Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI-K)

Generic and disease-specific self-care instruments in older patients affected by multiple chronic conditions: A descriptive study

AIMS

To describe and compare generic and disease-specific self-care measures in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in the three dimensions of self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management.

DESIGN

Multicentre cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Patients aged 65 and over with MCCs. We used Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory to measure generic self-care, Self-care of Diabetes Inventory to measure self-care in diabetes mellitus, Self-Care of Heart Failure (HF) Index to measure self-care in HF, and Self-Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory to measure self-care in chronic lung diseases.

RESULTS

We recruited 896 patients. Multimorbid patients with diabetes had lower scores on the self-care maintenance scale, and diabetic patients in insulin treatment on the generic management scale than on the disease-specific instrument. Multimorbid patients with HF or chronic lung diseases scored higher on generic self-care maintenance and monitoring scales than disease-specific ones. There was a partial consistency between the generic and disease-specific self-care maintenance and management. Inadequate behaviours were recorded in disease-specific self-care monitoring rather than generic ones.

CONCLUSIONS

Older patients affected by MCCs scored differently in the generic and disease-specific instruments, showing inadequate self-care in some of the three self-care dimensions.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE

The choice between generic and disease-specific instruments to use in clinical practice and research should be made considering the specific aims, settings, patients characteristics, and knowledge of the different performance of the instruments by users.

IMPACT

No study has described and compared generic and specific self-care measures in patients affected by MCCs. Knowing these differences can help nurses choose the most suitable measure for their aims, context, and patients and plan generic and disease-specific self-care educational interventions for those behaviours in which MCCs patients perform poorly.

PATIENT CONTRIBUTION

Patients were informed about the study, provided informed consent, and answered questionnaires through interviews.

Development and Effectiveness of a Pattern Management Educational Program Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Korea: A Quasi-Experimental Study

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of diabetes has increased worldwide. Therefore, interest in improving glycemic control for diabetes has grown, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has recently received attention as an effective glycemic control method. This study developed and evaluated the effectiveness of an education program for pattern management using CGM based on Whittemore and Roy's middle-range theory of adapting to diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The experimental group was treated with a pattern management program using CGM for 12 weeks and six personalized education sessions were provided to the patients through face-to-face education and phone monitoring.

RESULTS

The frequency of diabetes-related symptoms in the experimental group decreased, and social support (t = 2.95, p = 0.005), perceived benefits (t = 3.72, p < 0.001) and self-care significantly increased (t = 6.09, p < 0.001). Additionally, the program was found to be effective in improving HbA1c (t = -3.83, p < 0.001), FBS (t = -2.14, p = 0.038), and HDL-C (t = 2.39, p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION

The educational program developed through this study can be implemented as a self-management approach for individuals with type 2 diabetes using CGM, aimed at enhancing glycemic control and preventing complications.

The Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire in China: Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement invariance

OBJECTIVES

The Gothenburg Trismus Questionnaire (GTQ) is a comprehensive scale for screening and assessing trismus in head and neck (H&N) cancer and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) patients. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the GTQ in China, and to test its measurement invariance.

METHODS

This study comprised 278 H&N cancer, 245 TMD, and 507 control patients. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were tested to assess the GTQ's reliability. The validity was evaluated through composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), and correlation tests. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to investigate the GTQ's measurement invariance across clinical status and gender. T tests were employed to compare score differences across clinical status and gender.

RESULTS

The Chinese version of GTQ scale shows excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The CR, AVE, and correlation values demonstrate the good validity of GTQ. The multi-group CFA supported configural invariance across clinical status but not metric invariance, while it supported strict invariance across gender. Additionally, t tests revealed that patients with H&N cancer and TMD scored higher than the control group, while males scored higher than females.

CONCLUSIONS

The Chinese version of GTQ serves as an effective tool for screening and assessing trismus.

Association of stress management behavior and diabetic self-care practice among diabetes type II patients in North Shoa Zone: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The cornerstone of diabetes management is the self-care behavior of diabetics. However, many people with diabetes do not fully engage in these activities. Effective stress management behaviors have a positive impact on diabetes self-care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-care behaviors in people with diabetes and stress coping behaviors in people with type II diabetes.

