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Zhou Y, Zhai H, Wei H. Acute Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with High-Load Resistance Exercises on Repetitive Vertical Jump Performance and EEG Characteristics in Healthy Men. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1106. [PMID: 39337890 PMCID: PMC11433315 DOI: 10.3390/life14091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique known to enhance athletic performance metrics such as vertical jump and lower limb strength. However, it remains unclear whether combining tDCS with the post-activation effects of high-load resistance training can further improve lower limb performance. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the synergistic effects of tDCS and high-load resistance training, using electroencephalography to explore changes in the motor cortex and vertical jump dynamics. METHODS Four experiments were conducted involving 29 participants. Each experiment included tDCS, high-load resistance training, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training, and a control condition. During the tDCS session, participants received 20 min of central stimulation using a Halo Sport 2 headset, while the high-load resistance training session comprised five repetitions of a 90% one-repetition maximum weighted half squat. No intervention was administered in the control group. Electroencephalography tests were conducted before and after each intervention, along with the vertical jump test. RESULTS The combination of tDCS and high-load resistance training significantly increased jump height (p < 0.05) compared to tDCS or high-load resistance training alone. As for electroencephalography power, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training significantly impacted the percentage of α-wave power in the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). In the temporal lobe area (T3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). For β-wave power, tDCS showed a significant main effect in the frontal pole area (Fp1) of the left hemisphere (F = 17.65, p < 0.01). In the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 7.53, p < 0.05). The tDCS combined with high-load resistance training intervention also resulted in higher β-wave power in the parietal lobe area (P4) and the temporal lobe area (T4) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-load resistance training significantly enhances vertical jump performance compared to either intervention alone. This improvement is associated with changes in the α-wave and β-wave power in specific brain regions, such as the frontal and temporal lobes. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms and long-term effects of this combined intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Public Education, Zhejiang College of Construction, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Haiting Zhai
- School of Basic Sciences for Aviation, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China
- School of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwen Wei
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Spiroiu FI, Minuzzi L, Duarte D, McCabe RE, Soreni N. Neurocognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38913323 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2371303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used with increasing frequency as a therapeutic tool to alleviate clinical symptoms of obsessive compulsive-disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the effects of tDCS on neurocognitive functioning among OCD patients. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature examining the effects of tDCS on specific neurocognitive functions in OCD. A literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. The search yielded 4 results: one randomized, sham-controlled study (20 patients), one randomized, controlled, partial crossover trial (12 patients), one open-label study (5 patients), and one randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, parallel-group trial (37 patients). A total of 51 patients received active tDCS with some diversity in electrode montages targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the pre-supplementary motor area, or the orbitofrontal cortex. tDCS was associated with improved decision-making in study 1, enhanced attentional monitoring and response inhibition in study 2, improved executive and inhibitory control in study 3, and reduced attentional bias and improved response inhibition and working memory in study 4. Limitations of this review include its small sample, the absence of a sham group in half of the studies, and the heterogeneity in tDCS parameters. These preliminary results highlight the need for future testing in randomized, sham-controlled trials to examine whether and how tDCS induces relevant cognitive benefits in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia I Spiroiu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dante Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randi E McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Jiao F, Zhuang J, Nitsche MA, Lin Z, Ma Y, Liu Y. Application of transcranial alternating current stimulation to improve eSports-related cognitive performance. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1308370. [PMID: 38476869 PMCID: PMC10927847 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1308370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Electronic Sports (eSports) is a popular and still emerging sport. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) and First/Third Person Shooting Games (FPS/TPS) require excellent visual attention abilities. Visual attention involves specific frontal and parietal areas, and is associated with alpha coherence. