2024; 11:1369438. [PMID: 38751575 PMCID: PMC11094262 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2024.1369438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reminding is often identified as a central function of socially assistive robots in the healthcare sector. The robotic reminders are supposed to help people with memory impairments to remember to take their medicine, to drink and eat, or to attend appointments. Such standalone reminding technologies can, however, be too demanding for people with memory injuries. In a co-creation process, we developed an individual reminder robot together with a person with traumatic brain injury and her care personnel. During this process, we learned that while current research describe reminding as a prototypical task for socially assistive robots, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a reminder nor that it is based on complex sequences of interactions that evolve over time and space, across different actions, actors and technologies. Based on our data from the co-creation process and the first deployment, we argue for a shift towards a sequential and socially distributed character of reminding. Understanding socially assistive robots as rehabilitative tools for people with memory impairment, they need to be reconsidered as interconnected elements in institutional care practices instead of isolated events for the remindee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rehm
- Technical Faculty of IT and Design, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Schneider C, Nißen M, Kowatsch T, Vinay R. Impact of digital assistive technologies on the quality of life for people with dementia: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080545. [PMID: 38341210 PMCID: PMC10862336 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital assistive technologies (DATs) have emerged as promising tools to support the daily life of people with dementia (PWD). Current research tends to concentrate either on specific categories of DATs or provide a generic view. Therefore, it is of essence to provide a review of different kinds of DATs and how they contribute to improving quality of life (QOL) for PWD. DESIGN Scoping review using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and recommendations from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2013 to May 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Completed scientific literature with a primary focus on DATs for PWD, perspectives of caregivers, family members or healthcare workers in relation to a PWD, people living in diverse settings and all severities of dementia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Screening and data extraction were conducted, followed by quantitative and qualitative analyses using thematic analysis principles and Digital Therapeutics Alliance categories for DAT grouping. RESULTS The literature search identified 6083 records, with 1056 duplicates. After screening, 4560 full texts were excluded, yielding 122 studies of different designs. The DATs were categorised into digital therapeutics (n=109), patient monitoring (n=30), digital diagnostics (n=2), care support (n=2) and health system clinical software (n=1). These categories were identified to impact various aspects of QOL: preserving autonomy, engagement, and social interaction, health monitoring and promotion, improving activities of daily living, improving cognition, maintaining dignity, managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and safety/surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Various DATs offer extensive support, elevating the QOL of PWD. Digital therapeutics are predominantly used for ageing-in-place and independent living through assistance with daily tasks. Future research should focus on less-represented digital health technology categories, such as care support, health & wellness or software solutions. Observing ongoing DAT developments and their long-term effects on QOL remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schneider
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcia Nißen
- University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kowatsch
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Technology Management, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rasita Vinay
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ide H, Suwa S, Akuta Y, Kodate N, Tsujimura M, Ishimaru M, Shimamura A, Kitinoja H, Donnelly S, Hallila J, Toivonen M, Bergman-Kärpijoki C, Takahashi E, Yu W. Developing a model to explain users' ethical perceptions regarding the use of care robots in home care: A cross-sectional study in Ireland, Finland, and Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105137. [PMID: 37541051 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, research on ethical issues regarding care robots for older adults, family caregivers, and care workers has not progressed sufficiently. This study aimed to build a model that universally explains the relationship between the use of care robots and ethical awareness, such as regarding personal information and privacy protection in home care. We examined data obtained from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Japan (n=528), Ireland (n=296), and Finland (n=180). We performed a confirmatory factor analysis by using responses to 11 items related to the ethical use of care robots. We evaluated the model based on the chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio, the comparative fit index, and the root mean square error of approximation. Subsequently, we compared the model with the Akaike's information criterion. Ten items were adopted in the final model. There were 4 factors in the model: 'acquisition of personal information', 'use of personal information for medical and long-term care', 'secondary use of personal information', and 'participation in research and development'. All factor loadings of the final model ranged between 0.63 and 0.92, which were greater than 0.6, showing that the factors had a high influence on the model. The final model was applied to each country; the fit was relatively good in Finland and poor in Ireland. Although the three countries have different geographies, cultures, demographics, and systems, this study showed that the impact of ethical issues regarding the use of care robots in home care can be universally explained by the same model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Ide
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo
| | - Sayuri Suwa
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Division of Innovative Nursing for Life Course, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University.
