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Liu S, Pang H, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sui Z. Rapid and accurate quantification of viable Bifidobacterium cells in milk powder with a propidium monoazide - antibiotic fluorescence in situ hybridization - flow cytometry method. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00947-0. [PMID: 38908696 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to its beneficial effects on human health, Bifidobacterium is commonly added to milk powder. Accurate quantification of viable Bifidobacterium is essential for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of milk powder. In this study, we introduced a novel propidium monoazide (PMA) - antibiotic fluorescence in situ hybridization (AFISH) - flow cytometry (FCM) method to rapidly and accurately quantify viable Bifidobacterium cells in milk powder. Briefly, Bifidobacterium cells were treated with chloramphenicol (CM) to increase their rRNA content, followed by staining with RNA-binding oligonucleotide probes, based on the AFISH technique. Then, the DNA-binding dye PMA was used to differentiate between viable and non-viable cells. The PMA-AFISH-FCM method, including sample pretreatment, CM treatment, dual staining, and FCM analysis, required around 2 h and was found to be better than the current methods. This is the first study to implement FCM combined with PMA and oligonucleotide probe for detecting Bifidobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Liu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control for Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Huimin Pang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control for Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziquan Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control for Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control for Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ayed L, M’hir S, Nuzzolese D, Di Cagno R, Filannino P. Harnessing the Health and Techno-Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:1538. [PMID: 38790838 PMCID: PMC11120132 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the techno-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) in the food industry, focusing on their potential health benefits. We discuss current findings related to the techno-functionality of LAB, which includes acidification, proteolytic and lipolytic features, and a variety of other biochemical activities. These activities include the production of antimicrobial compounds and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides that improve food safety and consumer sensory experience. LABs are also known for their antioxidant abilities, which help reduce oxidative reactions in foods and improve their functional properties. In addition, LABs' role as probiotics is known for their promising effects on gut health, immune system modulation, cholesterol control, and general wellbeing. Despite these advantages, several challenges hinder the effective production and use of probiotic LABs, such as maintaining strain viability during storage and transport as well as ensuring their efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract. Our review identifies these critical barriers and suggests avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Ayed
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
| | - Sana M’hir
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LETMI), LR05ES08, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, BP 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia;
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, BP 382, Beja 9000, Tunisia
| | - Domenico Nuzzolese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.N.); (P.F.)
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İnce Palamutoglu M, Köse G, Bas M. Probiotics and Prebiotics Affecting Mental and Gut Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:510. [PMID: 38470623 PMCID: PMC10931157 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of the gut microbiota on mental and intestinal health are an area of great interest. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the intake of probiotic and prebiotic foods and mental and gut health. Data were obtained using an online survey from young adults (n = 538) enrolled at Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University who agreed to participate in this study in the 2022-2023 academic year. This study included 538 participants, mostly (85.5%) females. Participants who never consumed yogurt had 7.614 times higher Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale scores than those who consumed yogurt daily (p < 0.01). Similarly, the frequency of ayran consumption had a statistically significant effect on Bristol Stool Scale scores (p < 0.05). The ratio of normal defecation to constipation was 68.7% lower in participants who consumed ayran daily, whereas the ratio of diarrhea to constipation was 76.4% lower in participants who never consumed ayran. However, the frequency of prebiotic consumption did not have a significant effect on Bristol Stool Scale scores (p > 0.05). The consumption of probiotic and prebiotic foods exerted a significant effect on GSRS total scores and subfactors of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42, namely depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve İnce Palamutoglu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Köse
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye; (G.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Murat Bas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul 34752, Türkiye; (G.K.); (M.B.)
