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Mustafa MS, Mohammad NN, Radha FH, Kayani KF, Ghareeb HO, Mohammed SJ. Eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for concurrent analysis of phenol, 2-aminophenol, and 4-aminophenol in ternary mixtures and water samples: assessment of environmental sustainability. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16045-16055. [PMID: 38765477 PMCID: PMC11100304 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a high demand for green procedures in analytical chemistry, particularly those utilizing eco-friendly solvents. In this context, three feasible derivative UV spectrophotometric methods namely, derivative ratio-zero crossing spectra (DRZCS), double divisor ratio spectra (DDRS), and successive derivative subtraction coupled with constant multiplication (SDS-CM) were developed to quantify a ternary mixture of phenol (P), 2-aminophenol (2-AP), and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in real water samples simultaneously, using ethanol as a solvent. The established methods demonstrated a good linear range, covering 2-60 μg mL-1 for P and 2-50 μg mL-1 for 2-AP and 4-AP, in all approaches with a high correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9995). In compliance with ICH guidelines, the methods exhibited acceptable precision and accuracy, as indicated by good spike recovery with low relative standard deviations. The eco-friendliness of the UV spectrophotometric approach was assessed using analytical eco-scale (AES), analytical greenness (AGREE), and analytical greenness metrics for sample preparation (AGREEprep). These evaluations confirmed the eco-friendliness of the proposed methods in terms of solvents, energy consumption, and waste generation. The proposed procedure proved to be efficient in quantifying each component in laboratory-synthesized mixtures and real water samples, thanks to its simplicity, accuracy, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
| | - Nian N Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Fuad H Radha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
| | - Kawan F Kayani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University Peshawa Street, Chamchamal Sulaymaniyah City 46023 Iraq
- Department of Pharmacy, Kurdistan Technical Institute Sulaymaniyah City Iraq
| | - Hewa O Ghareeb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
| | - Sewara J Mohammed
- Anesthesia Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya Sulaimaniya Kurdistan Region 46001 Iraq
- Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government Qlyasan Street Sulaymaniyah 46001 Iraq
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Almutairi S, Alarfaj NA, Almutairi AM, El-Tohamy MF. Exploiting of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Potentiometric Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Products. Int J Anal Chem 2024; 2024:8354311. [PMID: 38715950 PMCID: PMC11074911 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8354311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The advanced and highly functional properties of Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles promote the widespread use of metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials for sensing and electrochemical applications. The proposed study describes a comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of two modified wire membrane sensors enriched with Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles with conventional wire membranes for the quantification of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MTF). The results show linear relationships of the enriched Al2O3 and NiO nanosensors over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10-10-1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 and 1.0 × 10-6-1.0 × 10-2 M for both the modified sensors and the conventional coated wire membrane sensors. The regression equations were EmV = (52.1 ± 0.5) log (MTF) + 729 for enriched nanometallic oxides, EmV = (57.04 ± 0.4) log (MTF) + 890.66, and EmV = (58.27 ± 0.7) log (MTF) + 843.27 with correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9997, and 0.9998 for the aforementioned sensors, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated with respect to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The newly functionalized sensors have been successfully used for the determination of MTF in its commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhah Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adibah M. Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El-Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Muruganathan G, Thangavel M, Kochupapy RT. Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Determination of Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin in Tablets. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 62:27-34. [PMID: 36670546 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective, precise and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method is developed for the simultaneous estimation of remogliflozin etabonate and vildagliptin in the presence of their degradation products. The separation was performed in thin layer chromatography plate precoated with silica gel G60F254. The mobile phase consists of methanol:ethyl acetate:toluene:ammonia (1.5:4:4.5:0.1, v/v/v/v). Detection and quantification are performed with densitometer at 212 nm. The Rf values of remogliflozin etabonate and vildagliptin are 0.53 and 0.42, respectively. Degradation studies for the two drugs were carried out in acidic, alkaline, neutral, oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions and analyzed. The suitability of this method for the