| | - Yumi Akuta
- Division of Nursing, Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University
| | - Naonori Kodate
- UCD School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, University College Dublin
| | - Mayuko Tsujimura
- Division of Visiting Nursing, School of Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Mina Ishimaru
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Division of Innovative Nursing for Life Course, Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University
| | - Atsuko Shimamura
- Division of Community Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Toho University
| | | | - Sarah Donnelly
- UCD School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice, University College Dublin
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenwei Yu
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University
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Bradley L, Shanker S, Murphy J, Fenge LA, Heward M. Effectiveness of digital technologies to engage and support the wellbeing of people with dementia and family carers at home and in care homes: A scoping review. DEMENTIA 2023:14713012231178445. [PMID: 37235791 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231178445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Use of digital technologies to support meaningful engagement of people with dementia and carers increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this scoping review was to determine the effectiveness of digital technologies in supporting the engagement and wellbeing of people with dementia and family carers at home and in care homes. Studies published in peer reviewed literature were identified across four databases (CINAHL, Medline, PUBMED, PsychINFO). Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that digital technologies can potentially support the wellbeing of people with dementia and family carers, although only a few studies had measured impact on wellbeing, as many were reporting on technology at proof-of-concept stage rather than commercially ready products. Moreover, current studies lacked meaningful involvement of people with dementia, family carers, and care professionals in the design of the technology. Future research should bring together people with dementia, family carers, care professionals and designers to coproduce digital technologies with researchers and evaluate them using robust methodologies. Codesign should start early in the intervention development phase and continue until implementation. There is a need for real world applications that nurture social relationships by focusing on how digital technologies can support more personalised, adaptive forms of care. Developing the evidence base to identify what makes digital technologies effective in supporting the wellbeing of people with dementia is crucial. Future interventions should therefore consider the needs and preferences of people with dementia, their families, and professional carers, as well as the suitability and sensitivity of wellbeing outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Bradley
- Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Shanti Shanker
- Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Jane Murphy
- Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Lee-Ann Fenge
- Centre for Seldom Heard Voices, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Michelle Heward
- Ageing and Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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Fardeau E, Senghor AS, Racine E. The Impact of Socially Assistive Robots on Human Flourishing in the Context of Dementia: A Scoping Review. Int J Soc Robot 2023; 15:1-51. [PMID: 37359430 PMCID: PMC10115607 DOI: 10.1007/s12369-023-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Socially assistive robots are being developed and tested to support social interactions and assist with healthcare needs, including in the context of dementia. These technologies bring their share of situations where moral values and principles can be profoundly questioned. Several aspects of these robots affect human relationships and social behavior, i.e., fundamental aspects of human existence and human flourishing. However, the impact of socially assistive robots on human flourishing is not yet well understood in the current state of the literature. We undertook a scoping review to study the literature on human flourishing as it relates to health uses of socially assistive robots. Searches were conducted between March and July 2021 on the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO. Twenty-eight articles were found and analyzed. Results show that no formal evaluation of the impact of socially assistive robots on human flourishing in the context of dementia in any of the articles retained for the literature review although several articles touched on at least one dimension of human flourishing and other related concepts. We submit that participatory methods to evaluate the impact of socially assistive robots on human flourishing could open research to other values at stake, particularly those prioritized by people with dementia which we have less evidence about. Such participatory approaches to human flourishing are congruent with empowerment theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fardeau