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Leboš Pavunc A, Penava L, Čuljak N, Banić M, Novak J, Butorac K, Ceilinger M, Miličević J, Čukelj D, Šušković J, Kos B. Evaluation of the Probiotic Properties of Lacticaseibacillus casei 431 ® Isolated from Food for Special Medical Purposes §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:418-429. [PMID: 38205053 PMCID: PMC10775782 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.04.23.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research background Increasing awareness of the importance of nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention has driven to the development of foods for special medical purposes (FSMPs). In this study, the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei (Lacticaseibacillus casei 431®) was incorporated into FSMPs to develop an innovative product. The aim was to investigate the influence of the FSMP matrix on the specific probiotic properties of L. casei 431® in vitro. Experimental approach A series of in vitro experiments were performed as part of the probiotic approach. After evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility profiles, functional properties such as survival under simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, bile salt deconjugation activities, cholesterol assimilation, antagonistic activity against spoilage bacteria and adhesion to Caco-2 cell line monolayers and extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. Results and conclusions The L. casei 431® strain, both the lyophilised strain and the strain isolated from the FSMP matrix, effectively survived the simulated adverse gastrointestinal conditions without significant effects of the food matrix. The effect of the FSMP matrix on the deconjugation activity of the bile salts of L. casei 431® was minimal; however, cholesterol assimilation was increased by 16.4 %. L. casei 431® had antibacterial activity against related lactic acid bacteria regardless of whether it was used in FSMPs or not. Conversely, the probiotic strain isolated from FSMP matrix had significantly higher inhibitory activity against six potential pathogens than the lyophilised culture. The autoaggregation ability of the L. casei 431® cells was not affected by the FSMP matrix. The adhesion of L. casei 431® bacterial cells to the extracellular matrix proteins was reduced after treatment with proteinase K, with the highest adhesion observed to laminin. The adhesion of L. casei 431® reduced the binding of E. coli 3014 by 1.81 log units and the binding of S. Typhimurium FP1 to Caco-2 cell lines by 1.85 log units, suggesting the potential for competitive exclusion of these pathogens. Novelty and scientific contribution The results support the positive effect of the FSMP matrix on the specific probiotic properties of L. casei 431®, such as antibacterial activity, bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol assimilation, while the incorporation of this probiotic strain adds functional value to the FSMPs. The synergistic effect achieved by the joint application of L. casei 431® and innovative FSMP matrix contributed to the development of the novel formulation of an improved functional food product with added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lenkica Penava
- Belupo, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Inc., Nutraceuticals, Business Development and Registration, I. Savica 36, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Čuljak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Banić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Butorac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Ceilinger
- Belupo, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Inc., Nutraceuticals, Business Development and Registration, Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Jelena Miličević
- Belupo, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Inc., Nutraceuticals, Business Development and Registration, Danica 5, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Danijela Čukelj
- Belupo, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Inc., Nutraceuticals, Business Development and Registration, I. Savica 36, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ahire JJ, Rohilla A, Kumar V, Tiwari A. Quality Management of Probiotics: Ensuring Safety and Maximizing Health Benefits. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:1. [PMID: 37935938 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of probiotics, which are beneficial live microorganisms, has received a lot of attention because of their potential to improve health and wellness. Robust quality control measures are necessary to ensure the safety of probiotics and maximize their health effects. This review delves into the topic of quality management in probiotics, highlighting the significance of sticking to strict guidelines from manufacture to storage to distribution. Probiotic quality standards, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) implementation, quality control and testing techniques, and documentation and traceability systems are all discussed in detail. The importance of taking precautions to avoid microbial contamination, meeting all applicable regulations, and clearly marking and packaging probiotic products is also emphasized. In addition, it reviews the clinical evidence supporting the possible health advantages of probiotics and investigates the processes through which probiotics enhance health. The review continues by stressing the significance of educating and informing consumers about probiotics and their proper use in order to maximize health benefits. Probiotics' potential health benefits can be maximized and consumer faith in these helpful microbes can be bolstered by adopting thorough quality management measures to ensure their safety, efficacy, and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh J Ahire
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500016, India.
