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The Impact of Spermidine on C2C12 Myoblasts Proliferation, Redox Status and Polyamines Metabolism under H2O2 Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910986. [PMID: 36232289 PMCID: PMC9569770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A central feature of the skeletal muscle is its ability to regenerate through the activation, by environmental signals, of satellite cells. Once activated, these cells proliferate as myoblasts, and defects in this process profoundly affect the subsequent process of regeneration. High levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the consequent formation of oxidized macromolecules increase myoblasts’ cell death and strongly contribute to the loss of myoblast function. Recently, particular interest has turned towards the beneficial effects on muscle of the naturally occurring polyamine spermidine (Spd). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Spd, upon oxidative challenge, would restore the compromised myoblasts’ viability and redox status. The effects of Spd in combination with aminoguanidine (Spd-AG), an inhibitor of bovine serum amine oxidase, on murine C2C12 myoblasts treated with a mild dose of H2O2 were evaluated by analyzing: (i) myoblast viability and recovery from wound scratch; (ii) redox status and (iii) polyamine (PAs) metabolism. The treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with Spd-AG increased cell number and accelerated scratch wound closure, while H2O2 exposure caused redox status imbalance and cell death. The combined treatment with Spd-AG showed an antioxidant effect on C2C12 myoblasts, partially restoring cellular total antioxidant capacity, reducing the oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and increasing cell viability through a reduction in cell death. Moreover, Spd-AG administration counteracted the induction of polyamine catabolic genes and PA content decreased due to H2O2 challenges. In conclusion, our data suggest that Spd treatment has a protective role in skeletal muscle cells by restoring redox balance and promoting recovery from wound scratches, thus making myoblasts able to better cope with an oxidative insult.
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Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Ceci R, Lista M, Sabatini S, Caporossi D, Di Luigi L, Sgrò P, Dimauro I. Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulates Dihydrotestosterone Release in C2C12 Myotubes: A New Perspective for Exercise-Related Muscle Steroidogenesis? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126566. [PMID: 35743011 PMCID: PMC9223901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue that has recently been recognized for its ability to produce androgens under physiological conditions. The steroidogenesis process is known to be negatively influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in reproductive Leydig and ovary cells, while their effect on muscle steroidogenesis is still an unexplored field. Muscle cells are continuously exposed to ROS, resulting from both their metabolic activity and the surrounding environment. Interestingly, the regulation of signaling pathways, induced by mild ROS levels, plays an important role in muscle fiber adaptation to exercise, in a process that also elicits a significant modulation in the hormonal response. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ROS could influence steroidogenesis in skeletal muscle cells by evaluating the release of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), as well as the evaluation of the relative expression of the key steroidogenic enzymes 5α-reductase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, and aromatase. C2C12 mouse myotubes were exposed to a non-cytotoxic concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a condition intended to reproduce, in vitro, one of the main stimuli linked to the process of homeostasis and adaptation induced by exercise in skeletal muscle. Moreover, the influence of tadalafil (TAD), a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) originally used to treat erectile dysfunction but often misused among athletes as a "performance-enhancing" drug, was evaluated in a single treatment or in combination with H2O2. Our data showed that a mild hydrogen peroxide exposure induced the release of DHT, but not T, and modulated the expression of the enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, while TAD treatment significantly reduced the H2O2-induced DHT release. This study adds a new piece of information about the adaptive skeletal muscle cell response to an oxidative environment, revealing that hydrogen peroxide plays an important role in activating muscle steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Lista
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.A.); (M.L.); (L.D.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Laboratory of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Roma, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
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Imani MH, Hassanpour S, Asghari A, Khaksar E. Parental exposure of Tadalafil has beneficial effect on Reflexive Motor Behaviors in Mice Offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:397-406. [DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Imani
- Graduate student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Hassanpour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ehssan Khaksar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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