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Abdou Simon Senghor
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Eric Racine
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
- Department of Medicine and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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Leung T, Eysenbach G, Sueur C, Racin C. Use of Digital Technologies to Maintain Older Adults' Social Ties During Visitation Restrictions in Long-Term Care Facilities: Scoping Review. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e38593. [PMID: 36599164 PMCID: PMC9924058 DOI: 10.2196/38593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies were implemented to address the disruption of long-term care facility residents' socialization needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review regarding this topic is needed to inform public policy, facility managers, family caregivers, and nurses and allied health professionals involved in mediating the use of digital devices for residents' social ties. OBJECTIVE Our study outlines key concepts, methodologies, results, issues, and gaps in articles published during pandemic-related visitation restrictions. METHODS Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol, a scoping review was conducted by searching 3 database aggregator platforms (EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed) for studies published in peer-reviewed journals from early 2020 to the end of June 2021, when the most stringent restrictions were in place. We included qualitative and quantitative studies, reviews, commentaries, viewpoints, and letters to the editors in French or English focusing on digital technologies aiming to support the social contact of residents in long-term care facilities during pandemic-related visitation restrictions. RESULTS Among 763 screened articles, 29 met our selection criteria. For each study, we characterized the (1) authors, title, and date of the publication; (2) country of the first author; (3) research fields; (4) article type; and (5) type of technology mentioned. The analysis distinguished 3 main themes emerging from the literature: (1) impact and expectations of remote social contact on the physical and mental health and well-being of the residents (n=12), (2) with whom or what the social contact took place (n=17), and (3) limitations and barriers to significant social contact related to digital technologies (n=14). The results first underlined the highly positive impact expected by the authors of the digital technologies on health and quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. Second, they highlighted the plurality of ties to consider, since social contact takes place not only with family caregivers to maintain contact but also for other purposes (end-of-life videoconferences) and with other types of contact (eg, with staff and robots). Third, they exposed the limitations and barriers to significant contact using digital technologies and outlined the required conditions to enable them. CONCLUSIONS The review demonstrated the opportunities and risks outlined by the literature about the implementation of digital technologies to support remote social contact. It showed the plurality of ties to consider and revealed the need to evaluate the positive impact of remote contact from the residents' perspectives. Therefore, to go beyond the risk of digital solutionism, there is a need for studies considering the holistic impact on health regarding the implementation of digital technologies, including the meaning residents give to interpersonal exchanges and the organizational constraints. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registries osf.io/yhpx3; https://osf.io/yhpx3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric Sueur
- Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (UMR 7178), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Anthropolab, Ethics on experiments, Transhumanism, Human Interactions, Care & Society (EA 7446), Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Céline Racin
- Subjectivité, Lien Social et Modernité (EA 3071), Faculté de psychologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie Clinique (EA 653), Institut de psychologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
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Liao YJ, Jao YL, Boltz M, Adekeye OT, Berish D, Yuan F, Zhao X. Use of a Humanoid Robot in Supporting Dementia Care: A Qualitative Analysis. