How Optimism Bias and Safety Climate Influence the Risk-Taking Behavior of Construction Workers

Design and psychometric evaluation of organizational determinants of prenatal dental services questionnaire in Iran

AIMS

The quality of prenatal dental services is essential for improving the oral health of both mothers and children. However, a lack of a reliable tool to assess the quality of prenatal oral care has hindered research in this area. To address this gap, the study aimed to validate the Organizational Determinants of Prenatal Dental Services Questionnaire (OD_PDS) in Iranian pregnant women.

METHODS

Literature reviews, interviews, and a cross-sectional survey with 300 pregnant women were conducted. To evaluate the validity; face, content and construct validity were assessed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the Test-retest method were used for reliability assessment.

RESULTS

The final version of the OD_PDS comprises 12 items, and four subscales, which are Costs (four items), Access to Equipment and services (three items), Review of the service delivery process (two items), and Professional Behavior (three items). Questions with a factor loading of less than 0.3 were excluded. The obtained fit indices were acceptable (X2/pdf = 3.383, RMSEA: 0.089, CFI = 0.869, and TLI = 0.820). The content reliability was demonstrated by Cronbach's α  = 0.702 and 0.713 and the ICC  =  0.724.

CONCLUSION

The current study indicates that the OD_PDS is a valid and reliable tool for Prenatal Dental Services assessment in health centers.

Can Professionalization Alleviate Job Burnout in Construction Workers in China? A Multivariable Mediating Model

Burnout is at all-time highs across modern professions. As a typical labor-intensive industry, the high-pressure and task-driven nature of the construction industry makes construction workers more prone to burnout. It is still unclear whether increasing the professionalization level can lessen the many harmful consequences of job burnout on construction workers' employment. Therefore, this study examined the influencing mechanism of professionalization on job burnout in the construction industry. First, a theoretical model based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory was developed with workload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict as moderating variables. A reliable sample of 441 Chinese construction workers were then recruited in the investigation. The data analysis was supported by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that: (i) an increase in the professionalization level could be directly effective in alleviating job burnout among construction workers; (ii) workload and work-family conflict could play an independent and continuous mediating role between professionalization and job burnout; and (iii) while job insecurity caused by a low professionalization did not have a direct impact on job burnout, it could have an indirect impact on job burnout through workload and work-family conflict, respectively. This study enriches the literature on job burnout among construction workers, as well as provides a theoretical basis and practical management guidance for Chinese construction companies to alleviate job burnout in workers from a professionalization standpoint.

Human Factor Analysis (HFA) Based on a Complex Network and Its Application in Gas Explosion Accidents

Humans are at the core of the social-technical system, and their behavioral errors affect the reliability and safety of the entire system in varying degrees. Occupational accidents and large-scale industrial accidents are often attributed to human errors, accounting for more than 80% of accidents. In view of the complexity of systems and the coupling of elements, a new HFA method is proposed based on a complex network. According to system safety theory, a complex network is regarded as a network composed of humans, matters, environments, and management, and the basic structure of the HFA network is summarized. On this basis, a system safety method of HFA is developed which proposes a universal human error causation model. Moreover, a network analysis method for human errors is also presented, which is a comprehensive analysis of human errors that have occurred. Finally, the above methods are applied to gas explosion accidents that occurred in China. Results show that the two methods proposed are universal to all fields, and their combination improves the effectiveness of human error management and promotes the targeted, proactive, systematic, and dynamic prevention of critical nodes and paths from a holistic perspective.