| | - Alka Rohilla
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, 131028, India
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Advanced Enzyme Technologies Limited, Sun Magnetica, LIC Service Road, Louiswadi, Thane West, Maharashtra, 400 604, India
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Rahkola EN, Rautava S, Hiltunen H, Ross C, Lahti L, Isolauri E. The preterm gut microbiota and administration routes of different probiotics: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1480-1487. [PMID: 37020105 PMCID: PMC10589095 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm children with their aberrant gut microbiota and susceptibility to infections and inflammation constitute a considerable target group for probiotic therapy to generate the age-appropriate healthy microbiota. METHODS 68 preterm neonates were randomized into five intervention groups: Beginning from the median age of 3 days, 13 children received Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) directly orally, and 17 via the lactating mother. 14 children received LGG with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 (Bb12) orally, and 10 via the lactating mother. 14 children received placebo. The children's faecal microbiota was assessed at the age of 7 days by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The gut microbiota compositions of the children directly receiving the probiotic combination (LGG + Bb12) were significantly different from those of the children receiving the other intervention modes or placebo (p = 0.0012; PERMANOVA), the distinction being due to an increase in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis (P < 0.00010; ANCOM-BC), and the order Lactobacillales (P = 0.020; ANCOM-BC). CONCLUSION The connection between aberrant primary gut microbiota and a heightened risk of infectious and non-communicable diseases invites effective microbiota modulation. We show that the direct, early, and brief probiotic intervention of LGG + Bb12 109 CFU each, is sufficient to modulate the gut microbiota of the preterm neonate. IMPACT Preterm children have a higher risk of several health problems partly due to their aberrant gut microbiota. More research is needed to find a safe probiotic intervention to modify the gut microbiota of preterm children. The maternal administration route via breast milk might be safer for the newborn. In our study, the early and direct administration of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 increased the proportion of bifidobacteria in the preterm children's gut at the age of 7 days, but the maternal administration route was not as effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella-Noora Rahkola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henni Hiltunen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Chandler Ross
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Zavišić G, Popović M, Stojkov S, Medić D, Gusman V, Jovanović Lješković N, Jovanović Galović A. Antibiotic Resistance and Probiotics: Knowledge Gaps, Market Overview and Preliminary Screening. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1281. [PMID: 37627701 PMCID: PMC10451169 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are among those products, the use of which is increasing, and they are available primarily as food/dietary supplements, as well as in the form of medicines. This study aims to assess the attitudes and practices of health professionals and students of health sciences, give a short overview of the probiotics currently on the market, and conduct a screening of five food supplements and one drug with respect to antibiotic resistance. Nearly half of the respondents in our survey state that probiotics have no side effects, while only 6.3% believe that the use of probiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. In addition, more than 40% of the participants throw unused probiotics into municipal waste. The market analysis results indicate that probiotic products on the Serbian market have highly variable CFU counts, while the declared health claims cover numerous beneficial health effects, and they are sometimes even registered as medicines. Lactobacilli are frequently present in probiotic supplements, and are sold in pharmacies and online. The experimental results showed that antibiotic resistance is present in different types of lactobacilli in probiotic products. The risk of using probiotics, regardless of their beneficial health effects, should be taken into account in the future. An update to the regulations governing probiotics, including a stipulation for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, should be established, and guidelines for their proper use and disposal put into place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Zavišić
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, University Business Academy, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.Z.); (S.S.); (N.J.L.)
| | - Milka Popović
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Svetlana Stojkov
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, University Business Academy, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.Z.); (S.S.); (N.J.L.)
- College of Vocational Studies for the Education of Preschool Teachers and Sports Trainers in Subotica, Banijska 67, 24000 Subotica, Serbia
| | - Deana Medić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Center for Microbiology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vera Gusman
- Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Futoška 121, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Jovanović Lješković
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, University Business Academy, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.Z.); (S.S.); (N.J.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Jovanović Galović
- Faculty of Pharmacy Novi Sad, University Business Academy, Trg Mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (G.Z.); (S.S.); (N.J.L.)
