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Ye J, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang L, Jiang X, Liu B, He G. Targeting autophagy and beyond: Deconvoluting the complexity of Beclin-1 from biological function to cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4688-4714. [PMID: 38045051 PMCID: PMC10692397 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Beclin-1 is the firstly-identified mammalian protein of the autophagy machinery, which functions as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of PI3KC3 (class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) complex, thus controlling autophagy induction and other cellular trafficking events. Notably, there is mounting evidence establishing the implications of Beclin-1 in diverse tumorigenesis processes, including tumor suppression and progression as well as resistance to cancer therapeutics and CSC (cancer stem-like cell) maintenance. More importantly, Beclin-1 has been confirmed as a potential target for the treatment of multiple cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the structure, functions, and regulations of Beclin-1, and we discuss recent advances in understanding the controversial roles of Beclin-1 in oncology. Moreover, we focus on summarizing the targeted Beclin-1-regulating strategies in cancer therapy, providing novel insights into a promising strategy for regulating Beclin-1 to improve cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, Chengdu 610041, China
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Barca I, Ferragina F, Kallaverja E, Arrotta A, Cristofaro MG. Electrochemotherapy as an Effective Alternative in the Treatment of Local Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Treated Cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5170. [PMID: 36982078 PMCID: PMC10049161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oral squamous cell carcinomas represent a major challenge for maxillofacial surgeons, oncologists and radiation therapists. They also account for a large share of healthcare costs. They respond little and/or poorly to conventional therapies (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Electrochemotherapy is a new method used as a palliative treatment in patients with advanced cancer of the neck/head region who are not eligible for standard therapies. It combines the use of cytotoxic drugs with the physical principle of electroporation; it effectively controls the tumour locally and preserves organ function. To date, ECT has been little used for oral mucosal tumours, as this is difficult to access for electrodes. We report six cases of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy. This study aims to assess the debulking effect of cancer via ECT in patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. It also aims to assess the safety and tolerability of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Barca
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferragina
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvis Kallaverja
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Arrotta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Cristofaro
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Liu JF, Chang TM, Chen PH, Lin JSW, Tsai YJ, Wu HM, Lee CJ. Naringenin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell apoptosis and autophagy in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14221. [PMID: 35596593 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most common oral cancers owing to high percentage of betel nuts chewers, smokers, and alcohol consumption. With current treatment strategies in OSCC, more than half patients relapse and develop distant metastases with poor prognosis. To overcome the incident, OSCC poses a challenge in current therapies and treatments. Naringenin, a natural flavonoid, has been noted for antitumor effects on various types of cancers; however, the effects of naringenin on OSCC remain bias. In this study, naringenin demonstrated the potential multifunction in human OSCC cells not only leading to cell apoptosis, but also alternating the general function of autophagy, serving as pro-survival mechanism by inducing the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling through intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the process of programmed cell death, naringenin induced apoptotic signaling through caspase-cascade, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress by aberrance of Ca2+ release. In contrast, under the presence of naringenin, the pro-survival has been altered into pro-death to activate the caspases-mediated apoptosis achieving cell death. The cross-function of apoptosis and autophagy has demonstrated the effect of naringenin-induced intracellular ROS activity in OSCC cells. Therefore, this study found that the effect of naringenin induces intracellular ROS to trigger programmed cell death and ER stress through the mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy in human oral squamous carcinoma. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study revealed that naringenin debilitated the OSCC cell viability via the intracellular ROS production, ER stress, and autophagy, leading to cell apoptosis. Based on these studies and findings, naringenin provided an antitumor effect as a novel natural compound to improve the current therapies in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chang
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaster Szu-Wei Lin
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jeng Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Mei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sorrentino A, Ferragina F, Barca I, Arrotta A, Cristofaro MG. Extra-Nodal Lymphomas of the Head and Neck and Oral Cavity: A Retrospective Study. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7189-7197. [PMID: 36290843 PMCID: PMC9601190 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease Overview: Lymphomas, both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, are one of the most common cancers in the head and neck area. The extra-nodal variant of lymphoma is rare, but it is the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ENHL). Furthermore, it is difficult to diagnose due to its non-specific clinical and radiological features, which can mimic other benign or malignant clinical manifestations. The study: This retrospective study involved 72 patients affected by head and neck ENHL in the period between 2003 and 2017. All patients underwent a diagnostic-therapeutic procedure according to the guidelines, and a 5-year follow-up. Based on the location of the swelling at the time of diagnosis, patients were divided into two groups: oral and non-oral ENHLs. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. In addition, Fisher's exact test was applied to the two groups to evaluate and compare variances (the acceptable significance level was set at p < 0.05). Conclusion: ENHL with oral localization is much more aggressive than ENHL with non-oral localization, with a death rate of 40% (versus 4.76 for the non-oral one). In fact, between the two groups, there is a statistically significant difference in mortality, with a p-value of 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Sorrentino
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferragina
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-364-7271; Fax: +39-0961-364-7229
| | - Ida Barca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Arrotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Cristofaro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, “Magna Graecia” University, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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