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Ribeiro ES, Pereira MP, de Castro EM, de Resende Baroni G, Duarte VP, de Pádua MP, Pereira FJ. Growth, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltr.) Micheli under Pb contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:41059-41068. [PMID: 38842777 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) can be deposited in aquatic environments that are especially subject to pollution due to wastewater and sewage disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltr.) Micheli to Pb and changes in growth, gas exchange, and leaf anatomy. Experiments were conducted with E. grandiflorus plants exposed to the following Pb concentrations in nutrient solution: [0; 0.75; 1.5; 3.0 and 9.0 μM Pb (NO 3)2] in a greenhouse for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the lead concentration, growth, leaf gas exchange, and changes in leaf anatomy were evaluated. There was no mortality of E. grandiflorus plants, and they accumulated higher concentrations of Pb proportional to the concentration of the pollutant in the solution. Pb did not cause significant changes in growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Ci/Ca rate but reduced the photosynthesis in E. grandiflorus. The leaf anatomy showed significant changes in the presence of Pb, reducing the epidermis and chlorophyll parenchyma. E. grandiflorus demonstrated tolerance to Pb, surviving and growing under contamination; however, it negatively modified its leaf anatomy and photosynthesis in the presence of the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefânia Santos Ribeiro
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Paulo Pereira
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Evaristo Mauro de Castro
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Resende Baroni
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Politi Duarte
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, MG, zip code 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maxwell Pereira de Pádua
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Zip Code 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio José Pereira
- Institute of Natural Sciences (ICN), Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Centro, Alfenas, MG, zip code 37130-001, Brazil.
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Du Y, Ai S, He J, Gu H, Wang X, Li Z, Dang Y. Health risk assessment of lead via the ingestion pathway for preschool children in a typical heavy metal polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6163-6176. [PMID: 37266753 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The problems of environmental lead (Pb) pollution caused by mining activities have attracted global attention. Preschool children are vulnerable to exposure to Pb from the environment. To investigate the health risk of multiple exposures to Pb via oral ingestion (soil, water, rice, wheat, and vegetables) for preschool children in typical polluted areas, in this study, preschool children in Baiyin city were selected as the potential receptors, Pb concentrations in 28 soil samples and 33 vegetable samples were collected and measured. In addition, the Pb concentrations in local water, rice, and wheat were obtained by searching the literature. The Monte Carlo simulation was used in the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the parameters. Results showed that Pb concentrations in spinach, tomato, cushaw, lettuce, broad bean, pea, eggplant, and radish exceeded the standards (GB 2762-2017), and 42.86% of soil samples exceeded screening values (GB 15618-2018). The non-carcinogenic risk was as high as 3.58. Vegetables and wheat were the major contributors in the oral ingestion pathway. Furthermore, the carcinogenic risk of preschool children was 6.02E-06, which was acceptable. Monte Carlo simulations showed that health risk assessment results were most likely to be influenced by Pb concentrations in the media. In conclusion, the food safety of vegetables in soil-polluted areas deserves more attention, and certain measures should be taken to reduce the health risks to preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shiwei Ai
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huilin Gu
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhilan Li
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuhui Dang
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Mhungu F, Cheng Y, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Liu Y. Estimation of the cumulative risks from dietary exposure to cadmium, arsenic, nickel, lead and chromium Guangzhou, China. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113887. [PMID: 37302537 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, are ubiquitously present as single substances and compounds in the environment. These substances have various and overlapping health effects. Consumption of contaminated foods is the main pathway of the human exposure, however, estimation of their dietary exposure in combination with health risk analysis, particularly at various endpoints, has rarely been reported. In this study, we integrated relative potency factor (RPF) analysis into the margin of exposure (MOE) model to evaluate the health risk of combined heavy metal (including cadmium, arsenic, lead, chromium, and nickel) exposure in the residents in Guangzhou, China, after quantifying the heavy metals in various food samples and estimating their dietary exposure. The results indicated that rice, rice products and leafy vegetables contributed primarily to the dietary exposure of all metals except arsenic, which exposed the population largely through consumption of sea-foods. With all the five metals contributing to nephro- and neurotoxicity, the 95% confidence limits of MOE for the residents were clearly below 1.0 in the 3∼6-year group, suggesting a recognizable risk to young children. This study provides substantial evidence for the non-negligible health risk in young children due to increased heavy metal exposure,at least on some toxicity targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mhungu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanfang Cheng
- Department of Food Safety, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Food Safety, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China.
