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Warneke K, Plöschberger G, Lohmann LH, Lichtenstein E, Jochum D, Siegel SD, Zech A, Behm DG. Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:509-520. [PMID: 38244921 PMCID: PMC11184403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute improvement in range of motion (ROM) is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling, which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous stiffness. Interestingly, these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle temperature. Therefore, we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle temperature. METHODS After a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases, 38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were included. These studies had 1134 participants in total, and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes (ESs). ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with R-package. RESULTS Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair (PEDro score = 4.58) with low to moderate certainty of evidence. Results showed no significant differences in ROM (ES = 0.01, p = 0.88), stiffness (ES = 0.09, p = 0.67), or passive peak torque (ES = -0.30, p = 0.14) between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified activities. Funnel plots revealed no publication bias. CONCLUSION Based on current literature, our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up programs. The lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM, passive peak torque increases, or stiffness reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Warneke
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020, Austria.
| | - Gerit Plöschberger
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020, Austria
| | - Lars H Lohmann
- Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07749, Germany
| | - Eric Lichtenstein
- Department Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Jochum
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav D Siegel
- Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07749, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Department of Human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07749, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Taheri P, Sadri S, Maghroori R. Effect of Adding Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy to Conventional Therapy for Patients With Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Upper Trapezius: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Chiropr Med 2023; 22:257-264. [PMID: 38205230 PMCID: PMC10774611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of adding transfer energy capacitive and resistive (TECAR) therapy to conventional therapy on patients' symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper trapezius. Methods Fifty patients with MPS in the upper trapezius were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group received TECAR therapy (capacitive mode, 2 sessions weekly), and conventional treatment comprised of stretching exercise (9 times a day) and medication (acetaminophen and tizanidine) for 3 weeks, and the comparison group received conventional treatment (same as the intervention group) alone. The patients completed the Numeric Pain Scale, Neck Disability Index, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index before, after, and 1 month after the treatment. Results All variables were significantly reduced within both groups by time and treatment separately (P < .001), while a general comparison among the groups showed a significant reduction for all variables in the intervention group compared with the comparison group (P < .05) except for shoulder disability (P = .114). Moreover, the intervention group had better results compared with the comparison group based on the minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion A combination of TECAR therapy, exercise, and medication substantially reduced symptom severity for patients with MPS in the upper trapezius when compared to only exercise and medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Taheri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soroush Sadri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Maghroori
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Cabizosu A, Marín-Pagán C, Martínez-Serrano A, Alcaraz PE, Martínez-Noguera FJ. Myotendinous Thermoregulation in National Level Sprinters after a Unilateral Fatigue Acute Bout-A Descriptive Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9330. [PMID: 38067705 PMCID: PMC10708647 DOI: 10.3390/s23239330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade there has been a growing interest in infrared thermography in the field of sports medicine in order to elucidate the mechanisms of thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to describe bilateral variations in skin temperature of the anterior thigh and patellar tendon in healthy athletes and to provide a model of baseline tendon and muscle thermoregulation in healthy sprinters following a unilateral isokinetic fatigue protocol. Fifteen healthy national-level sprinters (eleven men and four women), with at least 3 years of athletic training experience of 10-12 h/week and competing in national-level competitions, underwent unilateral isokinetic force testing and electrostimulation in which their body temperature was measured before, during, and after the protocol using an infrared thermographic camera. ANOVA detected a significant difference in the time × side interaction for patellar temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant difference in the time/side interaction for quadriceps temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001). The thermal challenge produces homogeneous changes evident in quadriceps areas, but not homogeneous in tendon areas. These data show that metabolic and blood flow changes may depend on the physical and mechanical properties of each tissue. Future research could be conducted to evaluate the predictive value of neuromuscular fatigue in the patellar tendon and quadriceps after exercise in order to optimize post-exercise recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cabizosu
- THERMHESC Group, Chair of Molina Ribera Hospital, C. Asociación, S/N, 30500 Molina de Segura, Spain;
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (P.E.A.); (F.J.M.-N.)
| | - Cristian Marín-Pagán
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (P.E.A.); (F.J.M.-N.)
| | - Antonio Martínez-Serrano
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (P.E.A.); (F.J.M.-N.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (P.E.A.); (F.J.M.-N.)
