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Deschodt PS, Cory JS. Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2851-2859. [PMID: 38339817 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial insecticides are an important weapon in insect pest management, but their use is still relatively limited. One approach for increasing their efficacy and use could be to combine different pathogens to increase pest mortality. However, little is known about whether increasing pathogen diversity will improve pest management. Here, we investigated the compatibility of two pathogens for the management of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, on two crops, tomato and broccoli. The pathogens were applied to individual plants using ultra low volume sprays, alone or in combination, either synchronously or asynchronously. Healthy third-instar T. ni larvae were introduced to the plants before application and collected by destructive sampling 24 h after the last pathogen application. RESULTS Combined applications did not result in an increase in larval mortality compared to TniSNPV alone, although mortality was generally high. B. bassiana was considerably less effective on broccoli compared to tomato. In both the combined treatments, virus-induced mortality was approximately 50% lower when applied together with the fungus, while fungus-induced mortality was not affected by the virus, even when the virus was introduced 24 h before the fungus. CONCLUSION While our results suggest that applying this combination of entomopathogens would not be beneficial for pest management, this study illustrates the need to consider the target crop as an important driver of the efficacy of both single and mixed pathogen applications in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline S Deschodt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jenny S Cory
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Application of the Scorpion Neurotoxin AaIT against Insect Pests. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143467. [PMID: 31311095 PMCID: PMC6678123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin (AaIT), an insect-selective toxin, was identified in the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis. The exclusive and specific target of the toxin is the voltage-gated sodium channels of the insect, resulting in fast excitatory paralysis and even death. Because of its strict toxic selectivity and high bioactivity, AaIT has been widely used in experiments exploring pest bio-control. Recombinant expression of AaIT in a baculovirus or a fungus can increase their virulence to insect pests and diseases vectors. Likewise, transgenic plants expressing AaIT have notable anti-insect activity. AaIT is an efficient toxin and has great potential to be used in the development of commercial insecticides.
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Wei L, Liang A, Fu Y. Expression of Ac-PK2 protein from AcMNPV improved the progeny virus production via regulation of energy metabolism and protein synthesis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31071-31080. [PMID: 35548732 PMCID: PMC9085523 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05172k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus encoded PK2 protein can increase viral fitness through inhibition of the eIF2α family kinases activity. Previous studies indicated that the virus might take over the control of cellular machinery post-infection, which would impose a high metabolic burden to infected insect cells. Here we showed that eIF2α phosphorylation decreased, with concomitant up-regulation of total and heterologous protein synthesis in AcMNPV-PK2-EGFP infected Sf9 cells and the larvae of Spodoptera exigua. Simultaneously, the lactic acid accumulation decreased and the uptake of glucose increased in AcMNPV-PK2-EGFP infected Sf9 cells. We proposed a model that Ac-PK2 protein overexpression would help protein synthesis by inhibiting eIF2α phosphorylation, which provided a more favorable scenario to support the efficient replication of the virus by re-directing the cellular metabolism toward ATP production. Finally, we confirmed that AcMNPV-PK2-EGFP could improve the production of progeny virus in infected Sf9 cells and enhance insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China +86 351 7011499 +86 351 7016125
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China +86 351 7011499 +86 351 7016125
| | - Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China +86 351 7011499 +86 351 7016125
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Popham HJR, Nusawardani T, Bonning BC. Introduction to the Use of Baculoviruses as Biological Insecticides. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1350:383-392. [PMID: 26820869 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are widely used both as protein expression vectors and as insect pest control agents. This section provides an overview of the baculovirus life cycle and use of baculoviruses as insecticidal agents. This chapter includes discussion of the pros and cons for use of baculoviruses as insecticides, and progress made in genetic enhancement of baculoviruses for improved insecticidal efficacy. These viruses are used extensively for control of insect pests in a diverse range of agricultural and forest habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO, USA.