quantitative determination of the compounds is proved by validation in accordance with the requirements laid down by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Linearity was found over the concentration range of 200-1000 ng/band with correlation coefficient of 0.9936 for remogliflozin etabonate and 100-500 ng/band with correlation coefficient of 0.9912 for vildagliptin. The method was successively applied to tablets containing two drugs and found to have no chromatographic interferences from the tablet excipients. The degradant formed was not interfering with estimation of two drugs makes the method more selective for the purpose intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhimathi Muruganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu street, Avarampalayam Road, Coimbatore-641 044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu street, Avarampalayam Road, Coimbatore-641 044, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Thengungal Kochupapy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu street, Avarampalayam Road, Coimbatore-641 044, Tamil Nadu, India
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Magdy G, Al-Enna AA, Belal F, El-Domany RA, Abdel-Megied AM. Analytical quality-by-design approach for development and validation of HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of omarigliptin, metformin, and ezetimibe: application to human plasma and dosage forms. BMC Chem 2023; 17:45. [PMID: 37147652 PMCID: PMC10163694 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, selective, and sensitive RP-HPLC method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of two co-administered antidiabetic drugs (omarigliptin and metformin) with an anti-hyperlipidemic drug (ezetimibe) in a medicinally-recommended ratio of 2.5:50:1, respectively. The proposed procedure was optimized by adopting a quality-by-design approach. The influence of different factors on chromatographic responses was optimized by applying the two-level full factorial design (25). The optimum chromatographic separation was achieved using Hypersil BDS C18 column at 45 °C, and the mobile phase pumped isocratically composed of methanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (6.6 mM; pH 7, 67:33% v/v) at a flow rate of 0.814 mL/min using 235 nm as a detection wavelength. The developed method was capable of separating this novel mixture in less than 8 min. The calibration plots of omarigliptin, metformin, and ezetimibe showed acceptable linearity over the ranges of 0.2-2.0, 0.5-25.0, and 0.1-2.0 µg/mL with quantitation limits of 0.06, 0.50, and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the studied drugs in their commercial tablets with high % recoveries (96.8-102.92%) and low % RSD values (less than 2%). The applicability of the method was extended to the in-vitro assay of the drugs in spiked human plasma samples with high % recoveries (94.3-105.7%). The suggested method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Al-Enna
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Megied
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, P.O. Box 33511, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
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Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair AB, Sreeharsha N, Molina EIP, Kotnal RB, Tratrat C, Altaysan AI, Balgoname AA, Deb PK. Environmental sustainable mathematically processed UV spectroscopic methods for quality control analysis of remogliflozin and teneligliptin: Evaluation of greenness and whiteness. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121303. [PMID: 35525182 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental sustainable analytical methods were developed by mathematical modification of UV absorption spectra for quality control study of multicomponent formulations consisting of remogliflozin (REM) and teneligliptin (TEN), with good sensitivity and selectivity. Then analytes were quantified by measuring the peak amplitude of the first derivative spectra at zero crossing points at 230.2 nm and 213.8 nm for REG and TEN in the first derivative method. The second method involves the formation of ratio spectra and taking the absorption difference at two selected wavelengths of peak and trough of a spectrum. In the ratio first derivative method peak amplitudes were measured at 235.2 nm and 259.1 nm for simultaneous quantification of REM and TEN respectively. The fourth method was based on the measurement of the peak amplitude of zero-order spectra of analytes generated from the mixture spectrum by subtraction of a constant from the ratio spectrum followed by multiplication with divisor spectrum, Further, the proposed methods were validated systematically to confirm the linearity, precession, accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity. Finally, validated UV spectroscopic methods were applied for simultaneous quantification of REM and TEN from formulation, and laboratory mixed solutions and statistically compared with the reported HPLC method. Further, recently developed AGREE, Hexagonal greenness and white analytical chemistry, a whiteness evaluation tools were applied to the proposed UV spectroscopic methods and found to be safer analytical methods, compared to the reported expensive, time-consuming and toxic HPLC method. Hence, proposed UV spectroscopic methods could be used for routine quality control of formulations containing REM and TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India.
| | - Effren Ii Plaza Molina
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Ibrahim Altaysan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalek Ahmed Balgoname
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India.