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231179528. [PMID: 37324571 PMCID: PMC10265350 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231179528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment significantly affects independence in persons with dementia, and consistent supervision is often needed. While interest has arisen in using humanoid robots, such as Pepper, to assist with daily caregiving activities, little is known about the perceptions of using Pepper to assist people with dementia. Objective This study aimed to explore the perceptions of nonhealthcare workers, care partners, and healthcare workers on the use of a Pepper robot in dementia care. Methods This was a secondary qualitative analysis. Data were collected from a pilot study conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 using an online survey. The survey consisted of quantitative and qualitative questions; this study only focused on the qualitative responses. The detailed procedures and the quantitative results were published elsewhere. Participants included nonhealthcare workers, care partners, and healthcare workers. Results A total of 194 participants responded to the open-ended question. Participants described potential benefits of Pepper including assisting with daily activities, monitoring safety and medication use, initiating reminders, and promoting activities and social interactions. Participants had concerns about privacy, cost, poor acceptance/trust, Pepper making mistakes, limitations in environmental navigation and responding to emergencies, misuse of Pepper, and Pepper replacing humans. Participants suggested that Pepper should be tailored to each individual's background, preferences, and functions and recommended improving the logistics of using Pepper, offering more emotional support and responses, and using a more natural appearance and voice. Conclusion Pepper may support dementia care; yet some concerns need to be addressed. Future research should consider incorporating these comments when designing robots for dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Jen Liao
- Pennsylvania State University, Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ying-Ling Jao
- Pennsylvania State University, Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marie Boltz
- Pennsylvania State University, Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Olayemi Timothy Adekeye
- Pennsylvania State University, Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Diane Berish
- Pennsylvania State University, Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fengpei Yuan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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11
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Sohn M, Yang J, Sohn J, Lee JH. Digital healthcare for dementia and cognitive impairment: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 140:104413. [PMID: 36821951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, are a global health problem. Digital healthcare technology is an innovative management tool for delaying the progression of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Thanks to digital technology, the possibility of safe and effective care for patients at home and in the community is increasing, even in situations that threaten the continuity of care, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is difficult to select appropriate technology and alternatives due to the lack of comprehensive reviews on the types and characteristics of digital technology for cognitive impairment, including their effects and limitations. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the types of digital healthcare technology for dementia and mild cognitive impairment and comprehensively examine how its outcome measures were constructed in line with each technology's purpose. METHODS According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a literature search was conducted in August 2021 using Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, and Cochrane library. The search terms were constructed based on Population-Concept-Context mnemonic: 'dementia', 'cognitive impairment', and 'cognitive decline'; digital healthcare technology, such as big data, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robots, applications, and so on; and the outcomes of digital technology, such as accuracy of diagnosis and physical, mental, and social health. After grasping overall research trends, the literature was classified and analysed in terms of the type of service users and technology. RESULTS In total, 135 articles were selected. Since 2015, an increase in literature has been observed, and various digital healthcare technologies were identified. For people with mild cognitive impairment, technology for predicting and diagnosing the onset of dementia was studied, and for people with dementia, intervention technology to prevent the deterioration of health and induce significant improvement was considered. Regarding caregivers, many studies were conducted on monitoring and daily living assistive technologies that reduce the burden of care. However, problems such as data collection, storage, safety, and the digital divide persisted at different intensities for each technology type. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that appropriate technology options and considerations may differ depending on the characteristics of users. It also emphasises the role of humans in designing and managing technology to apply digital healthcare technology more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Sohn
- Division of Health and Medical Sciences, The Cyber University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JungYeon Yang
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Sohn
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyup Lee
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
