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Gelaw YA, Koye DN, Alene KA, Ahmed KY, Assefa Y, Erku DA, Tegegn HG, Tesema AG, Zeleke BM, Melaku YA. Socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyle in Ethiopia: a secondary analysis of a national survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1528. [PMID: 37568091 PMCID: PMC10416504 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lifestyle risk factors exhibit a stronger association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to a single factor, emphasizing the necessity of considering them collectively. By integrating these major lifestyle risk factors, we can identify individuals with an overall unhealthy lifestyle, which facilitates the provision of targeted interventions for those at significant risk of NCDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the socio-demographic correlates of unhealthy lifestyles among adolescents and adults in Ethiopia. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey, based on the World Health Organization's NCD STEPS instruments, was conducted in Ethiopia. The survey, carried out in 2015, involved a total of 9,800 participants aged between 15 and 69 years. Lifestyle health scores, ranging from 0 (most healthy) to 5 (most unhealthy), were derived considering factors such as daily fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking status, prevalence of overweight/obesity, alcohol intake, and levels of physical activity. An unhealthy lifestyle was defined as the co-occurrence of three or more unhealthy behaviors. To determine the association of socio-demographic factors with unhealthy lifestyles, multivariable logistic regression models were utilized, adjusting for metabolic factors, specifically diabetes and high blood pressure. RESULTS Approximately one in eight participants (16.7%) exhibited three or more unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, which included low fruit/vegetable consumption (98.2%), tobacco use (5.4%), excessive alcohol intake (15%), inadequate physical activity (66%), and obesity (2.3%). Factors such as male sex, urban residency, older age, being married or in a common-law relationship, and a higher income were associated with these unhealthy lifestyles. On the other hand, a higher educational status was associated with lower odds of these behaviors. CONCLUSION In our analysis, we observed a higher prevalence of concurrent unhealthy lifestyles. Socio-demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, marital status, residence, income, and education, were found to correlate with individuals' lifestyles. Consequently, tailored interventions are imperative to mitigate the burden of unhealthy lifestyles in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Digsu N Koye
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kefyalew Addis Alene
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kedir Y Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Afar, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Asfaw Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Henok Getachew Tegegn
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azeb Gebresilassie Tesema
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Berihun Megabiaw Zeleke
- Planetary Health Division, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yohannes Adama Melaku
- FHMRI Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Aleme H, Mekonnen W, Worku A. Cause-Specific Mortality Fraction (CSMF) of adult mortality in Butajira, South Central Ethiopia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000415. [PMID: 36962958 PMCID: PMC10021511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cause- and context-specific mortality data are imperative to understand the extent of health problems in low-income settings, where national death registration and cause of death identification systems are at a rudimentary stage. Aiming to estimate cause-specific mortality fractions, adult (15+ years) deaths between January 2008 and April 2020 were extracted from the Butajira health and demographic surveillance system electronic database. The physician review and a computerized algorithm, InterVA (Interpreting Verbal Autopsy), methods were used to assign the likely causes of death from January 2008 to April 2017 (the first) and May 2017 to April 2020 (the second) phase of the surveillance period, respectively. Initially, adult mortality rates per 1000py across sex and age were summarized. A total of 1,625 deaths were captured in 280, 461 person-years, with an overall mortality rate of 5.8 (95%CI: 5.5, 6.0) per 1000py. Principally, mortality fractions for each specific cause of death were estimated, and for 1,571 deaths, specific causes were determined. During the first phase, the leading cause of death was tuberculosis (13.6%), followed by hypertension (6.6%) and chronic liver disease (5.9%). During the second phase, digestive neoplasms (17.3%), tuberculosis (12.1%), and stroke (9.4%) were the leading causes of death, respectively. Moreover, tuberculosis was higher among persons aged 50+ (15.0%), males (13.8%), and in rural areas (14.1%) during the first phase. Hypertensive diseases were higher among females (7.9%) and in urbanities. In the second phase, digestive neoplasms were higher in the age group of 50-64 years (25.4%) and females (19.0%), and stroke was higher in older adults (65+) (10%) and marginally higher among males (9.7%). Our results showed that tuberculosis and digestive neoplasms were the most common causes of death. Hence, prevention, early detection, and management of cases at all levels of the existing healthcare system should be prioritized to avert premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailelule Aleme
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wubegzier Mekonnen
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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