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Rosas-Val P, Adhami M, Brotons-Canto A, Gamazo C, Irache JM, Larrañeta E. 3D printing of microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus for oral delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123058. [PMID: 37207858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
3D Printing is an innovative technology within the pharma and food industries that allows the design and manufacturing of novel delivery systems. Orally safe delivery of probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract faces several challenges regarding bacterial viability, in addition to comply with commercial and regulatory standpoints. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 (Lr) was microencapsulated in generally recognised as safe (GRAS) proteins, and then assessed for robocasting 3D printing. Microparticles (MP-Lr) were developed and characterised, prior to being 3D printed with pharmaceutical excipients. MP-Lr showed a size of 12.3 ± 4.1 µm and a non-uniform wrinkled surface determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Bacterial quantification by plate counting accounted for 8.68 ±0.6 CFU/g of live bacteria encapsulated within. Formulations were able to keep the bacterial dose constant upon contact with gastric and intestinal pH. Printlets consisted in oval-shape formulations (15 mm × 8 mm × 3.2 mm) of ca. 370 mg of total weight, with a uniform surface. After the 3D printing process, bacterial viability remained even as MP-Lr protected bacteria alongside the process (log reduction of 0.52, p>0.05) in comparison with non-encapsulated probiotic (log reduction of 3.05). Moreover, microparticle size was not altered during the 3D printing process. We confirmed the success of this technology for developing an orally safe formulation, GRAS category, of microencapsulated Lr for gastrointestinal vehiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rosas-Val
- Nucaps Nanotechnology S.L., Spain; Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- Department of Technology & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Spain
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Jameel MS, Kalef DA. Investigations on the Role of Commercial Probiotics on New Zealand White Rabbits Experimentally Infected with Eimeria stiedae. COMP PARASITOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1654/copa-d-22-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maab Salah Jameel
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad City, Iraq
| | - Dalia Ahmed Kalef
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad City, Iraq
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10
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Low-Molecular-Weight Gels as Smart Materials for the Enhancement of Antioxidants Activity. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are important substances used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields that are able to block free radicals. These compounds can be incorporated into formulations for many reasons, such as release over time or preservation of the formulation activity and applicability. In the present study, a low-molecular-weight gel made with Boc-L-DOPA(Bn)2-OH was studied as suitable material to host antioxidants and improve their activity. The solvent change (DMSO/H2O) in combination with temperature was the technological procedure for the preparation of the gel. Two different antioxidants were tested: (1) α-tocopherol and (2) postbiotics. The antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol and of the postbiotics in the gel, measured by the (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, showed higher values than those in the pure solvent. The antioxidant activity of the gel with 0.8 w/v% of gelator and α-tocopherol in the concentration range of 5–100 µM was 2.7–1.1 times higher on average than in the pure solvent. In the case of both postbiotics, the biggest difference was observed at 30% of postbiotics in the gel with 0.5% of a gelator, when the antioxidant activity was 4.4 to 4.7 times higher than that in the pure solvent.
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11
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Zavišić G, Ristić S, Petković B, Živkov-Šaponja D, Jojić N, Janković D. Microbiological quality of probiotic products. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2023. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm73-42160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms used as probiotics should meet elementary safety aspects (non-toxicity, absence of antibiotic resistance genes and translocation) and functional/technological aspects (resistance and survival in the acid gastric environment, adhesiveness, stability, and cell viability). Probiotics with the health claim of being a dietary product or a pharmabiotic (drug category) should be clinically tested, validated, documented, and continuously controlled for quality. Important quality parameters include the identification of declared probiotic strains, the number of viable microorganisms (probiotic bacteria and/or fungi), and microbiological purity (absence of specified pathogenic/opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and limitation of total unspecified contaminants such as aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and molds). Due to numerous reports of low-quality commercial probiotics marketed for human use, this review discusses the methods used to test the probiotic microorganism content, safety for the intended use, and proven health benefits of those probiotics whose microbiological quality deviates from the manufacturer's stated content, as well as the maintenance of cell viability, i.e., stability of the probiotic during the shelf life. In addition, the adverse effects of probiotics and the potential hazards to the health of the user are addressed.