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Anderson M, Menon R, Oak K, Allan L. The use of technology for social interaction by people with dementia: A scoping review. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000053. [PMID: 36812560 PMCID: PMC9931370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
People with dementia (PwD) are at risk of experiencing loneliness, which is associated with physical and mental health difficulties [1]. Technology is a possible tool to increase social connection and reduce loneliness. This scoping review aims to examine the current evidence regarding the use of technology to reduce loneliness in PwD. A scoping review was carried out. Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane database, NHS Evidence, Trials register, Open Grey, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore were searched in April 2021. A sensitive search strategy was constructed using combinations of free text and thesaurus terms to retrieve articles about dementia, technology and social-interaction. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Paper quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and results reported according to PRISMA guidelines [2,3]. 73 papers were identified publishing the results of 69 studies. Technological interventions included robots, tablets/computers and other forms of technology. Methodologies were varied and limited synthesis was possible. There is some evidence that technology is a beneficial intervention to reduce loneliness. Important considerations include personalisation and the context of the intervention. The current evidence is limited and variable; future research is warranted including studies with specific loneliness outcome measures, studies focusing on PwD living alone, and technology as part of intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Anderson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Menon
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bodmin, United Kingdom
| | - Katy Oak
- Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Allan
- Centre for Research into Ageing and Cognitive Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Yu C, Sommerlad A, Sakure L, Livingston G. Socially assistive robots for people with dementia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of feasibility, acceptability and the effect on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101633. [PMID: 35462001 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in using robots to support dementia care but little consensus on the evidence for their use. The aim of the study is to review evidence about feasibility, acceptability and clinical effectiveness of socially assistive robots used for people with dementia. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINHAL, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, and EI Engineering Village from inception to 04 - 02-2022 - included primary studies assessing feasibility, acceptability, or effectiveness of socially assistive robots for people with dementia. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, and assessed quality. Narrative synthesis prioritized higher quality studies, and random-effect meta-analyses compared robots with usual care (UC) or active control (AC) immediately after the intervention (short-term; ST) or long-term (LT) on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. FINDINGS 66 studies and four categories of robots were eligible: Companion robots (Pet and humanoid companion robots), telepresence communication robots, homecare assistive robots and multifunctional robots. PARO (companion robot seal) was feasible and acceptable but limited by its weight, cost, and sound. On meta-analysis, PARO had no ST or LT compared to UC or AC over 5-12 weeks on agitation (ST vs UC, 4 trials, 153 participants: pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.25; - 0.57 to 0.06; LT vs UC; 2 trials, 77 participants, SMD = -0.24; - 0.94, 0.46), cognition (ST vs UC, 3 trials, 128 participants: SMD= 0.03; -0.32, 0.38), overall neuropsychiatric symptoms (ST vs UC, 3 trials, 169 participants: SMD= -0.01; -0.32, 0.29; ST vs AC, 2 trials, 145 participants: SMD =0.02, -0.71, 0.85), apathy (ST vs AC, 2 trials, 81 participants: SMD= 0.14; 0.29, 0.58), depression (ST vs UC, 4 trials, 181 participants; SMD= 0.08; -0.52, 0.69; LT vs UC: 2 trials, 77 participants: SMD =0.01; -0.75, 0.77), anxiety (ST vs UC: 2 trials, 104 participants, SMD= 0.24; -0.85, 1.33) and quality of life (ST vs UC, 2 trials, 127 participants: SMD=-0.05; -0.52, 0.42; ST vs AC: 2 trials, 159 participants, SMD =-0.36, -0.76, 0.05). Robotic animals, humanoid companion robots, telepresence robots and multifunctional robots were feasible and acceptable. However, humanoid companion robots have speech recognition problems, and telepresence robots and multifunctional robots were often difficult to use. There was mixed evidence about the feasibility of homecare robots. There was little evidence on any of these robots' effectiveness. CONCLUSION Although robots were generally feasible and acceptable, there is no clear evidence that people with dementia derive benefit from robots for cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, or quality of life. We recommend that future research should use high quality designs to establish evidence of effectiveness.
