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Katopola D, Mashili F, Hasson H, Hasselberg M. A stakeholder analysis of the road transport system in Tanzania using a STAMP control structure. ERGONOMICS 2024; 67:1222-1236. [PMID: 38059921 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2289861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The way the road transport system is developed in a country affects safety. This study aims to identify the roles and relationships of road transport stakeholders and to explore the understanding of control and feedback mechanisms and associated gaps influencing road safety. A System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) model was applied to document and interview data (n = 30). Participants emphasised the hindrance of overlapping mandates among stakeholders on the road transport system's operations and underlined the roles of coalitions for road safety as system enablers. Further, the withdrawal of some controls by international agencies can increase system vulnerability. Most importantly, critical control and feedback gaps were shown to increase risks for safety within the road transport system. The findings underscore the complexity of the road transport system and add to the discussion on a system's approach to road safety.Practitioner summary: Using a STAMP methodology, we extensively studied the road transport system in Tanzania. Road transport stakeholders were identified through the review of documents, interviews were conducted, and the main findings were discussed. Control and feedback mechanisms and associated gaps were critically presented, recommendations were proposed, and policy implications were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daudi Katopola
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- National Institute of Transport, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fredirick Mashili
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Henna Hasson
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Hasselberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mesic A, Stewart B, Opoku I, Wagenaar BH, Andoh Mohammed B, Abdul Matinue S, Jmaileh M, Damsere-Derry J, Gyedu A, Mock C, Kitali A, Hardy Wuaku D, Owusu Afram M, Feldacker C. "We are pleading for the government to do more": Road user perspectives on the magnitude, contributing factors, and potential solutions to road traffic injuries and deaths in Ghana. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300458. [PMID: 38787863 PMCID: PMC11125548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Road traffic collisions disproportionately impact Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries. This study explored road user perspectives regarding the magnitude, contributing factors, and potential solutions to road traffic collisions, injuries, and deaths. We designed a qualitative study of 24 in-depth interviews with 14 vulnerable road users (pedestrians, occupants of powered 2- and 3-wheelers, cyclists) and ten non-vulnerable road users in four high-risk areas in November 2022. We used a mixed deductive (direct content analysis) and inductive (interpretive phenomenological analysis) approach. In the direct content analysis, a priori categories based on Haddon's Matrix covered human, vehicle, socioeconomic environment, and physical environment factors influencing road traffic collisions, along with corresponding solutions. We used inductive analysis to identify emerging themes. Participants described frequent and distressing experiences with collisions, and most often reported contributing factors, implementation gaps, and potential solutions within the human (road user) level domain of Haddon's Matrix. Implementation challenges included sporadic enforcement, reliance on road users' adherence to safety laws, and the low quality of the existing infrastructure. Participants expressed that they felt neglected and ignored by road safety decision-makers. This research emphasizes the need for community input for successful road safety policies in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries, calling for greater governmental support an action to address this public health crisis. We recommend the government collaborates with communities to adapt existing interventions including speed calming, footbridges, and police enforcement, and introduces new measures that meet local needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldina Mesic
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barclay Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irene Opoku
- Building and Road Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bradley H. Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bilal Andoh Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sulemana Abdul Matinue
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manal Jmaileh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James Damsere-Derry
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adam Gyedu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Mock
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Angela Kitali
- Civil Engineering Program, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Caryl Feldacker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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