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Maia J, Santos C, Pereira S, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Cruz H, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Katzmarzyk PT. A multivariate multilevel approach to unravel the associations between individual and school factors on children's motor performance in the REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24080. [PMID: 38562064 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to (1) estimate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and object control fundamental movement skills (FMS), (2) identify child characteristics that relate with PF and FMS, and (3) examine associations between the school environment, PF, and FMS. METHODS The sample included 1014 Portuguese children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. PF was assessed via running speed, shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip, and the PACER test. Object control FMS were assessed with stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll. Test performances were transformed into z-scores, and their sum was expressed as overall PF and FMS. Child-level variables included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, accelerometer-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES). School size, physical education classes, practice areas, and equipment were also assessed. RESULTS Approximately, 90% of the variance in object control PF and FMS was at the child level, and 10% at the school level. The correlation between PF and object control FMS was .62, which declined to .43 with the inclusion of covariates. Older, more active, and higher SES children had higher object control PF and FMS, and boys outperformed girls. BMI was negatively associated with PF but not with object control FMS. Sedentary time and number of physical education classes were not significant predictors. Most school predictors did not jointly associate with PF and object control FMS. CONCLUSION PF and object control FMS z-scores were moderately related. Not all child characteristics were associated with both PF and object control FMS, and their effect sizes were different. School characteristics only explained 10% of the total variation in PF and object control FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Matosinhos City-Hall, Division of Innovation, Education and Pedagogy, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Mannino A, Sarapis K, Mourouti N, Karaglani E, Anastasiou CA, Manios Y, Moschonis G. The Association of Maternal Weight Status throughout the Life-Course with the Development of Childhood Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the Healthy Growth Study Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:4602. [PMID: 37960255 PMCID: PMC10649313 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal weight-status at various time-points may influence child obesity development, however the most critical time-point remains unidentified. We used data from the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional study of 2666 Greek schoolchildren aged 9-13 years, exploring associations between childhood obesity and maternal weight-status at pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy/gestational weight gain, and at the child's pre-adolescence. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between maternal weight-status being "below" or "above" the recommended cut-off points (WHO BMI thresholds or IOM cut-off points), at the three time-points, individually or combined into weight-status trajectory groups to determine the strongest associations with child obesity in pre-adolescence. Adjusted models found significant associations and the highest odds ratios [95% Confidence Intervals] for mothers affected by obesity before pregnancy (4.16 [2.47, 7.02]), those with excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy (1.50 [1.08, 2.08]), and those affected by obesity at their child's pre-adolescence (3.3 [2.29, 4.87]). When combining these weight-status groups, mothers who were above-above-below (3.24 [1.10, 9.55]), and above-above-above (3.07 [1.95, 4.85]) the healthy weight recommendation-based thresholds in each time-point, had a three-fold higher likelihood of child obesity, compared to the below-below-below trajectory group. Maternal obesity across all examined time-points was significantly associated with childhood obesity. Effective childhood obesity preventive initiatives should commence at pre-conception, targeting maternal weight throughout the life-course and childhood developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mannino
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katerina Sarapis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Niki Mourouti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Sitia, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Costas A. Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
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Mukataeva Z, Dinmukhamedova A, Kabieva S, Baidalinova B, Khamzina S, Zekenova L, Aizman R. Comparative characteristics of developing morphofunctional features of schoolchildren from different climatic and geographical regions. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:158-166. [PMID: 36508610 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adaptation processes in body of schoolchildren, along with study load and social factors, are determined by influence of climatic and geographical factors of residence region. This research has been undertaken to study the morphofunctional characteristics of schoolchildren at the age of 7-17 years. METHODS The research involved 880 schoolchildren of both sexes in age from 7 to 17 years, studying in secondary school №22 in Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) and secondary school №7 in Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan). The Quetelet index of northern schoolchildren was within the norm but higher compared to southern peers. RESULTS The Quetelet index was within the normal range for all schoolchildren, but higher among northerners. The indicator of the life index in the boys of the south was higher up to 10 years, then the adaptive possibilities of breathing decreased; in the girls in the north this indicator was higher in all periods, except for 8-9 years. The physical performance index (PWC170/kg) was higher in children from the southern region. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant geographical differences in the morphofunctional development of children. The obtained data served allowed establishing the "Electronic map of schoolchildren's health" and indicated the need for systematic accounting of schoolchildren's health indicators for effective development of differentiated prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Mukataeva
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Dinmukhamedova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Kabieva
- Higher School of Natural Science, Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Bibenur Baidalinova
- Higher School of Natural Science, Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Khamzina
- Department of Ecology, Life and Environmental Protection, A. Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan
| | - Laila Zekenova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Roman Aizman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Life Safety Department, Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Mannino A, Sarapis K, Moschonis G. The Effect of Maternal Overweight and Obesity Pre-Pregnancy and During Childhood in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235125. [PMID: 36501155 PMCID: PMC9739272 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overweight/obesity has been associated with an increased risk of obesity in childhood. We investigated the effect of maternal overweight/obesity during pre-pregnancy and whether it is a stronger predictor of child obesity, compared to maternal overweight/obesity during childhood. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies published in English, reporting on obese children and adolescents (2-18 years), with overweight/obese mothers in either pre-pregnancy or during childhood were included. A search was conducted from 2012 to April 2022 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE, followed by screening, data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis. Eleven eligible studies (9 prospective and 2 retrospective cohort studies; total sample, n = 27,505) were identified. Eight studies examined maternal overweight/obesity in pre-conception, presenting consistent positive associations with childhood obesity, three reported positive associations between childhood obesity and maternal overweight/obesity during childhood, and one presented positive associations between both maternal exposures. The narrative synthesis failed to identify which maternal exposure is the strongest predictor of childhood obesity, with studies reporting significant associations between maternal overweight/obesity and child obesity in both time points. Intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood obesity should focus on supporting women of childbearing age with weight management from preconception and throughout their life-course.
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