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Guemghar I, Pires de Oliveira Padilha P, Abdel-Baki A, Jutras-Aswad D, Paquette J, Pomey MP. Social Robot Interventions in Mental Health Care and Their Outcomes, Barriers, and Facilitators: Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e36094. [PMID: 35438639 PMCID: PMC9066335 DOI: 10.2196/36094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social robots as innovative therapeutic tools has been increasingly explored in recent years in an effort to address the growing need for alternative intervention modalities in mental health care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to identify and describe social robot interventions in mental health facilities and to highlight their outcomes as well as the barriers and facilitators to their implementation. METHODS A scoping review of the literature published since 2015 was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO databases were searched, and 2239 papers were retrieved. The papers included were primary empirical studies published in peer-reviewed literature. Eligible studies were set in mental health facilities and they included participants with a known mental health disorder. The methodological quality of the included papers was also assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS A total of 30 papers met the eligibility criteria for this review. Studies involved participants with dementia, cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and an intellectual disability. The outcomes studied included engagement, social interaction, emotional state, agitation, behavior, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The methodological weaknesses of the studies conducted this far and the lack of diversity in the conditions studied limit the generalizability of the results. However, despite the presence of certain barriers to their implementation (eg, technical problems, unsuitable environment, staff resistance), social robot interventions generally show positive effects on patients with mental health disorders. Studies of stronger methodological quality are needed to further understand the benefits and the place of social robots in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Guemghar
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesseca Paquette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Pascale Pomey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Excellence pour le Partenariat avec les Patients et le Public, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Gestion, Évaluation et Politique de Santé, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Thangavel G, Memedi M, Hedström K. Customized Information and Communication Technology for Reducing Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Adults: Scoping Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e34221. [PMID: 35254273 PMCID: PMC8938833 DOI: 10.2196/34221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancements in science and various technologies have resulted in people having access to better health care, a good quality of life, and better economic situations, enabling humans to live longer than ever before. Research shows that the problems of loneliness and social isolation are common among older adults, affecting psychological and physical health. Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in alleviating social isolation and loneliness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to explore ICT solutions for reducing social isolation or loneliness among older adults, the purpose of ICT solutions, and the evaluation focus of these solutions. This study particularly focuses on customized ICT solutions that either are designed from scratch or are modifications of existing off-the-shelf products that cater to the needs of older adults. METHODS A scoping literature review was conducted. A search across 7 databases, including ScienceDirect, Association for Computing Machinery, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science, was performed, targeting ICT solutions for reducing and managing social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Articles published in English from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS From the review of 39 articles, we identified 5 different purposes of customized ICT solutions focusing on reducing social isolation and loneliness. These were social communication, social participation, a sense of belonging, companionship, and feelings of being seen. The mapping of purposes of ICT solutions with problems found among older adults indicates that increasing social communication and social participation can help reduce social isolation problems, whereas fulfilling emotional relationships and feeling valued can reduce feelings of loneliness. In terms of customized ICT solution types, we found the following seven different categories: social network, messaging services, video chat, virtual spaces or classrooms with messaging capabilities, robotics, games, and content creation and management. Most of the included studies (30/39, 77%) evaluated the usability and acceptance aspects, and few studies (11/39, 28%) focused on loneliness or social isolation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the importance of discussing and managing social isolation and loneliness as different but related concepts and emphasizes the need for future research to use suitable outcome measures for evaluating ICT solutions based on the problem. Even though a wide range of customized ICT solutions have been developed, future studies need to explore the recent emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things and augmented or virtual reality, to tackle social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Furthermore, future studies should consider evaluating social isolation or loneliness while developing customized ICT solutions to provide more robust data on the effectiveness of the solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomathi Thangavel
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mevludin Memedi
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Hedström
- Centre for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University School of Business, Örebro, Sweden
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Devi R, Gordon A, Dening T. Enhancing the Quality of Care in Long-Term Care Settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031409. [PMID: 35162431 PMCID: PMC8834779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Devi
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Nurturing Innovation in Care Home Excellence in Leeds (NICHE-Leeds), Leeds, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (T.D.)
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration-East Midlands (ARC-EM), Nottingham, UK
| | - Tom Dening
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (T.D.)