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Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Chohan MS, David M, Molina EIIP, Sreeharsha N, Nair AB, Tratrat C, Altaysan AI, Balgoname AA. An Experimental Design Approach to Quantitative Expression for Quality Control of a Multicomponent Antidiabetic Formulation by the HILIC Method. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103135. [PMID: 35630608 PMCID: PMC9148089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and reproducible hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) process was established for concomitant determination of remogliflozin etabonate (RE), vildagliptin (VD), and metformin (MF) in a formulation. A face-centered central composite experimental design was employed to optimize and predict the chromatographic condition by statistically studying the surface response model and design space with desirability close to one. A HILIC column with a simple mobile phase of acetonitrile (65% v/v) and 20 mM phosphate buffer (35% v/v, pH 6, controlled with orthophosphoric acid) was used to separate RE, VD, and MF. RE, VD, and MF were separated in 3.6 min using an isocratic mode mobile phase flow at a flow rate of 1.4 mL at room temperature, and the analytes were examined by recording the absorption at 210 nm. The developed HILIC method was thoroughly validated for all parameters recommended by ICH, and linearity was observed in the ranges 20−150 µg/mL, 10−75 µg/mL, and 50−750 µg/mL for RE, VD, and MF, respectively, along with excellent regression coefficients (r2 > 0.999). The calculated percentage relative deviation and relative error ascertained the precision and accuracy of the method. The selectivity and accuracy were further confirmed by the high percentage recovery of added standard drugs to the formulation using the standard addition technique. The robustness of the HILIC processes was confirmed by developing a half-normal probability plot and Pareto chart, as the slight variation of a single factor had no significant influence on the assay outcomes. Utilization of the optimized HILIC procedure for concurrent quantification of RE, VD, and MF in solid dosage forms showed accurate and reproducible results. Hence, the fast HILIC method can be regularly employed for the quality assurance of pharmaceutical preparations comprising RE, VD, and MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-553269799
| | - Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Muhammad S. Chohan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marysheela David
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Efren II Plaza Molina
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Abdulrahman Ibrahim Altaysan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Abdulmalek Ahmed Balgoname
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (K.N.V.); (N.S.); (A.B.N.); (C.T.); (A.I.A.); (A.A.B.)
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ITIGIMATHA N, CHADCHAN KS, YALLUR BC, HADAGALI MD. Simple and Sensitive RP-HPLC and UV Spectroscopic Methods for the Determination of Remogliflozin Etabonate in Pure and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022; 19:213-219. [DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2021.55381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lazuardi M, Hestianah EP, Restiadi TI. Designing prototype rapid test device at qualitative performance to detect residue of tetracycline in chicken carcass. Vet World 2022; 15:1058-1065. [PMID: 35698527 PMCID: PMC9178584 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1058-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human health problems due as a microbial resistance or tumors and cancers because consumption of the carcasses containing residues of tetracycline are main global problems in the context of fight against antimicrobial resistance phenomena. Explanation of the sustainable development goals, particularly point 3, is well recognized that all animal products for human consumption must be safe to live a healthy life. This study aimed to design a prototype of rapid test devices (RTD) based on principles of precipitate to obtain a specific color change after the process of reactions as an indicator to determine tetracycline residues in the carcass. Materials and Methods: Five samples of tetracycline-containing poultry carcasses using artificial add the tetracycline at pharmaceutics grade were examined using a prototype of a strong reaction solution for tetracycline fixation based on the concept bonded by ion Fe(III) at atom O in position atom C-1 at the ring of tetracycline and ion N+ as the functional branch of tetracycline. RTD detection was evaluated using a yellow color presentation and an absorbance spectrometric technique at a wavelength of 273 nm. Results: The following chemicals were used to create the best-fixed tetracycline residue: HCl and H2SO4 dissolved in H2O, chromatographic grade of 0.1 N and 0.5 N of HNO3, and 1% Fe (III) Cl. The RTD had a higher limit of detection (LOD) than the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that RTD, as constructed in this study, can be used to detect residue at LOD 44.764 mg/mL during 120 min of exposure through a light-emitting diode at 980 nm wavelength (p<0.05). The necessity for using RTD was because of the apparent limitations of conventional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochamad Lazuardi