METHOD

A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in the North Shoa zone from March 2 to 29, 2022. The study involved 432 types II diabetic patients who were chosen at random from eight public hospitals. Eight item stress coping techniques tools was used to measure stress management behavior. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data for continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations and percentages for categorical variables. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize study variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables, stress-coping behaviors, and self-care behaviors. Binary logistic regression model was used investigate the association between diabetic self-care behaviors and stress-coping behaviors. A p-value ≤ 0.05 and an OR with a 95% CI are considered statistically significant associations.

RESULT

the study showed that stress management behavior was observed in more than half of the patients (51.2; 95% CI; (46.5, 55.6). The study found that stress management behavior was associated with diabetic self-care practice (X2, 17.7; p < 0.0001). Patients with good stress management behavior (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)), good perception (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.4)), and family support (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.6)) were more likely to conduct diabetes self-care.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that stress management behaviors and coping techniques are associated with self-care behavior and lead to significant improvements in diabetes self-care practices. Stress management and coping skills should be included in current systems as a common therapeutic service/treatment. Diabetes care practitioners should consider these factors when discussing diabetes self-management during consultations.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Thai version of Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory Version 4.c

Objectives

To translate and validate the Thai Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 4.c (Thai SC-CII v4.c) in individuals with chronic illnesses.

Methods

A scale translation and cross-sectional validation study was conducted. The English version was translated for Thai involved nine steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, back-translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing and finalization, and proofreading. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2022 at 16 primary care centers in southern Thailand, involving 410 participants with at least one chronic condition. Validity assessments included structural, convergent, and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity examined correlations between SC-CII v4.c with the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES) and self-perceived health. Internal coherence reliability was calculated using Cronbach's α coefficient, item-total correlation coefficients, and the composite reliability (CR) index.

Results

Thai SC-CII v4.c demonstrated excellent translational validity (κ = 0.99). The specified Self-Care Maintenance model fit well, with minor differences in health promoting behavior and illness-related behavior items compared to the original model. The original Self-Care Monitoring, and Self-Care Management models fit well with Thai data. Simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a satisfactory fit of the full SC-CII v4.c. Convergent validity had partial support (average variance extracted = 0.23-0.51), and discriminant validity was established (heterotrait-monotrait ratios = 0.37-0.88). Concurrent validity was supported by positive correlations between each scale and overall SC-CII v.4c with SCSES (r = 0.25-0.65) and self-perceived health (r = 0.09-0.35). The Cronbach's α coefficient were adequate for all scales except the Self-Care Maintenance scale (Cronbach's α = 0.68), but the CR estimate improved the reliability of all three scales (ranging 0.80-0.82). All items had satisfactory item-total correlation coefficients (ranging 0.34-0.71), except the one pertaining to sleep.

Conclusions

The Thai SC-CII v4.c is valid and reliable for assessing self-care in various chronic illnesses. Further testing is recommended for patients with specific diseases.

Adaptation and Psychometric Evidence of the ARABIC Version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (A-DSMQ)

(1) Background: Diabetic patients must engage in self-care practices in order to maintain optimal glycemic control, hence reducing the likelihood of developing complications, and enhance the overall quality of their lives. The Diabetes Self-care Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) is a tool for assessing self-management habits that may be used to predict glycemic control in people with diabetes. However, no Arabic language version of the instrument has been found. Therefore, we adapted an Arabic language version of the instrument in Tunisia. The purpose of the current research aimed to assess the psychometric features of the Tunisian version of the DSMQ in patients with type 2 diabetes. (2) Method: Two samples including both genders, one exploratory (n = 208, mean age 53.2 ± 8.3) and one confirmatory (n = 441, mean age 53.4 ± 7.4), completed an adapted Arabic language version of the DSMQ, a sociodemographic questionnaire and information about their HbA1C levels. (3) Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 15 items of the A-DSMQ fit well with the data. Likewise, the alpha coefficients for the A-DSMQ factors were above 0.80: for "Glucose Management" (GM), "Dietary Control" (DC), "Physical Activity" (PA), and "Heath-Care Use" (HU). The fit indices for the CFA were good, and the four-factor solution was confirmed. The Average Variance Extracted values and Fornell-Larcker criterion established the convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. The concurrent validity of the tool was established through the statistically significant negative relationships between the A-DSMQ factors and HbA1C, in addition to its positive association with the practice of physical activity measured by the IPAQ. (4) Conclusions: Given the high EFA factor loadings, the CFA fit indices, the correlation matrix, the sensitivity analysis, the convergent validity, and the excellent internal consistency of the A-DSMQ, it can be concluded that the A-DSMQ is an effective psychometric tool for diabetes self-management in Tunisia.