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Nº 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (P.E.A.); (F.J.M.-N.)
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Choobsaz H, Ghotbi N, Mohamadi P. Comparison Between the Effects of Transfer Energy Capacitive and Resistive Therapy and Therapeutic Ultrasound on Hamstring Muscle Shortness in Male Athletes: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Galen Med J 2023; 12:1-9. [PMID: 38989035 PMCID: PMC11234255 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v12i.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfer energy capacitive and resistive (TECAR) therapy (TT) is a newly developed deep heating therapy that can generate heat within tissues through high-frequency wave stimulation. Compared to conventional physiotherapy methods, the application of TT especially in sports rehabilitation is becoming more popular. This study aimed to investigate the comparative effect of TT and therapeutic ultrasound (US) on hamstring muscle shortness. Additionally, the effects of TT with static stretching (SS) were compared with US combined with SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 39 male athletes with hamstring shortness were randomly assigned into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A received 15 minutes of TT plus SS, while Group B received 15 minutes of US with SS, and Group C only performed SS. Hamstring flexibility was measured by active knee extension (AKE), passive knee extension (PKE), and the sit and Reach (SR) tests before the intervention, and following the first, and third treatment sessions. RESULTS The range of motion of the AKE and PKE, and displacement range in the SR test improved significantly after the first and third sessions in all three groups (P0.0001). The improvement of the three flexibility indices in the TT group was greater than in the other two groups. CONCLUSION The present study showed that TT could increase the flexibility of hamstring muscles more than US therapy. However, TT in combination with SS had a similar effect to SS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Choobsaz
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghotbi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Mohamadi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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He P, Fu W, Shao H, Zhang M, Xie Z, Xiao J, Li L, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Wang Q. The effect of therapeutic physical modalities on pain, function, and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:376. [PMID: 37173661 PMCID: PMC10176871 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction, which is characterised by myofascial trigger points. Therapeutic physical modalities, as potentially effective treatment options, are commonly used in the clinical setting for the patients with MPS. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic physical modalities in the treatment of MPS, investigate its therapeutic mechanisms and provide a scientific evidence-based decision. METHODS According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical studies published from database inception to October 30, 2022. A total of 25 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from these studies and a qualitative analysis was performed. RESULTS Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, laser therapy, and other therapeutic physical modalities have been demonstrated to improve the pain symptoms, joint mobility, psychological state, and quality of life in the patients with MPS and no side effects have been reported. The curative effect of therapeutic physical modalities was found to be possibly associated with increased blood perfusion and oxygen supply in ischaemic tissues, reduced hyperalgesia in the peripheral and central nerves, and decreased involuntary muscle contractions. CONCLUSION The systematic review has shown that therapeutic physical modalities could provide a safe and effective therapeutic option for MPS. However, the consensus is currently lacking regarding the optimal treatment paradigm, therapeutic parameters, and mutual combination of therapeutic physical modalities. The clinical trials with robust quality are required to further promote the evidence-based application of therapeutic physical modalities for MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijue He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Fu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Shao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoli Xie
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Rehabilitation Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Staszkiewicz R, Gralewski M, Gładysz D, Bryś K, Garczarek M, Gadzieliński M, Marcol W, Sobański D, Grabarek BO, sobaÅ Ski D, Grabarek BO. Evaluation of the concentration of growth associated protein-43 and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in degenerated intervertebral discs of the lumbosacral region of the spine. