Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Fasting in the Treatment of Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Is dancing an effective intervention for fat loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis of dance interventions on body composition

OBJECTIVE

The systematic review aimed to review the research on the effects of dance interventions, relative to normal lifestyles, on body composition in people with overweight and obesity.

METHODS

7 databases were searched from their inception to 3 July 2023 for studies with dance interventions and normal lifestyles groups. Only studies investigating dance interventions in people with overweight and obesity(body mass index (BMI)>24kg/m2 and percent fat mass (Fat(%)) abnormal(male>20%, female>25%)) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no restrictions on dance forms.

RESULTS

654 studies were identified from the databases, and 10 studies were evaluated to be eligible. The meta-analysis revealed that compared to normal lifestyles dance had meaningful improvements in body mass(BM), BMI, waist circumference(WC), Fat(%), and fat mass(Fat(kg)). No significant differences were found in the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).

CONCLUSIONS

Dance is effective on fat loss in people with overweight and obesity, and has a significant improvement on body composition and morphology. For its high efficiency and greater sense of enjoyment, dance can be a beneficial exercise intervention for fat loss.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES

This systematic review is conducted to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the young and middle-aged.

METHODS

Seven databases were searched from their inception to 22 October 2022 for studies (randomized controlled trials only) with HIIT and MICT intervention. Meta-analysis was carried out for within-group (pre-intervention vs. post-intervention) and between-group (HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and CRF.

RESULTS

A total of 1738 studies were retrieved from the database, and 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Within-group analyses indicated that both HIIT and MICT can bring significant improvement in body composition and CRF, except for FFM. Between-group analyses found that compared to MICT, HIIT brings significant benefits to WC, PFM, and VO_2peak.

CONCLUSIONS

The effect of HIIT on fat loss and CRF in the young and middle-aged is similar to or better than MICT, which might be influenced by age (18-45 years), complications (obesity), duration (>6 weeks), frequency, and HIIT interval. Despite the clinical significance of the improvement being limited, HIIT appears to be more time-saving and enjoyable than MICT.

INFLUENCE OF THERAPEUTIC GYMNASTICS ON BODY WEIGHT COMPOSITION, ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF WOMEN WITH OBESITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To determine the effectiveness of application of special therapeutic physical exercises to improve the indicators of body weight, anthropometric parameters and quality of life of obese women in the conditions of quarantine restrictions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: We examined 10 women aged 37 ± 5 years with obesity of various degrees, which was determined by the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). All women for two months were involved in specially designed therapeutic exercises in the remote mode. Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeu¬tic exercises use was performed using the survey method to determine the quality of life of obese women according to a short version of the questionnaire "The world health organization quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF)"; anthropometric measurements of body parts sizes; bioimpedance analysis of body weight composition; statistical methods of data processing.

RESULTS

Results: The effect of therapeutic gymnastics according to the proposed programme on the component composition of body weight of obese women was proved, which indicates a decrease in total body weight, reduction of body fat, increase in total body water and muscle component of body weight. It is shown that under the influence of corrective physical exercises the proportions of the body of women changed, as evidenced by the dynamics of the circumferences of all measured parts of the body of obese women. The improvement of women's quality of life in all indicators was identified.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The use of special complexes of physical exercises, aimed at correction of the body weight of obese women,showed its significant effectiveness and led to the expected result.

Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Alone and in Combination with Sprint Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity

The popularity of intermittent fasting (IF) and high intensity (sprint) interval training (SIT) has increased in recent years amongst the general public due to their purported health benefits and feasibility of incorporation into daily life. The number of scientific studies investigating these strategies has also increased, however, very few have examined the combined effects, especially on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers, which is the primary aim of this investigation. A total of thirty-four male and female participants (age: 35.4 ± 8.4 y, body mass index (BMI): 31.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2, aerobic capacity (VO2peak) 27.7 ± 7.0 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomized into one of three 16-week interventions: (1) 5:2 IF (2 non-consecutive days of fasting per week, 5 days on ad libitum eating), (2) supervised SIT (3 bouts per week of 20s cycling at 150% VO2peak followed by 40 s of active rest, total 10 min duration), and (3) a combination of both interventions. Body composition, haemodynamic and VO2peak were measured at 0, 8 and 16 weeks. Blood samples were also taken and analysed for lipid profiles and markers of glucose regulation. Both IF and IF/SIT significantly decreased body weight, fat mass and visceral fat compared to SIT only (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between diet and diet + exercise combined. The effects of diet and/or exercise on cardiometabolic biomarkers were mixed. Only exercise alone or with IF significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness. The results suggest that energy restriction was the main driver of body composition enhancement, with little effect from the low volume SIT. Conversely, to achieve benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise is required.