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Xu J, Zhang T, Zhang H, Deng F, Shi Q, Liu J, Chen F, He J, Wu Q, Kang Z, Tian G. What influences the public's willingness to report health insurance fraud in familiar or unfamiliar healthcare settings? a cross-sectional study of the young and middle-aged people in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38166821 PMCID: PMC10763160 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young and middle-aged people are important participants in the fight against health insurance fraud. The study aims to investigate the differences in their willingness to report health insurance fraud and the factors influencing it when it occurs in familiar or unfamiliar healthcare settings. METHODS Data were obtained from a validated questionnaire from 828 young and middle-aged people. McNemar's test was used to compare the public's willingness to report under the two scenarios. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the determinants of individuals' willingness to report health insurance fraud in different scenarios. RESULTS Young and middle-aged people were more likely to report health insurance fraud in a familiar healthcare setting than in an unfamiliar one (McNemar's χ²=26.51, P < 0.05). Their sense of responsibility for maintaining the security of the health insurance fund, the government's openness about fraud cases, and the perception of their ability to report had significant positive effects on the public's willingness to report in both settings (P < 0.05). In a familiar healthcare setting, the more satisfied the public is with government measures to protect whistleblowers, the more likely they are to report (OR = 1.44, P = 0.025). Those who perceive the consequences of health insurance fraud to be serious are more likely to report than those who perceive the consequences to be less serious (OR = 1.61, P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Individuals are more likely to report health insurance fraud in familiar healthcare settings than in unfamiliar ones, in which their awareness of the severity of the consequences of health insurance fraud and their perceived risk after reporting it play an important role. The government's publicizing of fraud cases and enhancing the public's sense of responsibility and ability to maintain the safety of the health insurance fund may be a way to increase their willingness to report, regardless of whether they are familiar with the healthcare setting or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fangmin Deng
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Shi
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fangting Chen
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingran He
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guomei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Zhan X, Jie Y. Positive Effect of Narcissism on Employees' Whistleblowing: The Role of Felt Accountability and Ethical Environment. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5225-5235. [PMID: 38152592 PMCID: PMC10752024 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s440348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to develop a model to explore the effect of narcissism on whistleblowing through felt accountability and to examine the moderating role of organization's ethical environment on this relationship. Methods The study was a two-wave study involving MBA students. Two surveys were distributed to individuals who work full time at two different times (roughly two weeks apart). A total of 261 individuals completed both questionnaires. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 to test the hypotheses. Results The results supported the prediction that felt accountability mediates the positive relationship between narcissism and whistleblowing. The findings also showed that the indirect effect of narcissism on whistleblowing through felt accountability was stronger when individuals perceived organizational environment to be unethical. Conclusion The study contributes to our understanding of the bright side of narcissism by combining it with research on whistleblowing and explicates how and when narcissistic individuals engage in whistleblowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhan
- School of Business Administration, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Jie
- Department of Public Administration, Party School of C.P.C Jiangsu Committee, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
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Abraham J, Mangapul CJ, Amaniputri DN, Manurung RH, Ispurwanto W. Intention to whistleblow: Perception of reporting skill mediates the predicting role of class consciousness and perceived probability of revenge. F1000Res 2023; 12:1566. [PMID: 38434655 PMCID: PMC10904998 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142265.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A number of corruption cases would never have been revealed without the role of the whistleblower. Whistleblowers - as people who know about corruption incidents in their environment - are social capital in preventing and eradicating corruption. For this reason, it is urgent to know the configuration of psychological predictors of a person's intention to carry out whistleblowing. Methods Predictive correlational design with a mediation analysis was used in this study. The participants of this study were 374 Indonesians (187 males, 187 females; M age = 25.61 years old; SD age = 6.78 years). Results The results showed that perception of reporting skill can mediate the predicting relationship between class consciousness, perceived probability of revenge, and intention to blow the whistle. Conclusions Class consciousness and perceived probability of retaliation might encourage someone to feel competent to blow the whistle - or improve their reporting skill - to carry out whistleblowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneman Abraham
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Christian Jeremia Mangapul
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | | | - Rudi Hartono Manurung
- Japanese Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Wing Ispurwanto
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
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Rahman RA, Masrom S, Mohamad M, Sari EN, Saragih F, Rahman ASA. Comparisons of automated machine learning (AutoML) in predicting whistleblowing of academic dishonesty with demographic and theory of planned behavior. MethodsX 2023; 11:102364. [PMID: 37744883 PMCID: PMC10511801 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning has been very promising in solving real problems, but the implementation involved difficulties mainly for the inexpert data scientists. Therefore, this paper presents an automated machine learning (AutoML) to simplify and accelerate the modeling tasks. Focused on Python and RapidMiner rapid modeling tools, Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT) and AutoModel were used. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between these tools with regard to the prediction accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC) in classifying real cases of whistleblowing academic dishonesty among undergraduate students of two universities in Indonesia. Additionally, the correlations weight from demographic and Theory of Planned Behavior (TOB) attributes in the different machine learning models are also discussed. All the machine learning algorithms from TPOT and AutoModel are considerable powerful to generate good accuracy level (between 70-93% of AUC) in classifying both cases of whistleblowing and non-whistleblowing on the hold-out samples from the testing process. Generally, based on the validation results of the prediction models, demographic attributes presented more importance than the TBP attributes. The findings of this study will be a great interest of many research scholars to conduct a more in-depth analysis on AutoML for many domains mainly in education and academic misconduct fields.•AutoML is the first of its kind to be empirically compared between TPOT and AutoModel in an application to predict academic dishonesty whistleblowing.•Besides accuracy performances of the AutoML, the proportion of the variance of each attribute from demographic and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is also presented in the prediction models of academic dishonesty whistleblowing.•AutoML is a convenient and reproducible rapid modeling method of machine learning to be used in many kinds of prediction problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahayu Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Accountancy, Univesiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Masrom
