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Hambali KU, Eilu E, Kumar S, Afolabi AO, Tijani NA, Faseun YO, Odoki M, Gechemba Mokaya C, Makeri D, Jakheng SPE, Sankarapandian V, Adeyemo RO, Adegboyega TT, Adebayo IA, Ntulume I, Akinola SA. Monitoring Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Kitagata Hot Spring, Southwestern Uganda: A Public Health Implication. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:3325-3341. [PMID: 39131514 PMCID: PMC11315647 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s472998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The concerning frequency of K. pneumoniae in various recreational settings, is noteworthy, especially regarding multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. This superbug is linked to the rapid spread of plasmids carrying these resistance genes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal prevalence of MDR-K. pneumoniae in the Kitagata hot spring, Southwestern Uganda. Methods A laboratory-based descriptive longitudinal study was conducted between May and July 2023. During rainy and dry seasons, we collected eighty water samples in the morning and evening from the hot spring. The temperature at each point was measured prior to sample collection, and two samples were obtained at varying depths. 5 mL of each homogenized sample were pre-enriched in brain heart infusion broth, and subsequently in both blood and violet red bile agar. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was performed, followed by the detection of carbapenemase (CR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Polymerase chain reaction showed resistance genes viz. bla TEM, bla CTX-M and bla KPC. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20 to obtain chi-square tests and regression analysis. Results K. pneumoniae accounted for 30.0% of isolates obtained from Kitagata hot springs, with all isolates classified as multi-drug resistant. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin, ceftazidime, and azithromycin (79.2%). Additionally, 95.8% of isolates harbored bla TEM gene alone and both bla TEM and bla CTX genes, followed by bla KPC alone (33.3%), with 25% harboring all three resistance genes. During the dry season, K. pneumoniae had a higher prevalence (35.0%) compared to the wet season (25.0%). The prevalence of MDR-K. pneumoniae significantly increased over the course of the study. The presence of the three studied resistance genes in the isolates showed a positive correlation with the second phase of sample collection and the dry season but exhibited a negative correlation with temperature, except for isolates harboring either bla TEM alone or bla TEM+KPC+CTX genes. Conclusion Kitagata hot spring serves as a hotspot for continuous dissemination and acquisition of MDR-K. pneumoniae harboring resistance genes that encode for ESBL and CR production. The healthcare sector ought to implement an ongoing monitoring and surveillance system as well as robust antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs aimed at delivering health education to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaltume Umar Hambali
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Eilu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abdullateef Opeyemi Afolabi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Naheem Adekilekun Tijani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Yusuf Olusola Faseun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Martin Odoki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Christine Gechemba Mokaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Danladi Makeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Vidya Sankarapandian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Rasheed Omotayo Adeyemo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
| | - Taofeek Tope Adegboyega
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
| | - Ismail Abiola Adebayo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
| | - Ibrahim Ntulume
- School of Biosecurity Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Saheed Adekunle Akinola
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
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Tenea GN, Molina D. Bacterial community structure of Physalis peruviana L. fruit exocarp and the presence of pathogens with possible implications on food safety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1410314. [PMID: 39091311 PMCID: PMC11291218 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1410314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a wellconsumed crop in Ecuador, whose fruits are abundant in bioactive molecules. Its rapid post-harvest deterioration and safety limit its market potential. Methodology To gather baseline data on the prevalence of bacterial taxa among groups, we employed 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) amplicon gene sequencing to detect changes in the bacterial community structure in cape gooseberry fruits harvested from an organic farm production system (# 270 samples x two ripeness stages), and fruits obtained from an open-air market (#270). Results This is the first report of bacterial taxa inhabiting cape gooseberry fruits. Shannon's diversity index revealed that the fruits purchased from the market and the unripe stage had the highest level of bacterial diversity (average Shannon indices of 3.3 and 3.1) followed by those collected from the field at the mature ripe stage (2.07). Alpha diversity analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the number of taxa or evenness within the sample, whereas there was a significant difference in beta diversity between the groups. Rhizobiaceae was the most abundant family in fruits originating from the field regardless of the ripe stage, while Acetobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Erwiniaceae were the most abundant families in the market group. At the genus level, Liberibacter was the most abundant phytopathogen in fruits originating from the field, while Gluconobacter was the most abundant in samples collected from the market. The phytopathogen Candidatus_Liberibacter was the most abundant in samples collected from the field, while the fruits purchased from the market stands contained opportunistic enteric pathogens such as Escherichia vulneris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and K. variicola, their relative abundance varied with the sample. In addition, potential pathogens of animal origin such as Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas levii, Helcococcus ovis, and Trueperella pyogenes were found in almost all samples at varying relative abundance. Conclusion Our study provides basic information on the microbiome of cape gooseberries from agriculture fields to the table along with the detection of several pathogenic microorganisms with possible impact on food safety and public health therefore, strategies for reducing bacterial contamination in both farm and retail markets are compulsory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N. Tenea
