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Qiu Y, Li M, Shi H, Zhao C, Du Y, Wang X, Zhang J. Depressive symptoms, parenting attitude, and violent discipline among caregivers of left-behind children in rural China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:994. [PMID: 38594654 PMCID: PMC11005119 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The situation of mental health and discipline behaviors of left-behind children's caregivers were not optimistic in rural China. Caregivers' depression might increase the risk of using violent discipline. However, the specific ways in which depressive symptoms impact violent discipline have rarely been explored in rural areas. This study aims to assess the prevalence of violent discipline among left-behind children under 6 years of age in rural China and explore the potential mechanisms of how caregivers' depressive symptoms affect violent discipline. METHODS We enrolled a total of 396 pairs of left-behind children and their caregivers in our study, which was conducted in 5 counties of Hebei, Henan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces in China. The depressive symptoms of caregivers were measured by using Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) and violent discipline was assessed by the Child Discipline Module of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). A self-designed questionnaire was utilized to measure caregiver's parenting attitude. Based on the cross-sectional data, controlling for potential confounders, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of the mediation models by applying the weighted least squares with mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimate. RESULTS The prevalence of violent discipline, psychological aggression, and physical punishment was 72.7%, 59.3%, and 60.4% respectively of left-behind children under 6 years of age. According to the results of SEM, parenting attitude acted as a suppressor, suppressing the association between caregivers' depressive symptoms and physical punishment/psychological aggression/violent discipline. The caregivers' depressive symptoms positively influenced all the outcome variables by affecting parenting attitudes (p = 0.002, p = 0.013, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The presence of depressive symptoms in caregivers increases the use of violent discipline through negative parenting attitudes. The mental health status of primary caregivers of left-behind children in rural China needed emphasis and improvement.
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Grants
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- 860/A0/05/502/001/032 Grant United Nations Children's Fund, Beijing, China
- United Nations Children’s Fund, Beijing, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Qiu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengshi Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huifeng Shi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
- Child Development Research Center, China Development Research Foundation, 136 Andingmenwai Street, Dongcheng District, 100010, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingxu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, PR China.
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, PR China.
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Tao Z, Wang Z, Yin M, Yu C, Zhang W, Dong H. Parental corporal punishment and adolescent drinking: the protective role of personal growth initiative and gender difference. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1199285. [PMID: 38274673 PMCID: PMC10810129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenting and peer victimization (PV) are crucial for adolescent drinking. To further explore the cause of adolescent drinking, the present study investigated the role of PV and personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relationship between parental corporal punishment (PCP) and adolescent drinking. Methods Present study build moderated mediation models to test the hypothesis, and detailed analysis of gender differences was conducted on the models. The data were collected in a cross-sectional questionnaire study with n = 1,007 adolescents (mean age = 13.16 years, 51.84% girls, n = 522). Results Model analysis showed that: (1) PV totally mediated the relationship between PCP and adolescent girls' drinking behavior; (2) The positive association between PV and drinking was only significant for girls with low PGI. Discussion These findings underscore the importance of the protective effect of a personality trait characterized by spontaneous self-promotion on adolescent girls' drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tao
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Yin
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Yu
- Department of Psychology, Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijun Dong
- School of Marxism, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Yao Y, Deng X, Xu X, He W. How does emotional abuse affect adolescents' non-suicidal self-injury urges? A moderated chain mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106535. [PMID: 37980785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents has high clinical significance. Its urges have been identified as a potential predictor of NSSI behavior and may serve as a crucial intervention target. OBJECTIVE This study uses a moderated chain mediation model to explore the relationship between emotional abuse and adolescent NSSI urges. Additionally, we examine the mediating roles of ego depletion and self-esteem and the moderating effect of resilience. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We recruited 1129 Chinese adolescents (age M = 16.68; SD = 0.78; 49.4 % men) from secondary vocational schools in China. METHODS We assessed emotional abuse, ego depletion, self-esteem, and NSSI urges in a longitudinal investigation across two time points (T1: March 2023, T2: June 2023). RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, NSSI urges and self-esteem at T1, our study validates a moderated chain mediation model and finds that the mediating effect via self-esteem is 0.026 (95%CI = [0.011,0.046]), and the chain mediating effect via ego depletion and self-esteem is 0.031 (95%CI = [0.022,0.045]), whereas the direct effect of emotional abuse T1 on NSSI urges T2 is not significant (DE = 0.082, 95%CI = [-0.002, 0.167]) and the mediating effect via ego depletion is also not significant (IE = -0.003, 95%CI = [-0.022, 0.015]). Resilience moderates the impact of emotional abuse on ego depletion (β = 0.09, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ego depletion and self-esteem are potential mechanisms related to emotional abuse and adolescents' NSSI urges, whereas resilience can play a moderating role in reducing ego depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Pinghu Vocational Secondary School, China
