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Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Changes around Dental Implants with Platform-Switched and Platform-Matched Abutments: A Retrospective 5-Year Radiographic Evaluation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081226. [PMID: 36013175 PMCID: PMC9409950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving the marginal bone level (MBL) is essential for the long-term success of dental implant therapy, and bone remodeling around dental implants is considered to vary with time. Numerous studies comparing the platform-switching (PS) and platform-matching (PM) dental implants have indicated that PS dental implants showed a lesser reduction for the MBL, and the majority of them had a relatively short period. This study aimed to evaluate vertical and horizontal bone defects by using digital periapical radiographs to examine the changes in MBL around PM and PS dental implants over 5 years after functional loading. The vertical MBL (vMBL) was measured from the implant–abutment junction to the first bone-to-implant contact. The horizontal MBL (hMBL) was measured from the implant–abutment junction to the bone crest. All data were presented as means ± standard errors. Paired and independent t-tests with Welch’s correction were used to analyze the data. A total of 61 dental implants in 38 patients after 5 years of functional loading were evaluated. Over time, PS dental implants were more likely to gain bone; by contrast, PM dental implants were more likely to lose bone during the observation time. Changes in vMBL for PS dental implants were significantly less than those for PM dental implants at 1-year (p = 0.045), 3-year (p = 0.021), and 5-year (p = 0.010) loading. Likewise, changes in hMBL for PS dental implants were significantly smaller than in those for PM dental implants at 3-year (p = 0.021) and 5-year (p = 0.006) loading; however, the changes were minimal in both approaches. PS dental implants had a significant increment in the percentage of bone integration, whereas that for PM dental implants dropped over time, with no significance. In PS dental implants that occlude with natural teeth, vertical and horizontal bone gain was observed, and it was significant at 3 years (p = 0.023). A significant horizontal bone gain was observed in the opposing natural teeth at 3-year (p = 0.002) and 5-year loading (p = 0.002). The PS concept appears to preserve more MBL around dental implants by stabilizing the vMBL and hMBL over a 5-year period. A minimal marginal bone change was detected in both concepts. The opposing natural teeth at PS dental implants showed a favorable effect on marginal bone tissues.
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Lin HT, Lin JCY, Salamanca E, Dorj O, Pan YH, Wu YF, Hsu YS, Fang CY, Chang WJ. Marginal Bone Level Evaluation of Fixed Partial Dental Prostheses Using Preformed Stock versus CAD/CAM Customized Abutments. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071051. [PMID: 35887548 PMCID: PMC9317139 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The maintenance of marginal bone levels around dental implants is an important criterion for evaluating the success of implants. Although computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized abutments (CAs) provide more flexible solutions, compared with the original preformed stock abutments (PAs), there are dimensional tolerances and underlying drawbacks in the production of CAD/CAM CAs, which may change the tightness and seamless connection between fixtures and abutments set by the manufacturer and then affect the long-term stability of the abutments. This study aimed to examine the change in both mesial and distal bone levels using digital periapical radiographs to evaluate the difference between CAD/CAM CAs and original PAs.Material and methods: Radiographs were taken before delivery; after functional loading for 1 month; and after 3, 6, and 12 months; and the vertical marginal bone levels (vMBLs) of both the mesial and distal surrounding implant bones were measured. All data are presented as means ± standard errors and were analyzed using Student’s t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was judged to represent a significant difference. Results: A total of 57 implants in 50 patients were divided into 22 CAD/CAM CAs and 35 original stock abutments. The PAs appeared to have a more stable bone level. By contrast, the amount of bone level change in the CAs was higher than that in the PAs. The change in the vMBL of the CAs was significantly more than that of the PAs after functional loading for 1 month (p = 0.006), 3 months (p = 0.013), 6 months (p = 0.014), and 12 months (p = 0.002). In contrast, the distal marginal bone level was lower than the mesial marginal bone level in any period. Nevertheless, the bone levels of the CAs and PAs in any period were comparable with no significant difference. Conclusions: Significant differences were found between the mesial and distal bone levels in the PAs. The CAD/CAM CAs showed a significantly greater bone level change than the original stock abutments after functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Jerry Chin-Yi Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 01238, USA
| | - Eisner Salamanca
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Odontuya Dorj
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Dental technology and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Yu-Hwa Pan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Yung-Szu Hsu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 5148) (W.-J.C.)
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (H.-T.L.); (J.C.-Y.L.); (E.S.); (O.D.); (Y.-H.P.); (Y.-F.W.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.); (W.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 5148) (W.-J.C.)
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