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Isago H. The Association between Dyslipidemia and Pulmonary Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024:RV22021. [PMID: 39010219 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the most common diseases worldwide. As a component of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence and mechanism by which dyslipidemia promotes cardiovascular diseases has been well studied, although the relationship between pulmonary diseases is not well understood. Because the lung is a respiratory organ with a large surface area and is exposed to the environment outside the body, it continuously inhales various substances. As a result, pulmonary diseases have a vast diversity, including chronic inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that dyslipidemia plays a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of various pulmonary diseases. We herein review the current understanding of the relationship between dyslipidemia and pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, and lung cancer, and infectious pulmonary diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, and COVID-19. In addition, we focus on recent evidence of the utility of statins, specifically 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA reductase inhibitors, in the prevention and treatment of the various pulmonary diseases described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Isago
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital
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Lee YH, Huang YP, Pan SL. Physical activity and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:55-60. [PMID: 38479487 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether physical activity (PA) is associated with a lower risk of subsequently developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS We conducted this population-based longitudinal follow-up study in a community in Taiwan. This study recruited 61,446 subjects who had participated in the Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening Program (KCIS) between 2005 and 2012. During their participation in KCIS, they were provided with structured questionnaires to collect their baseline characteristics, including weekly PA time. After excluding subjects diagnosed with COPD before they joined KCIS and/or who provided incomplete lifestyle data, 59,457 subjects remained, and were classified into three groups based on their weekly PA time: i.e., as NPA (no regular PA), LPA (low PA, <90 min/week) and HPA (high PA, ≥90 min/week). The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of COPD, followed up until the end of 2015 or their death. Cox proportional-hazard regression was used to assess the impact of PA on the risk of COPD. RESULTS The risk of COPD was more than 20% lower in the LPA and HPA groups than in the NPA group. Specifically, the adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of COPD was 0.72 in the LPA group (95% CI, 0.61-0.85, p < 0.001) and 0.79 in the HPA group (95% CI, 0.69-0.90, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our research uncovered an inverse relationship between PA and COPD. The findings suggest that PA might be useful as a strategy for the primary prevention of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Liang Pan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li S, Zhang T, Yang H, Chang Q, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhao L, Xia Y. Metabolic syndrome, genetic susceptibility, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The UK Biobank Study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:482-494. [PMID: 37846527 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS), genetic predisposition, and their interactions, on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Cohort analyses included 287 868 participants from the UK Biobank Study. A genetic risk score for COPD was created using 277 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for COPD in relation to exposure factors. RESULTS During 2 658 936 person-years of follow-up, 5877 incident cases of COPD were documented. Compared with participants without MetS, those with MetS had a higher risk of COPD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17-1.32). Compared to participants with low genetic predisposition, those with high genetic predisposition had a 17% increased risk of COPD. In the joint analysis, compared with participants without MetS and low genetic predisposition, the HR for COPD for those with MetS and high genetic predisposition was 1.50 (95% CI 1.36-1.65; P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction between MetS and genetic risk was found. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome was found to be associated with an increased risk of COPD, regardless of genetic risk. It is crucial to conduct further randomized control trials to determine whether managing MetS and its individual components can potentially reduce the likelihood of developing COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China
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Negewo NA, Gibson PG, Simpson JL, McDonald VM, Baines KJ. Severity of Lung Function Impairment Drives Transcriptional Phenotypes of COPD and Relates to Immune and Metabolic Processes. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:273-287. [PMID: 36942279 PMCID: PMC10024507 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s388297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to characterize transcriptional phenotypes of COPD through unsupervised clustering of sputum gene expression profiles, and further investigate mechanisms underlying the characteristics of these clusters. Patients and methods Induced sputum samples were collected from patients with stable COPD (n = 72) and healthy controls (n = 15). Induced sputum was collected for inflammatory cell counts, and RNA extracted. Transcriptional profiles were generated (Illumina Humanref-8 V2) and analyzed by GeneSpring GX14.9.1. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and differential gene expression analysis were performed, and gene alterations validated in the ECLIPSE dataset (GSE22148). Results We identified 2 main clusters (Cluster 1 [n = 35] and Cluster 2 [n = 37]), which further divided into 4 sub-clusters (Sub-clusters 1.1 [n = 14], 1.2 [n = 21], 2.1 [n = 20] and 2.2 [n = 17]). Compared with Cluster 1, Cluster 2 was associated with significantly lower lung function (p = 0.014), more severe disease (p = 0.009) and breathlessness (p = 0.035), and increased sputum neutrophils (p = 0.031). Sub-cluster 1.1 had significantly higher proportion of people with comorbid cardiovascular disease compared to the other 3 sub-clusters (92.5% vs 57.1%, 50% and 52.9%, p < 0.013). Through supervised analysis we determined that degree of airflow limitation (GOLD stage) was the predominant factor driving gene expression differences in our transcriptional clusters. There were 452 genes (adjusted p < 0.05 and ≥2 fold) altered in GOLD stage 3 and 4 versus 1 and 2, of which 281 (62%) were also found to be significantly expressed between these GOLD stages in the ECLIPSE data set (GSE22148). Differentially expressed genes were largely downregulated in GOLD stages 3 and 4 and connected in 5 networks relating to lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism; metabolic processes in oxidation/reduction and mitochondrial function; antigen processing and presentation; regulation of complement activation and innate immune responses; and immune and metabolic processes. Conclusion Severity of lung function drives 2 distinct transcriptional phenotypes of COPD and relates to immune and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netsanet A Negewo
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Asthma and Breathing Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: Katherine J Baines, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 2 East Wing, Locked Bag 1000, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia, Tel +61 2 40420090, Fax +61 2 40420046, Email
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