| | - Xun Deng
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiongwei Xu
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Wen He
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Gonzalez C, Morawska A, Higgins DJ, Haslam DM. Psychometric properties of the parenting belief scale in a multi-country sample of parents from high-income countries. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 147:106565. [PMID: 38000351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' beliefs about how private/public their parenting role is and their acceptability of the use of corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure have been associated with how parents raise their children and their willingness to seek support. However, there are no reliable and valid instruments measuring these beliefs. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Parenting Belief Scale, a self-reported brief measure targeting parents' perception of parenting as a private concern and their attitudes towards the use of corporal punishment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 6949 parents from several high-income countries (i.e., Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Australia, and the UK) who completed the International Parenting Survey, an online cross-sectional survey focused on parents' self-report of their parenting, children, and family. METHODS This study evaluated the internal consistency, factor structure (i.e., exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), and convergent and discriminant validity of the Parenting Belief Scale. RESULTS Findings indicated that this scale was a relatively reliable measure to evaluate parents' perceived privacy in their role and acceptability of corporal punishment. A two-factor structure was confirmed by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Correlations with scales of parenting practices supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the Parenting Belief Scale. CONCLUSIONS This study supported the use of the Parenting Belief Scale across high-income countries to evaluate parenting beliefs in influencing parenting practices and parents' help-seeking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daryl J Higgins
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Divna M Haslam
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Grujicic R, Toskovic O, Lazarević LB, Mandic-Maravic V, Mitkovic-Voncina M, Radanović A, Radosavljev-Kircanski J, Videnović M, Pekmezovic T, Pejovic Milovancevic M. How are parental practices and attitudes towards corporal punishment related to child academic, developmental, or psychological-emotional dysfunctioning? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2175-2185. [PMID: 35948853 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Corporal punishment (CP) is a widely spread disciplining practice among parents and caregivers globally. Our paper aimed to explore the relationship between the parental attitudes towards CP, expected outcomes of CP, and parenting practices on one hand, with the reported dysfunctions of their children, on the other. Additionally, we aimed to explore the relationship between the use of CP and the reported academic, developmental, and psychological-emotional dysfunctions of their children. The present study involved a nationally representative sample of 1186 parents in Serbia, who had at least one child aged 0-18 years at the moment of interviewing. The parents filled out a series of questionnaires on their attitudes towards CP, expectations of CP outcomes, and their parental practices. Findings indicate that parents that report having a child with dysfunctions have positive attitudes towards CP and expect positive outcomes of CP. These parents also report using more CP as a disciplining method, as well as other harsh disciplining practices. We also identified parental positive expectations of CP, use of physical assault, psychological aggression, neglect as significant predictors of reported child dysfunctions severity. Having all the results in mind, we can assume that children with health-related and school-related issues might be at potential risk of further maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grujicic
- Institute of Mental Health, Milana Kasanina 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Toskovic
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana B Lazarević
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Mandic-Maravic
- Institute of Mental Health, Milana Kasanina 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mitkovic-Voncina
- Institute of Mental Health, Milana Kasanina 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Radanović
- Institute for Educational Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marina Videnović
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milica Pejovic Milovancevic