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12
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Journey of the Probiotic Bacteria: Survival of the Fittest. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010095. [PMID: 36677387 PMCID: PMC9861974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to bring a more general view of the technological and biological challenges regarding production and use of probiotic bacteria in promoting human health. After a brief description of the current concepts, the challenges for the production at an industrial level are presented from the physiology of the central metabolism to the ability to face the main forms of stress in the industrial process. Once produced, these cells are processed to be commercialized in suspension or dried forms or added to food matrices. At this stage, the maintenance of cell viability and vitality is of paramount for the quality of the product. Powder products requires the development of strategies that ensure the integrity of components and cellular functions that allow complete recovery of cells at the time of consumption. Finally, once consumed, probiotic cells must face a very powerful set of physicochemical mechanisms within the body, which include enzymes, antibacterial molecules and sudden changes in pH. Understanding the action of these agents and the induction of cellular tolerance mechanisms is fundamental for the selection of increasingly efficient strains in order to survive from production to colonization of the intestinal tract and to promote the desired health benefits.
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Steyer A, Mičetić-Turk D, Fijan S. The Efficacy of Probiotics as Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Rotavirus Gastrointestinal Infections in Children: An Updated Overview of Literature. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122392. [PMID: 36557645 PMCID: PMC9781831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses, including the rotavirus, norovirus, and adenoviruses, are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. The rotavirus disease is especially prevalent among children, and studies over the past decade have revealed complex interactions between rotaviruses and the gut microbiota. One way to treat and prevent dysbiosis is the use of probiotics as an antiviral agent. This review focuses on the latest scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children. A total of 19 studies exhibited a statistically significant antiviral effect of probiotics. The main probiotics that were effective were Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and various multi-strain probiotics. The underlying mechanism of the probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children included immune enhancement and modulation of intestinal microbiota leading to shortening of diarrhoea. However, several clinical studies also found no significant difference in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group even though well-known strains were used, thus showing the importance of correct dosage, duration of treatment, quality of probiotics and the possible influence of other factors, such as the production process of probiotics and the influence of immunisation on the effect of probiotics. Therefore, more robust, well-designed clinical studies addressing all factors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Steyer
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Division of Public Health Microbiology, Grablovičeva 44, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute for Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Fijan
- Institute for Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Zawistowska-Rojek A, Kociszewska A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. New Potentially Probiotic Strains Isolated from Humans – Comparison of Properties with Strains from Probiotic Products and ATCC Collection. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:395-409. [DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are used in various types of probiotic products. Due to the constantly growing probiotics market, new strains with pro-health properties are sought. The present study compared 39 strains of Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus, isolated from probiotic products and healthy people. The current research aimed to search for new, potentially probiotic strains. For this purpose the relationship between Lactobacillaceae strains was carried out; moreover, the basic properties of probiotic microorganisms, such as survival at low pH and bile salt environment, antibiotic susceptibility, aggregation and antagonism were estimated. The properties of these isolates were also compared with the properties of probiotic strains from the ATCC collection. In comparing the genetic relationship (PFGE method) between the tested isolates, it was observed that some of them show a high degree of similarity. All tested strains tolerated an environment with a pH value of 3.0, and the addition of 0.3% bile salt; showed auto-aggregation properties and displayed antagonism against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the bacteria were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin; the resistance to vancomycin
depended on the bacteria type. All the properties were strain-depended. Most of the tested strains had properties comparable to the reference strains. Three L. acidophilus strains isolated from cervical swabs seem to be promising candidates for probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawistowska-Rojek
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kociszewska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute , Warsaw , Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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