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231158287. [PMID: 36733259 PMCID: PMC10071099 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231158287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Important neurotrophic factors that are potentially involved in degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) disease of the spine's lumbosacral (L/S) region include glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43). The aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentrations of GAP-43 and GDNF in degenerated and healthy IVDs and to quantify and compare the GAP-43-positive and GDNF-positive nerve fibers. The study group consisted of 113 Caucasian patients with symptomatic lumbosacral discopathy (confirmed by a specialist surgeon), an indication for surgical treatment. The control group included 81 people who underwent postmortem examination. GAP-43 and GDNF concentrations were significantly higher in IVD samples from the study group compared with the control group, and the highest concentrations were observed in the degenerated IVDs that were graded 4 on the Pfirrmann scale. In the case of GAP-43, it was found that as the degree of IVD degeneration increased, the number of GAP-43-positive nerve fibers decreased. In the case of GDNF, the greatest number of fibers per mm2 of surface area was found in the IVD samples graded 3 on the Pfirrmann scale, and the number was found to be lower in samples graded 4 and 5. Hence, GAP-43 and GDNF are promising targets for analgesic treatment of degenerative IVD disease of the lumbosacral region of the spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Gralewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorian Gładysz
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kamil Bryś
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Garczarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Gadzieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Marcol
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, 49613Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Specialist Hospital No. 2 in Jastrzębie - Zdrój, Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland
| | - Dawid Sobański
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Szpital sw Rafala w Krakowie, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia Zabrze, Poland
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Bryś K, Grabarek BO, Król P, Staszkiewicz R, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Król T. The Thermal Influence of an Electromagnetic Field with a Radio Frequency Depending on the Type of Electrode Used. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11378. [PMID: 36141650 PMCID: PMC9517109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diathermy is a method used in physiotherapy based on obtaining an increase in temperature by supplying energy from the electromagnetic field to the tissues. The aim of this retrospective work, based on the data included in a medical documentation, was to assess the dynamics of temperature changes on the body surface after the application of a high-frequency electromagnetic field depending on the type of electrode used. In order to generate a radio frequency electromagnetic field, an INDIBA ACTIV® CT9 was used. In order to measure the temperature, an HT-17 thermovision camera was used, enabling measurements within the range of -20 to 300 °C, with an accuracy of ±2% or 2 °C. The participants consisted of 30 healthy subjects (15 women and 15 men) who were physiotherapy students in the Faculty of Public Health in the Silesian Medical University in Katowice, Poland; they were divided into two comparative groups (A and B). It was found that the differences between the groups were not significant in the measurements carried out before using the electrode (p = 0.84; Mann-Whitney U test). On the other hand, at 0, 5 and 15 min, statistically significant differences were noted in the tissue temperature between the groups, depending on the electrode used (p = 0.00; Mann-Whitney U test). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that with the extension of the observation time, the tissue temperature increased (for Group A, Me 30.40 °C vs. 34.90 °C; for Group B, Me 30.70 °C vs. 35.20 °C). Our study confirmed that the use of both a capacitive and resistive electrode during treatment with the use of a high-frequency electromagnetic field statistically significantly increased the surface temperature of the area to which the therapy was applied. The results of the study can be used in clinical practice by physiotherapists to optimize the conditions of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bryś
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Król
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Król
- Department of Kinesitherapy and Special Methods, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Infrared Thermography as a Non-Invasive Tool in Musculoskeletal Disease Rehabilitation—The Control Variables in Applicability—A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the usefulness of infrared thermography (IRT) as a valuable supplementary imaging method in medical diagnostics, as well as for assessing the effects of the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, has been increasingly confirmed. At the same time, great importance is attached to the standards of thermographic research, the fulfillment of which determines the correct methodology and interpretation of the results. This article discusses the medical applications of infrared thermography in musculoskeletal system diseases, with particular emphasis on its usefulness in assessing the therapeutic effects of physical treatments used in rehabilitation. The literature from the last decade that is available in the Medline and Web of Science databases has been reviewed. Among the physiotherapeutic methods used, the following were selected that directly affect the musculoskeletal system: cryotherapy, laser therapy, electrotherapy, diathermy, and massage. The article summarizes all the guidelines and recommendations for IR imaging in medicine and rehabilitation.
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