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Mon-López D, Blanco-García C, Acebes-Sánchez J, Rodríguez-Romo G, Marquina M, Martín-Castellanos A, de la Rubia A, Cordente Martínez C, Oliván Mallén J, Garrido-Muñoz M. Emotional Intelligence in Spanish Elite Athletes: Is There a Differential Factor between Sports? Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:160. [PMID: 37624140 PMCID: PMC10458113 DOI: 10.3390/sports11080160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is a determinant factor in sports performance. The present study analysed differences in total emotional intelligence and its four dimensions in 2166 Spanish athletes (25.20 ± 10.17 years) from eight sports (volleyball, track and field, shooting, football, basketball, handball, gymnastics, and judo). A total of 1200 men and 966 women answered anonymously using a Google Forms questionnaire sent via WhatsApp about demographics and psychological variables. A Pearson correlation was conducted to assess the age-emotional intelligence relationship. An independent T-test and One-Way ANOVA were carried out to check for age differences between biological sex and sport and a One-Way ANCOVA to determine differences between sports controlled by age. Age differences were observed by sex and sport (p < 0.001). An association was found between age and emotional intelligence dimensions (p < 0.001), except for other's emotional appraisal (p > 0.05). Judo was the sport with the highest levels of regulation of emotions, other's emotional appraisal, use of emotion, and total emotional intelligence (p < 0.05). Generally, emotional intelligence was found to be more developed in individual sports than in team sports, except football. Consequently, psychological skills like emotional intelligence could be critical to achieving high performance, depending on the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mon-López
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Cecilia Blanco-García
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Jorge Acebes-Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gabriel Rodríguez-Romo
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Moisés Marquina
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Adrián Martín-Castellanos
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University (UAX), 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso de la Rubia
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Carlos Cordente Martínez
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - Jesús Oliván Mallén
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
| | - María Garrido-Muñoz
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-L.); (C.B.-G.); (G.R.-R.); (M.M.); (A.M.-C.); (C.C.M.); (J.O.M.); (M.G.-M.)
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Lindell-Postigo D, Zurita-Ortega F, Melguizo-Ibáñez E, González-Valero G, Ortiz-Franco M, Ubago-Jiménez JL. Effectiveness of a Judo Intervention Programme on the Psychosocial Area in Secondary School Education Students. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:140. [PMID: 37624120 PMCID: PMC10457884 DOI: 10.3390/sports11080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, many combat sports are pedagogically conceived as uneducational and unreliable for the development of young people. The present research aims to investigate the influence of a Judo intervention programme on the motivational climate towards sport, aggressive behaviour, emotional intelligence, and self-concept in secondary school students and to establish the relationships between them. This objective was broken down into (a) developing an explanatory model of the variables mentioned above and (b) testing the model equations through a multi-group analysis in terms of pre-test and post-test. The present study conducted a pre-post-test quasi-experimental design with a single experimental group. The sample consisted of a total of 139 adolescents (12.67 ± 1.066), 50.4% of whom were male (n = 70) and 49.6% female (n = 69). The results show that the intervention decreased all types of aggression and increased levels of emotional intelligence. An increase in social, physical and academic self-concept and decreases in the family and emotional areas were also observed. Finally, for the motivational climate, a tendency towards the ego climate to the detriment of the task climate was observed. It is concluded that the Judo intervention programme is effective in decreasing aggressive behaviour and effective in increasing levels of emotional intelligence and self-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Félix Zurita-Ortega
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (G.G.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (G.G.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | - Gabriel González-Valero
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (G.G.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
| | | | - José Luis Ubago-Jiménez
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (G.G.-V.); (J.L.U.-J.)
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Zhang J, Bai D, Qin L, Song P. The development of the Chinese version of the Sports Emotional Intelligence Scale. Front Psychol 2022; 13:984426. [PMID: 36262454 PMCID: PMC9574213 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo revise and test the Chinese version of the Sports Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) in sports situations.Materials and methodsAfter pretesting 112 college students, 832 college students were formally tested, and item analysis, validity test, internal consistency reliability analysis, and calibration validity and equivalence test of the Chinese version of the SEIS were performed. The Chinese version of the SEIS had 14 items with four dimensions (evaluation of others’ emotions, self-emotional management, emotion use, and social skills), with a cumulative variance contribution of 57.812 percent; the four-factor measurement model fit well (χ2/df = 3.743, NFI = 0.917, GFI = 0.945, AFGI = 0.913, CFI = 0.926, and RMSEA = 0.062). The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s α) of the Chinese version of the SEIS ranged from 0.824 to 0. 905, and the split-half reliability ranged from 0.807 to 0.891; the correlations between the total SEIS score and its dimensional scores and the calibration variables were significantly correlated (p < 0.05), ranging from 0.255 to 0.603. The gender measure equivalence test was valid, and the mean difference of potential variables across gender groups was not significant in the potential mean analysis.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the SEIS has good reliability and validity, and it is appropriate for assessing emotional intelligence in sports situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Zhang,
| | - Donghuan Bai
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Long Qin
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
| | - Pengwei Song
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, China
- School of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
- Pengwei Song,
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Stanković N, Todorović D, Milošević N, Mitrović M, Stojiljković N. Aggressiveness in Judokas and Team Athletes: Predictive Value of Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 12:824123. [PMID: 35082739 PMCID: PMC8785184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.824123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combat sports and martial arts are often associated with aggressiveness among the general public, although data on judo and/or martial arts and aggressiveness seem to be unclear. This research aims to compare athletes who have trained judo for a prolonged time (minimum 5 years) and athletes from various team sports, primarily regarding the manifestation of aggression, but also regarding personality traits, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy. Also, the potential predictive value of personality traits, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy for aggression within subsamples of judokas and team athletes was tested. The research findings showed that professional judo athletes are characterized by a low degree of aggression, especially low indirect and physical manifestations of aggression. In addition, the personality traits Honesty-Humility and Openness to experience are well expressed, contrary to Emotionality and Extraversion, which are less pronounced. They are also characterized by moderate general self-efficacy. On the other hand, members of team sports produced the opposite results, as they are characterized by increased aggression, pronounced traits of Emotionality and Extraversion, somewhat less pronounced traits of Honesty-Humility, Openness to new experience, and less pronounced general self-efficacy. The percentage of explained variability of aggression is slightly higher in the subsample of team sports and constitutes 49.9% of the variability, while in the subsample of judokas it constitutes 47.8% of the variability of the criteria. Practical implications, limitations, and future research directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Stanković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušan Todorović
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola Milošević
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Mitrović
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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