Torso Shape Improves the Prediction of Body Fat Magnitude and Distribution

Patient perceptions of three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging technology and traditional methods used to assess anthropometry

Background

Obesity and overweight are commonplace, yet attrition rates in weight management clinics are high. Traditional methods of body measurement may be a deterrent due to invasive and time-consuming measurements and negative experiences of how data are presented back to individuals. Emerging new technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging technology, might provide a suitable alternative. This study aimed to understand acceptability of traditional and 3D surface imaging-based body measures, and whether perceptions differ between population groups.

Methods

This study used a questionnaire to explore body image, body measurement and shape, followed by a qualitative semi-structured interview and first-hand experience of traditional and 3D surface imaging-based body measures.

Results

49 participants responded to the questionnaire and 26 participants attended for the body measurements and interview over a 2-month period. There were 3 main themes from the qualitative data 1) Use of technology, 2) Participant experience, expectations and perceptions and 3) Perceived benefits and uses.

Conclusion

From this study, 3D-surface imaging appeared to be acceptable to patients as a method for anthropometric measurements, which may reduce anxiety and improve attrition rates in some populations. Further work is required to understand the scalability, and the role and implications of these technologies in weight management practice. (University Research Ethics Committee reference number ER41719941).

Coronal, Sagittal, and Horizontal Classification of the Chest Shape and Its Role in Selection of Proper Implants

Background

The number of female breast correction procedures has been steadily increasing. Despite extensive literature being available on these procedures, few authors have discussed the role of preoperative chest wall analysis in relation to postoperative outcomes. To date, no comprehensive classification of chest shape has been introduced in the literature. The aim of this study was to present a novel classification of chest shapes, based on three basic planes: coronal (C), sagittal (S), and horizontal (H), hence the proposed name "CSH classification."

Method

In this study, a retrospective analysis of 1000 randomly selected chest and breast images was conducted by three independent nonmedical evaluators, using standardized digital images captured with the Vectra 3D body scanner. All examined patients were qualified for breast augmentation surgery.

Results

Among 1000 randomly examined patients, 923 were classified in the coronal plane, 920 in the sagittal plane, and 627 in the horizontal plane. Other patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient quality of the images. A notable 43.2% of women have shoulder height asymmetries. A relationship between shoulder height asymmetry and chest width was confirmed by the chi-square Pearson test (P = 0.04), indicating that a higher shoulder is associated with a greater chest width on the same side. Furthermore, 84.7% of women displayed excessive upper chest projection, whereas 28.4% showed excessive lower chest projection. Additionally, 84.4% of women had chest projection asymmetries.

Conclusions

The vast majority of the women had natural asymmetries of the breast or and chest wall. The CSH classification allows systematizing the chest shape assessment. The chest shape has a significant impact on breast implant selection and the choice of the breast surgery technique.