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Leng X, Liu J, Jin A, Zheng H, Wu J, Zhong L, Li Q, Li D. Multi-omics Analyses Reveal Function of Apolipoprotein E in Alternative Splicing and Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma via Pan-cancer Analysis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1-13. [PMID: 38182861 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) regulates lipid metabolism, associated with the development of various cancers. However, its precise prognostic significance and functions in alternative splicing and the tumor immune microenvironment remain unclear. In this study, we extracted APOE expression in pan-cancer from TCGA and analyzed mRNA transcriptome, cell lines, and protein levels. Furthermore, we analyzed the alternative splicing expression of the APOE gene transcript with prognostic profiles using the OncoSplicing database. We obtained 73 common APOE genes to perform functional enrichment analysis, assess the correlation between genes and immune cells using TIMER, EPIC, and ssGSEA methods, and examine the prognostic significance using the UALCAN database. Finally, single-cell data was employed to assess the correlation between APOE genes and cell functions. Our findings revealed that APOE expression varies across different tumor types and cancer cell lines. The alternative splicing analysis demonstrated that APOE transcript expression levels have prognostic value in cancers such as LGG, KIRC, and KIRP. Functional enrichment analysis indicated significant associations between APOE and various immune cells, such as macrophages, CD8 T cells, and NK cells, with significant implications for prognosis. Moreover, single-cell data indicated that APOE was primarily expressed in renal epithelial cells among stromal cells and in macrophages among immune cells, significantly negatively correlated with five functional states. Our study represents the first comprehensive exploration of APOE's function in pan-cancers and identifies APOE as a potential biomarker in cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, and immune therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Leng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Jianhu Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Anqi Jin
- The BioBank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Hongfang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Jiulong Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Longfei Zhong
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Qiaoxin Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China.
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Wang S, Yu Z, Cao Y, Du P, Ma J, Ji Y, Yang X, Zhao Q, Hong B, Yang Y, Hai Y, Li J, Mao Y, Wu S. Construction of a 12-Gene Prognostic Risk Model and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Analysis Based on the Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Model. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241272713. [PMID: 39115042 PMCID: PMC11311166 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241272713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accurate survival predictions and early interventional therapy are crucial for people with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS In this retrospective study, we identified differentially expressed immune-related (DE-IRGs) and oncogenic (DE-OGs) genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to construct a prognostic risk model using univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. We compared the immunogenomic characterization between the high- and low-risk patients in the TCGA and the PUCH cohort, including the immune cell infiltration level, immune score, immune checkpoint, and T-effector cell- and interferon (IFN)-γ-related gene expression. RESULTS A prognostic risk model was constructed based on 9 DE-IRGs and 3 DE-OGs and validated in the training and testing TCGA datasets. The high-risk group exhibited significantly poor overall survival compared with the low-risk group in the training (P < 0.0001), testing (P = 0.016), and total (P < 0.0001) datasets. The prognostic risk model provided accurate predictive value for ccRCC prognosis in all datasets. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram showed the best net benefit for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year risk predictions. Immunogenomic analyses of the TCGA and PUCH cohorts showed higher immune cell infiltration levels, immune scores, immune checkpoint, and T-effector cell- and IFN-γ-related cytotoxic gene expression in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. CONCLUSION The 12-gene prognostic risk model can reliably predict overall survival outcomes and is strongly associated with the tumor immune microenvironment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Cao
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Jinchao Ma
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Yongpeng Ji
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Baoan Hong
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Urological Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Hai
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangxiu Wu
- Genetron Health (Beijing) Technology, Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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Zhao Y, Zhao J, Ma H, Han Y, Xu W, Wang J, Cai Y, Jia X, Jia Q, Yang Q. High Hepcidin Levels Promote Abnormal Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2338. [PMID: 37760781 PMCID: PMC10525531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a chronic inflammatory disease and premalignant lesion of gastric cancer. As an antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin can maintain iron metabolic balance and is susceptible to inflammation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to clarify whether hepcidin is involved in abnormal iron metabolism and ferroptosis during CAG pathogenesis. METHODS Non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patient pathology slides were collected, and related protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The CAG rat model was established using MNNG combined with an irregular diet. RESULTS CAG patients and rats exhibited iron deposition in gastric tissue. CAG-induced ferroptosis in the stomach was characterized by decreased GPX4 and FTH levels and increased 4-HNE levels. Hepcidin, which is mainly located in parietal cells, was elevated in CAG gastric tissue. The high gastric level of hepcidin inhibited iron absorption in the duodenum by decreasing the protein expression of DMT1 and FPN1. In addition, the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway induced hepcidin production in gastric tissue. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the high level of gastric hepcidin induced ferroptosis in the stomach but also inhibited iron absorption in the intestines. Inhibiting hepcidin might be a new strategy for the prevention of CAG in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashuo Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Yan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Weichao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qian Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
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