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a principally suitable tool to improve cognitive functions by modulation of regional oscillatory cortical networks that alters regional and larger network connectivity. Methods In this single-blinded crossover study, 27 healthy college students were recruited and exposed to 10 Hz tACS of the right frontoparietal network. Subjects conducted a Visual Spatial Attention Distraction task in three phases: T0 (pre-stimulation), T1 (during stimulation), T2 (after-stimulation), and an eSports performance task which contained three games ("Exact Aiming," "Flick Aiming," "Press Reaction") before and after stimulation. Results The results showed performance improvements in the "Exact Aiming" task and hint for a prevention of reaction time performance decline in the "Press Reaction" task in the real, as compared to the sham stimulation group. We also found a significant decrease of reaction time in the visual spatial attention distraction task at T1 compared to T0 in the real, but not sham intervention group. However, accuracy and inverse efficiency scores (IES) did not differ between intervention groups in this task. Discussion These results suggest that 10 Hz tACS over the right frontal and parietal cortex might improve eSports-related skill performance in specific tasks, and also improve visual attention in healthy students during stimulation. This tACS protocol is a potential tool to modulate neurocognitive performance involving tracking targets, and might be a foundation for the development of a new concept to enhance eSports performance. This will require however proof in real life scenarios, as well optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujia Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhenggen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Ma
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Lugg W. Cosmetic psychiatry: A concept in urgent need of consideration. Australas Psychiatry 2024; 32:32-37. [PMID: 37929851 DOI: 10.1177/10398562231211136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the concept of, ethics surrounding, and arguments for and against cosmetic psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS Cosmetic psychiatry may be defined as the science and practice of interventions that subjectively enhance the mental states of healthy people. Cosmetic medicine (including surgery) is a professionally and socially accepted part of contemporary medical practice; cosmetic psychiatry is not. Like cosmetic medicine, there are significant risks associated with cosmetic psychiatry. There is an urgent need for a broader conversation about this emerging clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lugg
- Department of Psychiatry, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC, Australia
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Machado S, Sant’Ana LDO, Travassos B, Monteiro D. Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Competitive Anxiety and Modulates Heart Rate Variability in an eSports Player. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792209270. [PMID: 37274860 PMCID: PMC10156019 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has recently shown that high cognitive and somatic anxiety and low self-confidence, before and during sport competitions have a significant correlation with heart rate variability (HRV) changes and can reduce overall athletic performance. Therefore, interventions, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), can be a potential tool to reduce psychophysiological anxiety-related and enhance athletic performance. We present a case of a male professional athlete of eSports. We explored the effects of a single session of anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) at 2mA over the dosrsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on competitive anxiety and HRV assessed in baseline (BL), pre-tDCS, post-tDCS and post-game moments and compared between moments. Here, we found a decrease in somatic and cognitive anxiety, as well as an increase in self-confidence and in SDNN index in the post-tDCS moment compared with BL, pre-tDCS and post-game moments. These findings can be a result of an acute change in the attentional state, influencing the processing of threatening information essential for cognitive anxiety and of a self-regulatory process, which can regulate physiological arousal response, such as HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, 26325-020, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real 5000-558, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Cruz 1495-433, Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real 5000-558, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), Rio Maior, 2040-413, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal
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Machado S, de Oliveira Sant'Ana L, Cid L, Teixeira D, Rodrigues F, Travassos B, Monteiro D. Impact of victory and defeat on the perceived stress and autonomic regulation of professional eSports athletes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987149. [PMID: 36092047 PMCID: PMC9454608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive sports involve physiological, technical and psychological skills, which influence directly on individuals’ performance. This study aims to investigate the levels of perceived stress and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) before and after matches with victory and defeat in professional eSports athletes. Our hypothesis was that the winners would have better autonomic and stress responses after match, thus corroborating the literature on neurocardiac connections. Fifty male eSport players were selected players from 10 different Brazilian teams. The experiment was carried out in 2 sessions. Firstly, after signing the informed consent form, 24 h before the game, anthropometric, physical activity levels and time of expertise data were recorded only for sample characterization and the players were familiarized with the perceived stress scale—10 (PSS-10) and the HRV measurements. Secondly, players performed the PSS-10 and HRV recording at rest by 10 min 60 and 30 min before the game (i.e., baseline time) and 10 min after the end of the game. Overall, concerning PSS-10 our findings show that VG had significant reduced scores in post-game time compared to baseline (BL) and pre-game times, while DG had significant increased scores in post-game time compared to BL and pre-game times. Regarding HRV, our results demonstrate that VG had significant increase in RR, SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50 and HF, and significant decrease in LF and LF/HF, while DG had a significant decrease in RR, SDNN, rMSSD and HF, and significant increase in LF and LF/HF. It was observed that VG had better HRV responses (greater parasympathetic activation) as well as lower levels of perceived stress, while DG had worst HRV responses (greater sympathetic activation) and higher levels of perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sergio Machado,
| | | | - Luis Cid
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic of Santarém (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sports Science, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
- ESECS, Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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