Analyzing the Freight Characteristics and Carbon Emission of Construction Waste Hauling Trucks: Big Data Analytics of Hong Kong

Optimizing City-Scale Demolition Waste Supply Chain Under Different Carbon Policies

In order to establish a green, low-carbon circular development economic system, imperative goals include achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This research delves into the resource utilization of city-scale demolition waste (C&DW), aligning with environmental protection needs and sustainable development principles. The paper introduces a unique closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) model tailored for C&DW and employs a distinctive mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for optimization. Guangzhou serves as a case study for thorough analysis, verification, and practical application of the proposed model, especially under diverse scenarios of carbon price (CP) and carbon trading (CT) policies. The key conclusions drawn from this study include the following: (1) The cost of carbon emissions is intricately influenced by both carbon emissions and carbon price, with the latter effectively regulating the carbon emissions during C&DW recycling. (2) The implementation of a CT policy, with a fixed carbon price, contributes to a further reduction in the cost of C&DW recycling treatment. (3) Under equivalent conditions, the CT policy demonstrates the potential to decrease costs and enhance the economic benefits within the building environmental protection product market. The research outcomes not only contribute to the advancement of management theory in the C&DW recycling supply chain (SC) but also provide a robust theoretical foundation for governmental initiatives aimed at introducing effective C&DW recycling management policies.

Sustainable Public Transport Strategies—Decomposition of the Bus Fleet and Its Influence on the Decrease in Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The COVID pandemic has caused a major exodus of passengers who chose urban and suburban transport. In many countries, especially in the European Union, there is a tendency to choose individual means of transport, causing damage to the environment and contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. One method to promote urban transport is replacing bus fleets with newer ones, thus making public transport more attractive and reducing the emission of harmful exhaust fume components into the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to show a methodology for calculating CO2e for bus fleets. When determining CO2e, the principal greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CH4, and N2O, are usually considered. However, CO emissions also have indirect effects on climate through enhanced levels of tropospheric O3 and increased lifetime of CH4; therefore, CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO emissions were determined for CO2e emission calculations. Two bus fleet variant scenarios were analysed; the first non-investment variant assumed passenger transport using the old fleet without any P&R parking zones. The second scenario was based on the current state, which includes the purchase of new low-emission buses and the construction of P&R infrastructure. The calculations were performed using the COPERT emission model with real data from 52 buses running on 13 lines. For the analysed case study of the Rzeszow agglomeration and neighbouring communes, implementing the urban and suburban transport modernisation project resulted in a reduction in estimated CO2e emissions of about 450 t. The methodology presented, which also considers the impact of CO emissions on the greenhouse effect, is a new element of the study that has not been presented in previous works and may serve as a model for other areas in the field of greenhouse gas emission analyses. The future research scope includes investigation of other fuels and powertrain supplies, such as hydrogen and hybrid vehicles.