- Biofood and Nutraceutics Research and Development Group, Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
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Cárdenas-Calle M, Patiño L, Pernia B, Erazo R, Muñoz C, Valencia-Avellan M, Lozada M, Regato-Arrata M, Barrera M, Aquino S, Fuentes S, Duque J, Velázquez-Araque L, Carpio B, Méndez-Roman C, Calle C, Cárdenas G, Guizado-Herrera D, Tello CL, Bravo-Basantes V, Francis J, Uyaguari M. Detection of thermotolerant coliforms and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage and recreational waters in the Ecuadorian coast: A call for improving water quality regulation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302000. [PMID: 38709720 PMCID: PMC11073733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance represents an alternative approach to regulating contamination and the early detection of infectious agents and outbreaks of diseases of public health importance. This study evaluated domestic wastewater effects on recreational waters in estuarine and seawater bodies in Guayas and Santa Elena provinces in Ecuador, South America. Fecal indicator bacteria (thermotolerant coliforms) served as key indicators for evaluation. Physical, chemical, and microbiological quality markers following the Ecuadorian environmental quality standard and the discharge of effluents to the water resource were analyzed. Samples were collected from 44 coastal sites and 2 oxidation lagoons during the dry and rainy seasons of 2020 and 2021, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in samples with higher E. coli concentrations using reverse transcription quantitative PCR to detect the genes N and ORF1ab. All samples analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 showed Ct ˂ 40 for at least one gene. Four samples showed at least 20 genome copies of gene N per reaction. These were at an artisanal fishing port, an estuarine area (Palmar), a recreational bay, and an oxidation lagoon. A moderate correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 RNA, thermotolerant coliform and E. coli (p-value ≤ 0.0037), and a strong and positive correlation between thermotolerant coliform and E. coli. (p-value ≤ 0.00001), highlighting the utility of these established parameters as a proxy of the virus. Significant differences were found in the concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms between seasons (p-value = 0.016) and sites (p-value = 0.005). The highest levels of coliforms were found in the dry season (63000 MPN/100 mL) in Anconcito and during the rainy season (14000 MPN/100 mL) at Esterillo in Playas County. It is recommended that the decentralized autonomous governments of the surveyed provinces in Ecuador implement urgent corrective actions and establish medium-term mechanisms to minimize a potential contamination route. Additional parameters must be included in the monitoring, such as Enterococcus and intestinal parasites, due to their public health implications. In the oxidation lagoons, maintenance actions must be carried out, including the dissolution of sediments, an increase in water retention times, and in situ treatment of the sludge, to improve the system's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Cárdenas-Calle
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Leandro Patiño
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Technical Direction of Research, Development and Innovation, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Beatriz Pernia
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Erazo
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Labcestta, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Muñoz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Magaly Valencia-Avellan
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Facultad del Mar y Medio Ambiente, Universidad del Pacífico, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Mariana Lozada
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Biology of Marine Organisms, CONICET, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Mary Regato-Arrata
- National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, National Reference Center for Exanthematous, Gastroenteric and Vector-borne Viruses, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Barrera
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Segundo Aquino
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Stefania Fuentes
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Javier Duque
- Interinstitutional Network for the Study of Aquatic Ecosystems of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Luis Velázquez-Araque
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Bertha Carpio
- Dirección del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno Provincial de Santa Elena, Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Méndez-Roman
- Área Nacional de Recreación Playas Villamil, Ministerio de Ambiente Agua y Transición Ecológica, Playas, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Calle
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Guillermo Cárdenas
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - David Guizado-Herrera
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Technical Direction of Research, Development and Innovation, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Clara Lucía Tello
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- National Institute for Public Health Research–INSPI- Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez, Technical Direction of Research, Development and Innovation, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
| | | | - Jhannelle Francis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Miguel Uyaguari