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Lu D, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Huang D, Qin C, Nong Z, Ling C, Zhu Y, Chai X. Pollution characteristics and source identification of farmland soils in Pb-Zn mining areas through an integrated approach. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2533-2547. [PMID: 36036341 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term mining activities have caused serious heavy metals contamination of farmland soils. In this study, we investigated the concentrations, distributions, accumulations, potential ecological risk, and sources of eight heavy metals in farmland soils of Pb-Zn mining areas. According to the soil standard GB15618-2018, Cd was the most contaminated, followed by Pb and Zn. The geo-accumulation index showed that Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg accumulated seriously. The potential risk index indicated that Cd, Hg, and Pb were the main environmental risk elements. An integrated approach combining multivariate statistical analysis, PMF, and GIS mapping was used to analyze the sources of heavy metals. Four main sources were identified and quantified: (1) mining activities source, the main source of Cd (71.09%) and Zn (61.88%); (2) agricultural activities source, dominated by Hg (73.01%); (3) atmospheric deposition sources, with Pb (85.11%) as the main contributor; (4) natural source, characterized by Cr (72.96%), Ni (66.04%), As (55.98%) and Cu (37.70%). This study would help us understand the pollution characteristics and sources of farmland soils in mining areas and provide basic information for the next step of pollution control and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingtian Lu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chaolan Zhang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zirui Zhou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dan Huang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chaoke Qin
- China Nonferrous Metal Guilin Research Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co. Ltd., Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zexi Nong
- China Nonferrous Metal Guilin Research Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co. Ltd., Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Caiyuan Ling
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xingle Chai
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Bertram J, Ramolla C, Esser A, Schettgen T, Fohn N, Steib J, Kraus T. Blood lead monitoring in a former mining area in Euskirchen, Germany: results of a representative random sample in 3- to 17-year-old children and minors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:20995-21009. [PMID: 36264474 PMCID: PMC9584279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal residues in former mining areas can pose a burden to the local environment and population even decades after closure of the mining sites. In the North Rhine-Westphalian (Germany) communities of Mechernich and Kall, both parts of the district of Euskirchen, lead residues are a source of health concerns for local residents. A statistically representative collective of both communities depending on sex, age, and area of residence was created, mirroring the local underage population. The blood lead levels (BLL) of 182 children and minors in the two adjacent communities were assessed via ICP-MSMS. The results were compared to German lead reference values, valid for the general underage population. In total, 32 (17.6%) of the subjects investigated exceeded the according reference values of 15 µg/L and 20 µg/L, respectively, depending on sex and age, thus pointing out an additional lead burden affecting children in the area. Potential lead sources contributing to the BLL were evaluated using a questionnaire. Factors that showed significant impact on the BLL were, other than age, sex, height, and weight, the factors occupancy, time spend in the garden, garden hand-to-mouth contact, consumption frequency of homegrown products, and lifestyle factors. The data presented enable both residents and the local authorities to further reduce lead exposure and to take appropriate personal and public action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Ramolla
- Public Health Department Euskirchen, District of Euskirchen, Germany
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Fohn
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmina Steib
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Sisti D, Donati Zeppa S, Amicucci A, Vittori Antisari L, Vianello G, Puliga F, Leonardi P, Iotti M, Zambonelli A. The bianchetto truffle (Tuber borchii) a lead-resistant ectomycorrhizal fungus increases Quercus cerris phytoremediation potential. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6439-6452. [PMID: 36325818 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuber borchii is a European edible truffle which forms ectomycorrhizas with several soft- and hardwood plants. In this article, the effects of high level of Pb on the in vitro growth of five T. borchii strains and the molecular mechanisms involved in Pb tolerance were studied. Moreover, the effects of the Pb treatment on T. borchii ectomycorrhizas and on the growth, element uptake and distribution in different organs of Quercus cerris seedlings were investigated. The results showed an extraordinary tolerance of T. borchii mycelium to Pb: all the tested strains were able to grow at Pb concentration over 4000 mg L-1 . The mechanisms of tolerance seem related to Pb sequestration in the vacuole and its immobilization as crystal of Pb oxalate outside the hyphae rather than detoxification processes, considering the low expression of glutaredoxin and thioredoxin genes. T. borchii-Q. cerris mycorrhizas tolerate a soil concentration of Pb from 1869 to 4030 mg kg-1 although, at these Pb concentrations, T. borchii showed a reduced ability to colonize roots. T. borchii mycorrhization increased the uptake of Pb by Q. cerris. Mycorrhization and Pb treatment also significantly influenced the uptake and translocation in the plant of other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Antonella Amicucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Gilmo Vianello
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Puliga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pamela Leonardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirco Iotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Shi X, Wu H, Yao Y, Xu S. The antagonistic effect of selenium on lead-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via P38/JNK/ERK pathway in chicken kidney. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113176. [PMID: 35026588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), as a toxic heavy metal pollutant, has been paid much attention. Pb is often discharged into the environment through the soot, wastewater and waste residue in industrial production, which poses a great threat to animal health. Selenium (Se) is a trace element known to antagonize the toxicity caused by heavy metals. However, the interaction between Se and Pb in chicken kidney and its specific biological mechanism are still unclear. So, we constructed chicken models of Pb exposure and Pb, Se co-exposure. Therefore, we used western blot and qRT-PCR to detect the expression of related genes. The results showed that Pb activated the MAPK signaling pathway by up-regulating the expression of MARK pathway genes to induce the expression of pro-apoptotic genes and necroptosis-related genes. Se can regulate the MARK signaling pathway and attenuated the expression of MAPK pathway genes altered by Pb to reduce apoptosis and necroptosis of chicken kidney cells. Our study gives new ideas for the specific mechanism of Pb nephrotoxicity and provides a reference for comparative medicine and clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yujie Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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