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Zandwijk NV, Frank AL, Reid G, Dimitri Røe O, Amos CI. Asbestos-Related lung Cancer: An underappreciated oncological issue. Lung Cancer 2024; 194:107861. [PMID: 39003938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Asbestos, a group of class I (WHO) carcinogenic fibers, is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos inhalation also increases the risk to develop other solid tumours with lung cancer as the most prominent example [91]. The incidence of asbestos-related lung cancer (ARLC) is estimated to be to six times larger than the mesothelioma incidence thereby becoming an important health issue [86]. Although the pivotal role of asbestos in inducing lung cancer is well established, the precise causal relationships between exposures to asbestos, tobacco smoke, radon and 'particulate' (PM2.5) air pollution remain obscure and new knowledge is needed to establish appropriate preventive measures and to tailor existing screening practices[22,61,65]. We hypothesize that a part of the increasing numbers of lung cancer diagnoses in never-smokers can be explained by (historic and current) exposures to asbestos as well as combinations of different forms of air pollution (PM2.5, asbestos and silica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico van Zandwijk
- Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), Department of Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal, Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Arthur L Frank
- School of Public Health of Drexel, University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical, School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Oluf Dimitri Røe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Florsheim RL, Zhang Q, Durmus N, Zhang Y, Pehlivan S, Arslan AA, Shao Y, Reibman J. Characteristics of Cancers in Community Members Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster at a Young Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15163. [PMID: 36429881 PMCID: PMC9690329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 11 September 2001 (9/11) released tons of dust and smoke into the atmosphere, exposing hundreds of thousands of community members (survivors) and responders to carcinogens. The WTC Environmental Health Center (WTC EHC) is a federally designated surveillance and treatment program for community members who were present in the New York City disaster area on 9/11 or during the months that followed. WTC EHC enrollment requires exposure to the WTC dust and fumes and a federally certifiable medical condition, which includes most solid and blood cancers. Several studies have described the prevalence and characteristics of cancers in responders and survivors exposed to the WTC dust and fumes as adults. Cancers in those exposed at a young age warrant specific investigation since environmental toxin exposure at a younger age may change cancer risk. We describe the characteristics of 269 cancer patients with 278 cancer diagnoses among WTC EHC enrollees who were young in age (aged 0 to 30) on 9/11. These include 215 patients with a solid tumor (79.9%) and 54 with a lymphoid and/or hematopoietic cancer (20.1%). Among them, 9 patients had a known second primary cancer. A total of 23 different types of cancer were identified, including cancer types rare for this age group. Many were diagnosed in individuals lacking traditional cancer-specific risk factors such as tobacco use. The current study is the first to report specifically on cancer characteristics of younger enrollees in the WTC EHC program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lynn Florsheim
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nedim Durmus
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yian Zhang
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sultan Pehlivan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Environmental Health in Ukraine: Lessons from 9/11. Explore (NY) 2022; 18:719-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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