- Ambiente Sociedad & Empresa Research Group, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Fundación Bioelit, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Onwumere-Idolor OS, Kperegbeyi JI, Imonikebe UG, Okoli CE, Ajibo FE, Njoga EO. Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant zoonotic E. coli from beef processing and retail points in Delta State, Nigeria: Public health implications. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106132. [PMID: 38335831 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Some sorbitol non-fermenting E. coli (SN-F E. coli) and all E. coli O157 are zoonotic. Contamination of beef with zoonotic E. coli at the processing or retail point is a significant public health problem. Despite the public health importance of these organisms, there is no published data on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of zoonotic E. coli from Delta State, Nigeria. Consequently, this study determined the prevalence and AMR of SN-F E. coli and E. coli O157 isolates from meat contact surfaces at the processing and retail points in the study area. The isolation, biochemical and serological characterisations and AMR status of the isolates were performed following standard microbiological methods. Overall prevalence of SN-F E. coli and E. coli O157 were 13.8% (56/406) and 1.5% (6/406), respectively. Majority of the 56 SN-F E. coli (64.3%, 36/56) and all the six E. coli O157 (10.7%, 6/56) detected in this study were found at the meat processing points. Most of the SN-F E. coli were isolated at the slaughterhouse floor (31%), meat hooks (17.2%) and meat sellers' knives (17.2%). The SN-F E. coli exhibited greater AMR to ampicillin (67.9%), gentamycin (64.3%) and tetracycline (50%) than other antimicrobial agents tested. No isolate was resistant to aztreonam. All six E. coli O157 isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin. Overall, 23 AMR patterns, comprised 14 from meat processing points and nine from meat retailing points, were observed from the 56 antimicrobial-resistant SN-F E. coli isolates. All the six E. coli O157 and 73.2% (41/56) of the SN-F E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. An overall mean multiple antimicrobial resistance index of 0.6 was recorded. Multidrug-resistant zoonotic E. coli were detected at meat processing and retail points in Delta State, Nigeria. The findings warrant the adoption of One Health control approach, "farm to fork" principle of food safety and prudent use of antimicrobial agents in animal agriculture. These may help to limit beef contamination with multidrug-resistant zoonotic E. coli at the processing and retailing points, for public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye S Onwumere-Idolor
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro PMB 005, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Jameslove I Kperegbeyi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro PMB 005, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Uzezi G Imonikebe
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro PMB 005, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe E Okoli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja 900109, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Festus E Ajibo
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Enugu State Polytechnic, Iwollo PMB 008, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel O Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Animal Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Sentinel Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Research Group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
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Karunakaran E, Battarbee R, Tait S, Brentan BM, Berney C, Grinham J, Herrero MA, Omolo R, Douterelo I. Integrating molecular microbial methods to improve faecal pollution management in rivers with designated bathing waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168565. [PMID: 37979848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are at risk from a variety of pollution sources. Faecal pollution is of particular concern since it disperses pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Currently, faecal pollution levels in rivers is monitored using faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) that do not offer information about pollution sources and associated risks. This study used a combined molecular approach, along with measurements of water quality, to gain information on pollution sources, and risk levels, in a newly designated recreational bathing site in the River Wharfe (UK). Physico-chemical parameters were monitored in situ, with water quality multiparameter monitoring sondes installed during the 2021 bathing season. The molecular approach was based on quantitative PCR (qPCR)-aided Microbial Source Tracking (MST) and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to obtain a fingerprint of bacterial communities and identify potential bioindicators. The analysis from the water quality sondes showed that ammonium was the main parameter determining the distribution of FIB values. Lower faecal pollution levels were detected in the main river when compared to tributaries, except for samples in the river located downstream of a wastewater treatment plant. The faecal pollution type (anthropogenic vs. zoogenic) changed the diversity and the structure of bacterial communities, giving a distinctive fingerprint that can be used to inform source. DNA-based methods showed that the presence of human-derived bacteria was associated with Escherichia coli spikes, coinciding with higher bacterial diversity and the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria mainly of the genus Mycobacterium, Aeromonas and Clostridium. Samples collected after a heavy rainfall event were associated with an increase in Bacteroidales, which are markers of faecal pollution, including Bacteroides graminisolvens, a ruminant marker associated with surface run-off from agricultural sources. The combined use of qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing was able to identify pollution sources, and novel bacterial indicators, thereby aiding decision-making and management strategies in recreational bathing rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Rick Battarbee
- Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Addingham Environment Group, Addingham, West Yorkshire LS29 0PD, UK
| | - Simon Tait
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Bruno Melo Brentan
- Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resource Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270, Brazil
| | - Cathal Berney
- Addingham Environment Group, Addingham, West Yorkshire LS29 0PD, UK
| | - James Grinham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Maria Angeles Herrero