- College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Malaysia
| | - Masurah Mohamad
- College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Malaysia
| | - Eka Nurmala Sari
- Department of Accounting, Universitias Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Fitriani Saragih
- Department of Accounting, Universitias Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Chen Y, Yao SJ, Ma QS, Shao W, Liu C, Guo KL. The Relationship Between Exercise Intention and Exercise Behavior of Junior School Students: An Analysis of Chain Mediating Effect. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935264. [PMID: 36003092 PMCID: PMC9394673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explores the relationship between exercise intention and exercise behavior and constructs a chain mediating model through the mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity. Method Through the stratified cluster sampling method, 1,573 junior school students (with an average age of 13.71 ± 0.891 years) were evaluated by the exercise intention scale, the implementation intention scale, the self-identity scale, and the physical exercise grade scale. For data analysis, the common method deviation test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Model 6 in the SPSS macro program compiled by Hayes for the chain mediating test were conducted. Results (1) There is a marked correlation between positive exercise intention and exercise behavior (r = 0.345, p < 0.01), and exercise intention has a significant effect on the direct path of exercise behavior (β = 0.162, t = 12.355, p < 0.01). (2) Exercise intention can positively predict implementation intention (β = 0.219, t = 10.006, p < 0.01) and self-identity (β = 0.160, t = 16.159, p < 0.01); implementation intention can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior (β = 0.230, t = 12.742, p < 0.01),and self-identity can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior (β = 0.273, t = 7.911, p < 0.01). (3) Implementation intention and self-identity play a significant mediating role between exercise intention and exercise behavior. The mediating effect consists of three indirect effects: exercise intention → implementation intention → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.050), exercise intention → self-identity → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.044), and exercise intention →implementation intention → self-identity → exercise behavior (the mediating effect value is 0.017). Conclusion (1) Exercise intention can significantly and positively predict exercise behavior. (2) Implementation intention and self-identity exert a significant mediating effect between exercise intention and exercise behavior, including the separate mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity, as well as the chain mediating effect of implementation intention and self-identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Shu-Jun Yao
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qi-Shuai Ma
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Shao,
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- Chao Liu,
| | - Ke-Lei Guo
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- Ke-Lei Guo,
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Gastronomic Tourism and Tourist Motivation: Exploring Northern Areas of Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137734. [PMID: 35805393 PMCID: PMC9265459 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastronomic tourism is becoming an essential consideration among tourists when choosing a tourist destination. One of the main reasons for visiting a specific destination for almost 15% of tourists is “gastronomy”. This has led to the development of a new kind of tourism called “Gastronomic Tourism”. However, there has been minimal research on gastronomy tourism, specifically in Pakistan. The primary purpose of this study is to measure the level of satisfaction in a tourist destination and furthermore consider gastronomy as a component of visitor motivation. A survey of 307 tourists who had recently visited Pakistan’s northern areas was undertaken to conduct the study. This has enabled us to better understand the variables that influence the behaviors and attitudes of tourists toward this popular tourist attraction. Gastronomy motivation impacts tourism location selection, and gastronomic experience influences satisfaction, according to the research. Specifically, tourists show a keen interest in gastronomic experiences after feeling satisfied with the destination and local foods, developing loyalty toward the destination.
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Chen J, Wu Y, Jiang X. Research on Consumer Purchasing Channel Choice Based on Product Tolerance: The Mediating Role of Rationalization. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823470. [PMID: 35645874 PMCID: PMC9133384 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers have subjective psychological expectations of the quality and brand of products before purchasing. There is a certain tolerance for products that do not meet expectations. The discomfort caused by tolerance can be smoothly carried out through “reasonable” self-comfort and explanation mechanisms. Based on the theory of rationalization defense mechanism, a 2 × 2 purchase channel matrix of online and offline purchase, online consultation, and the offline experience was constructed to explore the influence of consumers’ tolerance of product quality and brand on their purchase channel choice. The results show that: (1) consumer product tolerance positively influences consumers’ online purchasing choice; (2) consumer product tolerance influences purchase channel choice through rationalization; and (3) the sweet lemon mechanism mediates consumer product tolerance on online consultation and online purchase and offline experience, but the sour grapes mechanism does not mediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Chen
- College of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yumin Wu
- College of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
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Zada S, Khan J, Saeed I, Jun ZY, Vega-Muñoz A, Contreras-Barraza N. Servant Leadership Behavior at Workplace and Knowledge Hoarding: A Moderation Mediation Examination. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888761. [PMID: 35602697 PMCID: PMC9115108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Servant leadership practice honesty, stewardship, and high moral standards while prioritizing the needs of subordinates. The moral concern of a servant leadership is to support others and put the needs of others first. We investigated the relationship between servant leadership, psychological safety, and knowledge hoarding in accordance with social learning theory in a survey of 347 workers across 56 teams. The results of this study illustrate that servant leadership is negatively associated with knowledge hoarding and positively associated with psychological safety. We also found that a mastery climate moderated the relationship between servant leadership and knowledge hoarding. This study highlights the theoretical and practical implications that contribute to the body of knowledge. It helps organizations that the presence of servant leadership may discourage knowledge hoarding by providing a psychologically safe mastery climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Zada
- Business School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Khan
- Department of Business Administration, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Saeed
- Institute of Business and Management Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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