Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case-Controlled Study

A multiple health behaviour change intervention to prevent depression: A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effectiveness of a 12-month MHBC intervention in the prevention of onset depression in primary health care (PHC).

METHODS

Twenty-two PHC centres took part in the cluster-randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either usual care or an MHBC intervention. The endpoints were onset of major depression and reduction of depressive symptoms in participants without baseline depression at a 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS

2531 patients agreed and were eligible to participate. At baseline, around 43% were smokers, 82% were non-adherent to the Mediterranean diet and 55% did not perform enough physical activity. The intervention group exhibited a greater positive change in two or more behaviours (OR 1.75 [95%CI: 1.17 to 2.62]; p = 0.006); any behaviour (OR 1.58 [95%CI: 1.13 to 2.20]; p = 0.007); and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR 1.94 [95%CI: 1.29 to 2.94]; p = 0.002), while this increase was not statistically significant for smoking and physical activity. The intervention was not effective in preventing major depression (OR 1.17; [95% CI 0.53 to 2.59)]; p = 0.690) or reducing depressive symptoms (Mean difference: 0.30; [95% CI -0.77 to 1.36]; p = 0.726) during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

As compared to usual care, the MHBC intervention provided a non-significant reduction in the incidence of major depression.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03136211.

Higher dietary glycemic load is inversely associated with stress prevalence among Iranian adults

BACKGROUND

Psychological disorders including depression, anxiety, and stress comprise a huge public health problem. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the relationship between dietary glycemic index (DGI) and glycemic load (DGL) and mental disorders.

METHOD

Participants (n = 10,000) aged 20-69 were randomly selected from 200 clusters in Yazd from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study. The dietary intake of study participants was collected by a reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire consisting of 178 food items. DGI and DGL were calculated from the FFQ data using previously published reference values. To assess psychological disorders an Iranian validated short version of a self-reported questionnaire Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 was used.

RESULTS

There were no significant associations between DGI and DGL with odds of depression or anxiety in crude and adjusted models. However, individuals in the highest quartiles of DGL had the lowest odds of stress (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.47-1, P-trend = 0.023). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables in model I (OR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.22-0.9, P-trend = 0.023), model II (OR: 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.96, P-trend = 0.039) and model III (OR: 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.96, P-trend = 0.042).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, consumption of foods with higher GL was associated with lower odds of stress; however, no significant association was found between DGI or DGL and risk of depression and anxiety. Performing further studies with longitudinal design is suggested to confirm these results.