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Dinesen B, Hansen HK, Grønborg GB, Dyrvig AK, Leisted SD, Stenstrup H, Skov Schacksen C, Oestergaard C. ‘Hi Robot!’ – use of a social robot for persons with dementia: An exploratory study (Preprint). JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2022; 9:e36505. [PMID: 35916689 PMCID: PMC9379791 DOI: 10.2196/36505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 50 million people worldwide are living with dementia. Social robots have been developed and tested to determine whether they improve the quality of life for persons with dementia. A new mobile social robot called LOVOT has artificial intelligence and sensor technologies built in. LOVOT, which is manufactured in Japan, has not yet been tested for use by persons with dementia. Objective This study aimed to explore how the social robot LOVOT interacts with persons with dementia and how health care professionals experience working with LOVOT in their interaction with persons with dementia. Methods The study was carried out at 3 nursing homes in Denmark, all with specialized units for persons with dementia. The interaction between the persons with dementia and LOVOT was tested in both individual sessions for 4 weeks and group sessions for 12 weeks. A total of 42 persons were included in the study, of which 12 were allocated to the individual sessions. A triangulation of data collection techniques was used: the World Health Organization-5 questionnaire, face scale, participant observation, and semistructured focus group interviews with health care professionals (n=3). Results There were no clinically significant changes in the well-being of the persons with dementia followed in the individual or group interaction sessions over time. The results from the face scale showed that in both the individual and group sessions, persons with dementia tended to express more positive facial expressions after the sessions. Findings on how persons with dementia experienced their interaction with LOVOT can be stated in terms of the following themes: LOVOT opens up communication and interaction; provides entertainment; creates a breathing space; is accepted and creates joy; induces feelings of care; can create an overstimulation of feelings; is not accepted; is perceived as an animal; is perceived as being nondemanding; and prevents touch deprivation. Findings regarding the health care professionals’ experiences using LOVOT were as follows: the artificial behavior seems natural; and it is a communication tool that can stimulate, create feelings of security, and open up communication. Our findings indicate that the social robot is a tool that can be used in interactions with persons with dementia. Conclusions The LOVOT robot is the next generation of social robots with advanced artificial intelligence. The vast majority of persons with dementia accepted the social robot LOVOT. LOVOT had positive effects, opened up communication, and facilitated interpersonal interaction. Although LOVOT did not create noticeable effects on social well-being, it gave individual persons a respite from everyday life. Some residents were overstimulated by emotions after interacting with LOVOT. Health care professionals accepted the social robot and view LOVOT as a new tool in the work with persons with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Dinesen
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Helle Kidde Hansen
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gry Bruun Grønborg
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne-Kirstine Dyrvig
- The Danish Clinical Quality Program, National Clinical Registries, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie Dalskov Leisted
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Stenstrup
- The Innovation Department for the Elderly, Aalborg Municipality, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Skov Schacksen
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Claus Oestergaard
- Laboratory for Welfare Technologies - Digital Health & Rehabilitation, Sports Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department for Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Lin YC, Fan J, Tate JA, Sarkar N, Mion LC. Use of robots to encourage social engagement between older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 43:97-103. [PMID: 34847509 PMCID: PMC8821416 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We designed a robotic architecture system within a commercially available socially assistive robot to engage pairs of older adults in multimodal activities over 3 weeks for 6 sessions. The study took place in two assisted living facilities. Seven pairs (14 individuals) completed the experiment. Ages ranged from 70 to 90 years with a mean age of 83.0 (± 6.1). Most were women (79%). Three adults were screened as having normal cognition, 10 had mild cognitive impairment, and 1 adult self-reported a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. All sessions were video recorded and analyzed using Noldus Observer XT. Individuals demonstrated high levels of both human-human interaction and human-robot interaction, but the activity influenced the type of interaction. Engagement measures (visual, verbal, behavioral) also varied by type of activity. Future studies will focus on further development of activities that can engage older adults with varying levels of cognitive impairment and apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Lin
- At the time of the study, Research Assistant at the Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus OH
| | - Jing Fan
- At the time of the study, Research Assistant at Vanderbilt University Electrical and Engineering and Computer Science Department, Nashville TN
| | - Judith A. Tate
- Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus OH
| | - Nilanjan Sarkar
- David K. Wilson Professor of Engineering at Vanderbilt University School of Engineering; Chair of Mechanical Engineering and Professor of Electrical and Computer Science
| | - Lorraine C. Mion
- Research Professor, College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus OH
