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Malinská N, Grobárová V, Knížková K, Černý J. Maternal-Fetal Microchimerism: Impacts on Offspring's Immune Development and Transgenerational Immune Memory Transfer. Physiol Res 2024; 73:315-332. [PMID: 39027950 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal-fetal microchimerism is a fascinating phenomenon in which maternal cells migrate to the tissues of the offspring during both pregnancy and breastfeeding. These cells primarily consist of leukocytes and stem cells. Remarkably, these maternal cells possess functional potential in the offspring and play a significant role in shaping their immune system development. T lymphocytes, a cell population mainly found in various tissues of the offspring, have been identified as the major cell type derived from maternal microchimerism. These T lymphocytes not only exert effector functions but also influence the development of the offspring's T lymphocytes in the thymus and the maturation of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the migration of maternal leukocytes also facilitates the transfer of immune memory across generations. Maternal microchimerism has also been observed to address immunodeficiencies in the offspring. This review article focuses on investigating the impact of maternal cells transported within maternal microchimerism on the immune system development of the offspring, as well as elucidating the effector functions of maternal cells that migrate through the placenta and breast milk to reach the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Malinská
- Laboratory of Cell Immunology, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Masi AC, Stewart CJ. Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14520. [PMID: 38946112 PMCID: PMC11214977 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides the infant with many bioactive factors, including immunomodulating components, antimicrobials and prebiotics, which modulate the infant microbiome and immune system maturation. As a result, breastfeeding can impact infant health from infancy, through adolescence, and into adulthood. From protecting the infant from infections, to reducing the risk of obesity, type 1 diabetes and childhood leukaemia, many positive health outcomes are observed in infants receiving breastmilk. For the mother, breastfeeding protects against postpartum bleeding and depression, increases weight loss, and long-term lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes, breast and ovarian cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Beyond infants and mothers, the wider society is also impacted because of avoidable costs relating to morbidity and mortality derived from a lack of human milk exposure. In this review, Medline was used to search for relevant articles to discuss the health benefits of breastfeeding and its societal impact before exploring future recommendations to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind breastfeeding's positive effects and promote breastfeeding on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Masi
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Piloquet H, Vrignaud B, Gillaizeau F, Capronnier O, Berding K, Günther J, Hecht C, Regimbart C. Efficacy and safety of a synbiotic infant formula for the prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1259-1269. [PMID: 38462218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life nutrition is crucial for the development of the gut microbiota that, in turn, plays an essential role in the maturation of the immune system and the prevention of infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether feeding synbiotic infants and follow-on formulas during the first year of life reduces the incidence rate (IR) of infectious diarrhea compared with standard formulas. Secondary endpoints included the IR of other infectious diseases as well as fecal milieu parameters. METHODS In this double-blind, controlled trial, 460 healthy, 1-mo-old infants were randomly assigned to receive a synbiotic [galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716] (IF, n = 230) or a control formula (CF, n = 230) until 12 mo of age. A reference group of breastfed infants (HM, n = 80) was included. Data on infections were recorded throughout the study period and stool samples were collected at 4 and 12 mo of age. RESULTS IR of infectious diarrhea during the first year of life was 0.60 (CF), 0.56 (IF), and 0.29 (HM), with no statistically significant difference between groups. The IR of lower respiratory tract infections, 1 of the secondary endpoints, however, was lower in IF than in CF [0.79 compared with 1.01, IR ratio = 0.77 (0.60-1.00)]. Additionally, fecal pH was significantly lower at 4 mo (P < 0.0001), whereas secretory IgA was significantly higher at 12 mo of age (P = 0.015) in IF compared with CF. CONCLUSIONS Although no difference is observed in the incidence of diarrhea, consumption of a synbiotic formula containing L. fermentum CECT5716 and GOS in infancy may reduce the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections and affect the immune system and fecal milieu. Additional research is warranted to further investigate the potential interaction of the gut-lung axis. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02221687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Piloquet
- Department of Pediatric Chronic Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Bénédicte Vrignaud
- Department of Pediatric Chronic Diseases, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Yeşildere Sağlam H, Reyhan FA, Dağlı E. What Should a Breastfeeding Place in Public Spaces Be Like? A Qualitative Study on Women's Experiences. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024:19375867241237508. [PMID: 38591576 DOI: 10.1177/19375867241237508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers need a place in public spaces where they can comfortably breastfeed and care for their babies. The availability and design features of these places are critical for meeting mothers' safety and comfort needs while they are breastfeeding. AIM This study was conducted to examine mothers' experiences with breastfeeding places in public spaces. METHODS This study, which was planned as a phenomenological research, one of qualitative research designs, was conducted with mothers (n = 18) with breastfeeding experience in public places. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The thematic analysis method was employed to evaluate the data. RESULTS Study findings were examined under two main themes and 12 subthemes. Getting to the breastfeeding place was actually enough for many of the participants. Women who could not breastfeed for any reason in breastfeeding places stated that they came up with some solutions, such as breastfeeding in the car, feeding with formula, and not taking the baby with them. Participants' basic expectations about the breastfeeding place were that it met cleanliness, hygiene, privacy, and ventilation conditions. CONCLUSIONS It was found that women who tended to spend more time in public spaces recently encountered similar problems during the breastfeeding process. Breastfeeding environments should meet minimum standards such as cleanliness and privacy as well as having the necessary comfort, aesthetics, and decoration features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Yeşildere Sağlam
