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Leitão L, Campos Y, Louro H, Figueira ACC, Figueiredo T, Pereira A, Conceição A, Marinho DA, Neiva HP. Detraining and Retraining Effects from a Multicomponent Training Program on the Functional Capacity and Health Profile of Physically Active Prehypertensive Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38275551 PMCID: PMC10815818 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resuming a physical exercise program after a period of cessation is common in older women. Monitoring the responses during this detraining (DT) and retraining (RT) may allow us to analyze how the body reacts to an increase and a reduction in physical inactivity. Therefore, we conducted a follow-up training, DT, and RT in prehypertensive older women to analyze the response to these periods. METHODS Twenty-three prehypertensive older women (EG; 68.3 ± 2.8 years; 1.61 ± 0.44 m) performed 36 weeks of the multicomponent training program (MTP) followed by twelve weeks of DT plus eight weeks of RT. Fifteen prehypertensive older women (CG; 66.3 ± 3.2 years; 1.59 ± 0.37 m) maintained their normal routine. Functional capacity (FC), lipid, and hemodynamic profile were assessed before, during 24 and 36 weeks of the MTP, after 4 and 12 weeks of DT, and after 8 weeks of RT. RESULTS After 24 weeks of the MTP, only SBP did not improve. Four weeks of DT did not affect lower body strength (30-CS), TC, or GL. Eight weeks of RT improved BP (SBP: -2.52%; ES: 0.36; p < 0.00; DBP: -1.45%; ES: 0.44; p < 0.02), handgrip strength (3.77%; ES: 0.51; p < 0.00), and 30-CS (3.17%; ES: 0.38; p < 0.04) compared with 36 weeks of the MTP. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of RT allowed patients to recover the benefits lost with detraining, which after only four weeks affected them negatively, and the systematic practice of exercise contributed to greater regulation of BP since 24 weeks of the MTP proved not to be enough to promote positive effects of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Study Group and Research in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Louro
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.C.C.F.); (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana Conceição
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Santarém, Portugal; (H.L.); (A.C.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel A. Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique P. Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (D.A.M.); (H.P.N.)
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, N SK, Palaniswamy HP, Uppoor R, Ravichandran K, Almeshari M, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A. Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults-A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215120. [PMID: 36429835 PMCID: PMC9690278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghuraj Uppoor
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Derelakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Leitão L, Venturini GRO, Junior RP, Monteiro ER, Telles LG, Araújo G, Novaes J, Tavares C, Marques-Neto S, Mazini M. Impact of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Balance, Quality of Life and Physical Activity Level of Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11765. [PMID: 36142038 PMCID: PMC9517151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and physical fitness are key factors for quality of life (QoL) for older women. The aging process promotes the decrease in some capacities such as strength, which affect the activities of daily life. This loss of strength leads to a reduction in balance and an increased risk of falls as well as a sedentary lifestyle. Resistance Training (RT) is an effective method to improve balance and strength but different RT protocols can promote different responses. Power training has a higher impact on the performance of activities of daily life. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze if different RT protocols promote individual responses in balance, QoL and PA levels of older women and which are more effective for the older women. METHODS Ninety-four older women were divided into four RT groups (relative strength endurance training, SET; Traditional strength training, TRT; absolute strength training, AST; power training, PWT) and one control group (CG). Each RT group performed a specific protocol for 16 weeks. At baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks, we assessed balance through the Berg balance scale; PA levels with a modified Baecke questionnaire and QoL with World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD module (WHOQOL-OLD). RESULTS Balance improved after 16 weeks (baseline vs. 16 weeks; p < 0.05) without differences between all RT groups. PWT (2.82%) and TRT (3.48%) improved balance in the first 8 weeks (baseline vs. 8 weeks; p < 0.05). PA levels increased in PWT, TRT and AST after 16 weeks (baseline vs. 16 weeks; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All RT protocols improved PA levels and QoL after 16 weeks of training. For the improvement of balance, QoL and PA, older women can be subjected to PWT, AST and SET, and not be restricted to TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Gabriela R. O. Venturini
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
- Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Leopoldina 36700-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pace Junior
- Graduate Program of Physical Education of Fasar, Santa Rita Faculty, Conselheiro Lafaiete 36400-000, Brazil
| | - Estêvão Rios Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro 21041-020, Brazil
- Undergraduate Program in Physical Education, IBMR University Center, Rio de Janeiro 22631-002, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Telles
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Gleisson Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tavares
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Marques-Neto
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Rio de Janeiro 24030-060, Brazil
- Physical Education Graduate School, Estácio de Sá University (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro 20771-004, Brazil
| | - Mauro Mazini
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil
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Leitão L, Marocolo M, de Souza HLR, Arriel RA, Campos Y, Mazini M, Junior RP, Figueiredo T, Louro H, Pereira A. Three-Month vs. One-Year Detraining Effects after Multicomponent Exercise Program in Hypertensive Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052871. [PMID: 35270564 PMCID: PMC8910620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in older women. Physical exercise training programs promote beneficial effects for health and quality of life. However, exercise interruption periods may be detrimental for the hemodynamic and lipidic profiles of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Methods: Nineteen hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia (exercise group: 67.5 ± 5.4 years, 1.53 ± 3.42 m, 71.84 ± 7.45 kg) performed a supervised multicomponent exercise training program (METP) during nine months, followed by a one-year detraining period (DT), while fourteen hypertensive older women (control group: 66.4 ± 5.2 years, 1.56 ± 3.10 m, 69.38 ± 5.24 kg) with dyslipidemia kept their continued daily routine without exercise. For both groups, hemodynamic and lipidic profiles and functional capacities (FCs) were assessed four times: before and after the METP and after 3 and 12 months of DT (no exercise was carried out). Results: The METP improved hemodynamic and lipidic profiles (p < 0.05), while three months of DT decreased all (p < 0.05) parameters, with the exception of diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One year of DT significantly (p < 0.01) decreased systolic blood pressure (7.85%), DBP (2.29%), resting heart rate (7.95%), blood glucose (19.14%), total cholesterol (10.27%), triglycerides (6.92%) and FC—agility (4.24%), lower- (−12.75%) and upper-body strength (−12.17%), cardiorespiratory capacity (−4.81%) and lower- (−16.16%) and upper-body flexibility (−11.11%). Conclusion: Nine months of the exercise program significantly improved the hemodynamic and lipid profiles as well as the functional capacities of hypertensive older women with dyslipidemia. Although a detraining period is detrimental to these benefits, it seems that the first three months are more prominent in these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Hiago L. R. de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Rhai André Arriel
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil; (M.M.); (H.L.R.d.S.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Yuri Campos
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil;
- Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Mazini
- Graduate Program in Physical Education—Sudamerica Faculty, Cataguases 36774-552, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Pace Junior
- Graduate Program of Physical Education of Fasar—Santa Rita Faculty, Conselheiro Lafaiete 36400-000, Brazil;
| | - Teresa Figueiredo
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Hugo Louro
- Sports Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (T.F.); (A.P.)
- Life Quality Research Centre, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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