- Veterinary-Pharmacy Science Subdivision, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah
- Veterinary Histology Subdivision, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tjuk Imam Restiadi
- Veterinary Reproduction Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo rd. "C" Campus Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Experimental Design Approach for Quantitative Expressions of Simultaneous Quantification of Two Binary Formulations Containing Remogliflozin and Gliptins by RP-HPLC. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a fast RP-HPLC method for simultaneous measurement of two antidiabetic formulations (vildagliptin + remogliflozin and teneligliptin + remogliflozin) under identical experimental conditions. Using the Box–Behnken approach and response surface design, the interaction and quadratic influence of three variable parameters, acetonitrile %, pH of the mobile phase, and flow rate, on resolution between the peaks were optimized. To forecast the resolution of peaks (2.7 and 6.5) for the three anti-diabetic medications, the design space with desirability function was used to find the optimal chromatographic conditions. Isocratic elution with 58:42 acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (20 mM KH2PO4, pH adjusted to 4.9 with orthophosphoric acid) over a Zorabx C18 HPLC column with a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1 separated all three analytes in 2.5 min. In addition, the optimized HPLC process was validated using ICH recommendations. The devised HPLC method’s precision and accuracy were proven by the low percent relative standard deviation (0.60–1.65%), good percentage recovery (98.18–101.50%), and low percentage relative errors (0.20–1.82%). The method’s robustness was also proven by slightly varying the five separate parameters. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed HPLC approach was confirmed using a standard addition method for simultaneous determination of vildagliptin + remogliflozin and teneligliptin + remogliflozin from formulations. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that experimental design can be successfully used to optimize chromatographic conditions with fewer runs. The devised HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of two binary combinations utilizing the same chromatographic conditions is fast, accurate, precise, and easy, and it might be utilized in laboratories for routine quality control investigations on both formulations.
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Development of Ecofriendly Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Remogliflozin and Vildagliptin from Formulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206160. [PMID: 34684741 PMCID: PMC8537597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three rapid, accurate, and ecofriendly processed spectrophotometric methods were validated for the concurrent quantification of remogliflozin (RGE) and vildagliptin (VGN) from formulations using water as dilution solvent. The three methods developed were based on the calculation of the peak height of the first derivative absorption spectra at zero-crossing points, the peak amplitude difference at selected wavelengths of the peak and valley of the ratio spectra, and the peak height of the ratio first derivative spectra. All three methods were validated adapting the ICH regulations. Both the analytes showed a worthy linearity in the concentration of 1 to 60 µg/mL and 2 to 90 µg/mL for VGN and RGE, respectively, with an exceptional regression coefficient (r2 ≥ 0.999). The developed methods demonstrated an excellent recovery (98.00% to 102%), a lower percent relative standard deviation, and a relative error (less than ±2%), confirming the specificity, precision, and accuracy of the proposed methods. In addition, validated spectrophotometric methods were commendably employed for the simultaneous determination of VGN and RGE from solutions prepared in the laboratory and the formulation. Hence, these methods can be utilized for the routine quality control study of the pharmaceutical preparations of VGN and RGE in pharmaceutical industries and laboratories. The ecofriendly nature of the anticipated spectrophotometric procedures was confirmed by the evaluation of the greenness profile by a semi-quantitative method and the quantitative and qualitative green analytical procedure index (GAPI) method.
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