Association of the Reproductive Period with Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Menopausal Women: A Study from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank (2016-2020)

Protective effects of long-term nitrate administration against ovariectomy-induced kidney dysfunction in rats

BACKGROUND

Menopause is associated with higher risks of chronic kidney disease. We determined the effect of nitrate on ovariectomy-induced kidney dysfunction METHODS: Control, ovariectomized (OVX), control + nitrate, and OVX + nitrate female Wistar rats (n = 10/group); sodium nitrate (100 mg/L) administered in drinking water for 9 months. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin excretion rate (AER) were calculated from serum and urine parameters. At month 9, serum and kidney levels of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (NOx), oxidative stress indices, and mRNA expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were measured; with histological analyses of the kidney.

RESULTS

Compared to controls, OVX rats had lower GFR (31%, p = 0.0079), higher glomerular tuft volume (30%, p = 0.0402), and Bowman's capsule space (39%, p = 0.0224). OVX rats had lower serum NOx (33%, p = 0.0061) and kidney eNOS mRNA expression (34%, p = 0.0368). Nitrate administration to: (i) control rats increased serum NOx (59%, p < 0.0001), with no effect on other parameters; (ii) OVX rats increased serum (85%, p < 0.0001) and kidney (106%, p = 0.0008) NOx values, and restored kidney eNOS expression to normal value. Nitrate administration to OVX rats increased GFR (36%, p = 0.0361) and restored glomerular tuft volume and Bowman's capsule space to normal values. In OVX rats, it also increased serum catalase (CAT) activity, serum and kidney total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA).

CONCLUSIONS

Low-dose long-term nitrate administration protects against ovariectomy-induced kidney dysfunction in rats. This effect is associated with reducing ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress and restoring eNOS-derived NO deficiency in systemic circulation and the kidney.

Association between probiotic, prebiotic, and yogurt consumption and chronic kidney disease: The NHANES 2010-2020

Background

Previous studies suggested that gut dysbacteriosis may promote the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements may alleviate CKD progression. This study aims to examine the association between probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements and the risk of CKD using the data from NHANES.

Methods

This study was designed to prospectively search data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2020). We examined dietary supplements and prescription medication labels to identify probiotic, or prebiotic product, and yogurt consumption during the dietary interview. The diagnosis of CKD was determined by the value of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR).

Results

The study enrolled a total of 6,522 individuals. The prevalence of CKD was lower in the probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt consumption group [age-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.95, P = 0.02; multivariable-adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.07, P = 0.05]. Furthermore, 32% reduced risk was observed in the older group aged 55 years or older, and 32% reduced risk was also observed in the female population. Probiotic, or prebiotic, or yogurt supplements was associated a 12% reduction in moderate risk of CKD and an 11% reduction in very high risk of CKD.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that probiotic, prebiotic, or yogurt supplements may contribute to the prevention of CKD and relieve its progression risk, especially in the female population and older population who were aged 55 years or older.

Association between Use of Nutrition Labels and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2019

Nutrition labeling on food packages is increasingly found to promote healthier food choices associated with lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To examine associations between nutrition labels use and CKD risk, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study of 32,080 adults from the 2008−2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrition labels use was collected via self-reported questionnaires. Ascertainment and severity of CKD was determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate or proteinuria. In multivariable-adjusted (MV) logistic regression models, increasing awareness and use of nutrition labels was significantly associated with lower CKD risk (MV-adjusted OR “nutrition labels aware and use” group vs. “nutrition labels unaware” group [95% CIs]: 0.75 [0.59−0.95], Ptrend:0.03). This inverse association varied with CKD’s risk of progression, with 21% and 42% reduced risk observed for CKD subtypes with “moderate” and “high” risk of progression, respectively (all Ptrend ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, the nutrition labels use and CKD risk association significantly differed by age, with 35% reduced risk observed in the older group aged 49 years or older, but not in the younger group (Pinteraction < 0.001). Our results suggest increasing perception and use of nutrition labels may contribute to CKD prevention and its early asymptomatic progression, especially in older adults.