"It's All Just Marketing", a Qualitative Analysis of Consumer Perceptions and Understandings of Nutrition Content and Health Claims in New Zealand

Analysis of the Influence of Socio-Demographic Variables and Some Nutrition and Lifestyle Habits on Beverage Consumption in the Spanish Population

Beverages and drinks play a significant role in maintaining the integral health of individuals. The aim of this study is to discover the pattern of beverage consumption in different groups of the Spanish population and to investigate its relationship with other nutritional variables and habits. To achieve the objectives, an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed and validated that explored different beverage and food consumption variables as well as socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The instrument was disseminated, among the Spanish young adult population, through snowball sampling using social networks, collecting a sample of 17,541 valid surveys. Bivariate comparative analyses and correlation analyses were performed, and finally, the principal component analysis (PCA) method was used in order to study the relationships between variables related to drinking and health. The main results show significant differences in the pattern of beverage consumption between the socio-demographic variables of sex, age and educational level, as well as between different areas of Spain, while the PCA model shows the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with the Healthy Nutrition Index of the population and sport practice. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were reached: the beverage consumption pattern of the Spanish population is affected by socio-demographic variables. Healthier drinking habits affect the nutrition and health of the population.

Analysis of Neurosurgery Influencers on Instagram: Trends and Patterns of the Neurosurgeon's Social Media Footprint

OBJECTIVE

Social media outlets such as Instagram have recently become a popular tool for medical professionals to disseminate medical information to a large public audience. In this study, we identify the top neurosurgery influencers on Instagram and analyze trends between content type, audience interaction, and user engagement.

METHODS

A list of neurosurgeon Instagram profiles based on the number of followers, user engagement, and average interaction were compiled. Outcome variables such as the numbers of followers, likes, comments, hashtags, caption words, user engagement, and average user activity were collected and analyzed. The most recent 30 posts from each included profile were stratified into categories on the basis of type of content.

RESULTS

A total of 73 neurologic surgeon "influencer" Instagram profiles met our inclusion and exclusion criteria (67 male [91.8%]; 6 female [8.2%]). Of the most recent 30 posts for each influencer, clinical and professional posts represented the majority (67.4%), while lifestyle and patient posts made up 30.3% and 2.3%, respectively. In comparison to the rest of the field (n = 43), the 30 profiles with the most followers had a significantly higher average interaction (418.77 vs. 126.79; P < 0.001), number of uploads (578.87 vs. 184.58; P = 0.004), average number of likes given in the top posts (770.71 vs. 2150.40; P < 0.001), average posts per week (2.40 vs. 1.12; P = 0.041), and average posts per month (9.91 vs. 4.02.; P = 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

Neurosurgeon influencers on Instagram post content that predominantly features educational and academic subject matter. Post content regarding the individual's personal life or extracurricular activities made up a lesser portion of content, and there were few posts categorized as patient testimonials.