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aktaş Reyhan
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Turkey
| | - Elif Dağlı
- Department of Health Care Services, Abdi Sütcü Vocational School of Health Services, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Hoyos-Loya E, Pérez Navarro C, Burrola-Méndez S, Hernández-Cordero S, Omaña-Guzmán I, Sachse Aguilera M, Ancira-Moreno M. Barriers to promoting breastfeeding in primary health care in Mexico: a qualitative perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1278280. [PMID: 38264191 PMCID: PMC10803647 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This article aimed to identify the main barriers related to promoting and counseling breastfeeding (BF) at the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Mexico. Methodology A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out in 88 health centers of the Ministry of Health in the states of Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Mexico, and Yucatan. From September to November 2021, we interviewed 88 key health professionals (HPs) (physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and others) from the PHC of the Ministry of Health in Mexico and 80 parents of children under 5 years old. In addition, nine focus groups were conducted with parents and caregivers. The data obtained were triangulated with information from focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Results Of the total interviews, 43.2% (n = 38) were nurses, 29.5% (n = 26) were physicians, 19.3% (n = 17) were nutritionists, and the rest were other health professionals. In the group of users, 97.6% (n = 121) were women. We identified contextual barriers, such as the lack of well-trained health professionals and the scarcest nutrition professionals, as material resources in the health units, without mentioning the low user attendance at their control consultations. Furthermore, we identified barriers related to the orientation and promotion of breastfeeding in health units, including a lack of specific strategies, ineffective communication, and the recommendations of commercial milk formulas. Conclusion The results presented reflect the reality of Mexico in relation to BF, making it urgent to take immediate action to improve the quality of nutritional care related to the promotion and orientation of BF at the PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hoyos-Loya
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Pérez Navarro
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Soraya Burrola-Méndez
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Hernández-Cordero
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Center for Equitable Development EQUIDE, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Ancira-Moreno
- Observatorio Materno Infantil (OMI), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bener A, Tewfik I, Zughaier SM, Day AS. Editorial: Global excellence in children and health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1286481. [PMID: 37780439 PMCID: PMC10539612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1286481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbari Bener
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ihab Tewfik
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susu M. Zughaier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andrew S. Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Olcina Simón MA, Rotella R, Soriano JM, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Peraita-Costa I, Morales-Suarez-Varela M. Breastfeeding-Related Practices in Rural Ethiopia: Colostrum Avoidance. Nutrients 2023; 15:2177. [PMID: 37432341 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The practices of colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding, which are common in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, are firmly rooted in ancient traditions. The main objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of colostrum avoidance and study its associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years old in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study on the practice of colostrum avoidance/prelacteal feeding was conducted in a rural community with 114 mothers of children under 2 years old. Our results reflected that colostrum avoidance and prelacteal feeding were practiced by 56.1% of mothers. The percentage of women who started breastfeeding in the first hour after birth, as recommended by the WHO, was 2.6%. Of the women who practiced colostrum avoidance, 67.2% gave birth at home, and 65.6% were attended by relatives. The likelihood of avoiding colostrum increases in mothers who have a lower educational level, who did not receive health care at the time of delivery, who think that colostrum is dirty and dangerous and who did not receive information about breastfeeding from healthcare professionals. The knowledge emanating from this work may be useful in designing new breastfeeding education programs and/or interventions in Ethiopia and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ascensión Olcina Simón
- MOS Solidaria, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 5-8º Puerta 16, 46400 Cullera, Spain
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Rosita Rotella
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jose M Soriano
- Observatory of Nutrition and Food Safety for Developing Countries, Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, Carrer Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustin Llopis-Gonzalez
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Peraita-Costa
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morales-Suarez-Varela
- Unit of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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