- Institute of Mental Health, Milana Kasanina 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Su HC, Lin YH. Analyses of Criminal Judgments about Domestic Child Abuse Cases in Taiwan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1237. [PMID: 37508734 PMCID: PMC10378539 DOI: 10.3390/children10071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Child abuse has negative impacts on the well-being of children and often leads to adverse consequences, such as suicide, alcohol addiction, depression, and substance abuse. To better understand domestic child abuse in Taiwan, this study analyzed 73 criminal judgments (open-access documents) in which the victims of domestic child abuse were children below the age of 12 from the "Judicial Yuan Law and Regulations Retrieving System" database. There were 73 victims and 91 perpetrators involved. The results indicated that younger children were more likely to be victims of physical abuse, and the majority of death cases were committed by biological parents and cohabiting partners. The perpetrators tended to be young males with lower education. Male cohabiting partners appeared to be a high-risk population for child abuse. Approximately 63% of perpetrators experienced poverty, and 24.7% suffered from marital discord. In the 73 cases, 61.6% of the victims died, 21.9% were mildly injured, and 16.5% were severely injured. The sentencing was related to the level of injury, with perpetrators of mild injury sentenced to less than one year while perpetrators with victim death were sentenced to a longer period of imprisonment. It is suggested that parents at higher risk require greater financial and social support and should be educated on appropriate disciplinary techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chih Su
- Department of Early Childhood Development and Education, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hxuan Lin
- Department of Early Childhood Development and Education, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
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7
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Chen JK, Lin L, Hong JS, Wang LC. Temporal association of parental corporal punishment with violence in school and cyberbullying among adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106251. [PMID: 37267760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previous cross-sectional research suggested a link between parental corporal punishment, school violence, and cyberbullying among adolescents. However, their temporal relationships remain unclear. This study used longitudinal panel data to examine the temporal relationships between parental corporal punishment, adolescent school violence against peers and teachers, and cyberbullying perpetration. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Seven hundred and two junior high school students from Taiwan participated. METHODS A probability sample and two waves of longitudinal panel data collected a nine-month apart were analyzed. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect students' self-reported information about their experiences of parental corporal punishment, perpetration of school violence against peers and teachers, and cyberbullying. RESULTS Parental corporal punishment at Time 1 predicted violence against school peers, violence against teachers, and cyberbullying perpetration at Time 2; however, these three behaviors at Time 1 did not predict parental corporal punishment at Time 2. These findings applied to both sex groups, although the effects of parental corporal punishment on violence against teachers were slightly stronger for boys than girls. CONCLUSIONS Parental corporal punishment is a predictor rather than an outcome of adolescent school violence against peers and teachers and cyberbullying. Policies and interventions need to target parental corporal punishment to prevent adolescents from engaging in violence against peers and teachers and cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Lin
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Wayne State University, United States; Ewha Womans University, South Korea
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Chen JK, Wang SC, Wang LC. Syndemic Profiles and Sexual Health Risks Among Sexually Exploited Adolescent Girls in Taiwan: A Latent Class Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1631-1641. [PMID: 36749407 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexually exploited adolescent girls are disproportionately affected by adverse psychosocial conditions, such as intra-familial child physical and sexual abuse, extra-familial violence and sexual assault, alcohol and drug use, and suicide. Syndemic theory suggests that these adverse psychosocial or syndemic conditions are concentrated and co-occurring in socially marginalized populations, including sexually exploited adolescents, and increase their sexual health risks, including pregnancy, abortion, and the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). To examine clusters of syndemic conditions, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to classify 335 sexually exploited girls in Taiwan into subgroups based on their probability of experiencing each syndemic condition. We used syndemic class membership to predict their sexual health outcomes, specifically pregnancy, abortion, and the acquisition of STDs. The results of LCA revealed three classes, which were "low-risk syndemic," "moderate-risk syndemic," and "high-risk syndemic." The risk of acquisition of STDs among sexually exploited girls in the "high-risk syndemic class" and "moderate-risk syndemic class" was 239% and 135% higher, respectively, than the risk of acquisition of STDs among sexually exploited girls in the "low-risk syndemic class." Differences between these three classes in pregnancy and abortion were not significant. Our findings support the syndemic theory that a pattern of syndemic conditions is associated with an increased risk of acquiring STDs. Interventions aimed at reducing the acquisition of STDs among sexually exploited girls in Taiwan should adopt a comprehensive approach to address co-occurring conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
| | - Shu-Chen Wang
- National Academy for Educational Research, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chih Wang
- Department of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