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Ronex Omolo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Isabel Douterelo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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Nan R, Liu S, Zhai M, Zhu M, Sun X, Chen Y, Pang Q, Zhang J. Facile Synthesis of Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Disinfection of Bacteria and Fungi. Molecules 2023; 28:7232. [PMID: 37894712 PMCID: PMC10609236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Cu-doped ZnO was prepared via the facile one-pot solvothermal approach. The structure and composition of the synthesized samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analyses, revealing that the synthesized samples consisted of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy analysis showed that Cu-doping significantly improves the visible light absorption properties of ZnO. The photocatalytic capacity of the synthesized samples was tested via the disinfection of Escherichia coli, with the Cu-ZnO presenting enhanced disinfection compared to pure ZnO. Of the synthesized materials, 7% Cu-ZnO exhibited the best photocatalytic performance, for which the size was ~9 nm. The photocurrent density of the 7% Cu-ZnO samples was also significantly higher than that of pure ZnO. The antifungal activity for 7% Cu-ZnO was also tested on the pathogenic fungi of Fusarium graminearum. The macroconidia of F. graminearum was treated with 7% Cu-ZnO photocatalyst for 5 h, resulting in a three order of magnitude reduction at a concentration of 105 CFU/mL. Fluorescence staining tests were used to verify the survival of macroconidia before and after photocatalytic treatment. ICP-MS was used to confirm that Cu-ZnO met national standards for cu ion precipitation, indicating that Cu-ZnO are environmentally friendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichun Nan
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shurui Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Luohe Weilong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Luohe 462000, China
| | - Mengwan Zhai
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Yisong Chen
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Qiangqiang Pang
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Lo LSH, Liu X, Liu H, Shao M, Qian PY, Cheng J. Aquaculture bacterial pathogen database: Pathogen monitoring and screening in coastal waters using environmental DNA. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 20:100194. [PMID: 37637860 PMCID: PMC10448209 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly diverse pathogen occurrence in coastal and mariculture areas demands improved monitoring platforms to prevent economic and public health implications. Accessible databases with up-to-date knowledge and taxonomy are critical for detecting and screening environmental pathogens. Condensed from over 3000 relevant reports in peer reviewed articles, we constructed an aquaculture bacterial pathogen database that provides specialized curation of over 210 bacterial pathogenic species impacting aquaculture. Application of the aquaculture bacterial pathogen database to environmental DNA metabarcoding monitoring data in Hong Kong coastal and mariculture waters effectively characterized regional pathogen profiles over a one-year period and improved identification of new potential pathogen targets. The results highlighted the increase in potential pathogen abundance related to aquaculture activity and the associated inorganic nitrogen load, which was chiefly due to the enrichment of Vibrio during the atypical dry winter season. The value of the aquaculture bacterial pathogen database for empowering environmental DNA-based approaches in coastal marine pathogen surveillance benefits water resource management and aquaculture development on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Shing Him Lo
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
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Sidhu AS, Mikolajczyk FN, Fisher JC. Antimicrobial Resistance Linked to Septic System Contamination in the Indiana Lake Michigan Watershed. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030569. [PMID: 36978436 PMCID: PMC10044017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases confer resistance to a variety of β-lactam antimicrobials, and the genes for these enzymes are often found on plasmids that include additional antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). We surveyed aquatic environments in the Indiana Lake Michigan watershed in proximity to areas with high densities of residential septic systems to determine if human fecal contamination from septic effluent correlated with the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and phenotypically resistant bacteria. Of the 269 E. coli isolated from environmental samples and one septic source, 97 isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin. A subset of those isolates showed phenotypic resistance to other β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Quantitative PCR was used to quantify human-associated Bacteroides dorei gene copies (Human Bacteroides) from water samples and to identify the presence of ARG harbored on plasmids from E. coli isolates or in environmental DNA. We found a strong correlation between the presence of ARG and human fecal concentrations, which supports our hypothesis that septic effluent is a source of ARG and resistant organisms. The observed plasmid-based resistance adds an additional level of risk, as human-associated bacteria from septic systems may expand the environmental resistome by acting as a reservoir of transmissible resistance genes.
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Pathogenic and Commensal Bacteria Recovered from Cattle and Goat Farms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020420. [PMID: 36830330 PMCID: PMC9952079 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in food animals results to antimicrobial resistant bacteria that complicates the ability to treat infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic and commensal bacteria in soil, water, manure, and milk from cattle and goat farms. A total of 285 environmental and 81 milk samples were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae by using biochemical and PCR techniques. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. A total of 15 different Enterobacteriaceae species were identified from goat and cattle farms. Manure had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Enterobacteriaceae (52.0%) than soil (37.2%), trough water (5.4%), and runoff water (5.4%). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in Enterobacteriaceae in goat milk (53.9%) and cow milk (46.2%). Enterobacteriaceae from environment showed 100% resistance to novobiocin, erythromycin, and vancomycin E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp., and Listeria monocytogenes displayed three, five, six, and ten. AMR patterns, respectively. NOV-TET-ERY-VAN was the most common phenotype observed in all isolates. Our study suggest that cattle and goat farms are reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Food animal producers should be informed on the prudent use of antimicrobials, good agricultural practices, and biosecurity measures.
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