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Latikka R, Rubio-Hernández R, Lohan ES, Rantala J, Nieto Fernández F, Laitinen A, Oksanen A. Older Adults' Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Physical Information and Communication Technology in the Era of Ambient Assisted Living: A Systematic Literature Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28022. [PMID: 34967760 PMCID: PMC8759023 DOI: 10.2196/28022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation can have severe effects on human health and well-being. Partial solutions to combat these circumstances in demographically aging societies have been sought from the field of information and communication technology (ICT). OBJECTIVE This systematic literature review investigates the research conducted on older adults' loneliness and social isolation, and physical ICTs, namely robots, wearables, and smart homes, in the era of ambient assisted living (AAL). The aim is to gain insight into how technology can help overcome loneliness and social isolation other than by fostering social communication with people and what the main open-ended challenges according to the reviewed studies are. METHODS The data were collected from 7 bibliographic databases. A preliminary search resulted in 1271 entries that were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria. The characteristics of the selected studies were coded, and the results were summarized to answer our research questions. RESULTS The final data set consisted of 23 empirical studies. We found out that ICT solutions such as smart homes can help detect and predict loneliness and social isolation, and technologies such as robotic pets and some other social robots can help alleviate loneliness to some extent. The main open-ended challenges across studies relate to the need for more robust study samples and study designs. Further, the reviewed studies report technology- and topic-specific open-ended challenges. CONCLUSIONS Technology can help assess older adults' loneliness and social isolation, and alleviate loneliness without direct interaction with other people. The results are highly relevant in the COVID-19 era, where various social restrictions have been introduced all over the world, and the amount of research literature in this regard has increased recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Latikka
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Elena Simona Lohan
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rantala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Arto Laitinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Atte Oksanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Kim J, Kim S, Kim S, Lee E, Heo Y, Hwang CY, Choi YY, Kong HJ, Ryu H, Lee H. Companion robots for older adults: Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis approach. INTEL SERV ROBOT 2021; 14:729-739. [PMID: 34804242 PMCID: PMC8593639 DOI: 10.1007/s11370-021-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the concept of companion robots for older adults from the perspective of nursing. This study employed a concept analysis. The literature from July 2011 to June 2021 was sought from databases using specific keywords. Any quantitative or qualitative study published in English or Korean focusing on companion robots for older adults was included in the study. Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was used to clarify the antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Seventy-five eligible articles were studied. The findings were categorized into antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Companion robot antecedents were classified into individual factors, attitude toward robots, and caregiver and social factors. The defining attributes included human-robot interaction, function, features, structure, cost, and management of the robot being a companion. Consequences were categorized into user, caregiver, and health related. Companion robots are designed to enhance well-being, quality of life, and independence by providing service and companionship and assisting daily life. This mainly includes cognitive and social support, mobility support, relaxation, health monitoring, and self-care support through human-robot interaction. The attributes, antecedents, and consequences of companion robots identified in this study can inform future decision making and interventions by caregivers for aging in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Kim
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongheui Kim
- College of Fine Arts, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euehun Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Heo
- College of Music, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Young Choi
- College of Humanities, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology (TDMAT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsuk Lee
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has critically impacted the health and safety of the population of the world, especially the health and well-being of older adults. Socially assistive robots (SARs) have been used to help to mitigate the effects of the pandemic including loneliness and isolation, and to alleviate the workload of both formal and informal caregivers. This paper presents the first extensive survey and discussion on just how socially assistive robots have specifically helped this population, as well as the overall impact on health and the acceptance of such robots during the pandemic. The goal of this review is to answer research questions with respect to which SARs were used during the pandemic and what specific tasks they were used for, and what the enablers and barriers were to the implementation of SARs during the pandemic. We will also discuss lessons learned from their use to inform future SAR design and applications, and increase their usefulness and adoption in a post-pandemic world. More research is still needed to investigate and appreciate the user experience of older adults with SARs during the pandemic, and we aim to provide a roadmap for researchers and stakeholders.
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