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Chen JK, Chang CW, Lin CY, Wang LC. An Investigation of Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Distress and Student Victimization by Teachers. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:3279-3297. [PMID: 35666828 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, and somatization) is associated with student victimization by teachers. The direction and causality of this relationship have not yet been empirically supported. This study examined longitudinal associations between adolescent psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and student victimization by teachers among 419 adolescents in grades 7-9 of secondary schools in Hong Kong. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted to collect student self-reported information about their experiences of victimization by teachers and their psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and somatization, at two time points separated by a 9-month interval. A cross-lagged panel analysis provided evidence for the contribution of depression, anxiety, and somatization to later victimization by teachers. These findings were also relevant for male and female adolescents. The findings suggest that psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety, and somatization, is a risk factor predicting student victimization by teachers rather than the consequences of exposure to teacher violence. The results support the importance of reducing adolescent depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in future intervention programs to prevent them from being victimized by teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, 26451Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Social Work, 34879National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, 34912National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chih Wang
- Department of Special Education, 34881National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
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Yang H, Wu C, Chen JK. Interparental and Intergenerational Co-parenting Conflict and Adolescent Academic Performance: The Mediating Roles of Adolescent Academic Engagement and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315952. [PMID: 36498028 PMCID: PMC9737716 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While a link between co-parenting conflict and academic performance is frequently assumed, studies on this association have shown inconsistent results. In addition, academic engagement and depression can potentially mediate the association between co-parenting conflict and academic performance. However, studies have not tested this proposition. This paper examined the direct effect of co-parenting conflict on adolescent academic performance and the mediating effect of academic engagement and depression. Using data from a nationally representative survey, the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we constructed a sample of 1989 dyads of adolescents (aged 10 to 15) and their primary caregivers in China. The structural equation model analysis revealed that co-parenting conflict was not directly linked with academic performance but was indirectly associated with adolescent academic performance through academic engagement and depression. The findings provide empirical support that academic engagement and depression play important mediating roles in the relationship between co-parenting conflict and adolescent academic performance. Future intervention programs aimed at promoting adolescent academic performance may consider a family-oriented approach to identify adolescents from families with co-parenting conflict and provide them with professional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexin Yang
- Department of Social Work, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chaoyue Wu
- Department of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ma J, Han Y, Kang HR. Physical punishment, physical abuse, and child behavior problems in South Korea. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105385. [PMID: 34800844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior literature has demonstrated the associations of parental physical punishment with child behavior problems and increased risk of physical abuse. In South Korea, physical punishment is a common parenting practice. In 2021, legislative reforms eliminated legal grounds for parental physical punishment in South Korea. However, research on physical punishment, physical abuse, and child behavior problems in the Korean context is scarce. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether physical punishment and physical abuse have unique associations with child behavior problems and whether physical punishment is associated with increased exposure to physical abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data came from the 2010 Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), a nationally representative sample of South Korean children who attended 1st grade in 2010. Our analyses were based on three waves of the KCYPS (N = 2,180). METHODS We employed fixed-effects regression to examine the associations of physical punishment and physical abuse with child behavior problems and the association of physical punishment with physical abuse after controlling for time-invariant characteristics. RESULTS Exposure to physical punishment and physical abuse was associated with higher levels of aggression, depression, and lower levels of academic behavior regulation. Physical punishment was associated with increased risk of physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that physical punishment is a risk for child behavior problems and physical abuse in South Korea. Child maltreatment prevention efforts should focus on shifting favorable social norms around physical punishment and promoting non-physical disciplinary practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ma
- University of Michigan-Flint, 303 East Kearsley Street, Flint, MI 48502, USA.
| | - Yoonsun Han
- Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Rin Kang
- Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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