- AgBiTech, 1601 S. Providence Rd., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Zhong W, Ding S, Guo H. The chitinase C gene PsChiC from Pseudomonas sp. and its synergistic effects on larvicidal activity. Genet Mol Biol 2015; 38:366-72. [PMID: 26500441 PMCID: PMC4612601 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-475738320140320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. strain TXG6-1, a chitinolytic gram-negative bacterium, was isolated from a vegetable field in Taixing city, Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, a Pseudomonas chitinase C gene (PsChiC) was isolated from the chromosomal DNA of this bacterium using a pair of specific primers. The PsChiC gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1443 nucleotides and encoded 480 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 51.66 kDa. The deduced PsChiC amino acid sequence lacked a signal sequence and consisted of a glycoside hydrolase family 18 catalytic domain responsible for chitinase activity, a fibronectin type III-like domain (FLD) and a C-terminal chitin-binding domain (ChBD). The amino acid sequence of PsChiCshowed high sequence homology (> 95%) with chitinase C from Serratia marcescens. SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular mass of chitinase PsChiC was 52 kDa. Chitinase assays revealed that the chitobiosidase and endochitinase activities of PsChiCwere 51.6- and 84.1-fold higher than those of pET30a, respectively. Although PsChiC showed little insecticidal activity towards Spodoptera litura larvae, an insecticidal assay indicated that PsChiC increased the insecticidal toxicity of SpltNPV by 1.78-fold at 192 h and hastened death. These results suggest that PsChiC from Pseudomonas sp. could be useful in improving the pathogenicity of baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Zhong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. ; Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Fu Y, Li X, Du J, Zheng S, Liang A. Regulation analysis of AcMNPV-mediated expression of a Chinese scorpion neurotoxin under the IE1, P10 and PH promoter in vivo and its use as a potential bio-insecticide. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1929-36. [PMID: 26043969 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the regulation mechanism of AcMNPV (Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus)-mediated expression of BmK IT under IE1, P10 and PH promoters in the larva of Heliothis armigera.. RESULTS The transcription level of BmK IT gene in midgut and epidermal tissue was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The start time of transcription of recombinant BmK IT gene was early under the regulation of IE promoter, whereas transcription of BmK IT was high under the regulation of P10 promoter in the midgut tissue of infected larvae. TdT-UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed the degree of apoptotic cell death in the midgut tissue of AcMNPV-BmK IT-transfected insect larvae was higher than that in the AcMNPV treatment group at 8 h post-infection. The time-effect relationship between the insect's humoral immunity and regulation of promoters was confirmed in the phenoloxidase activity assay. CONCLUSION The anti-insect mechanism and regulation of different promoters in AcMNPV-BmK IT at molecular and cellular levels provide an experimental basis for the development of recombinant baculovirus biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Zheng
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
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Kumar CS, Ranga Rao GV, Sireesha K, Kumar PL. Isolation and characterization of baculoviruses from three major lepidopteran pests in the semi-arid tropics of India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011; 22:29-36. [PMID: 23637499 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-011-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Baculoviruses were isolated from three major lepidopteran pests, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and Amsacta albistriga in the semi-arid tropics during natural epizootic conditions at ICRISAT fields, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biological, morphological and biochemical analysis identified these isolates as Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs). Scanning electron microscopy of the occlusion bodies (OBs) purified from diseased larvae revealed polyhedral particles of size approximately 0.5-2.5 μm [Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV)], 0.9-2.92 μm [Spodoptera litura Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV)] and 1.0-2.0 μm [Amsacta albistriga Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AmalNPV)] in diameter. Transmission electron microscopy of thin sections of OBs of the three isolates revealed up to 5-8 multiple bacilliform shaped particles packaged within a single viral envelope. The dimensions of these particles were 277.7 × 41.6 nm for HearNPV, 285.7 × 34.2 nm for SpltNPV and 228.5 × 22.8 nm for AmalNPV. Each of HearNPV and AmalNPV contained up to 6 nucleocapsids and SpltNPV contained up to 7 nucleocapsids per envelope. The estimated molecular weights of the purified OB (polyhedrin) protein of the three NPVs were 31.29-31.67 kDa. Virus yield (OBs/larva) was 5.18 ± 0.45 × 10(9) for HearNPV, 5.73 ± 0.17 × 10(9) for SpltNPV and 7.90 ± 0.54 × 10(9) for AmalNPV. The LC50 values of various NPVs against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae indicated 2.30 × 10(4) and 1.5 × 10(5) OBs/ml for HearNPV, 3.5 × 10(4) and 2.4 × 10(5) OBs/ml for SpltNPV and 5.6 × 10(4) and 3.96 × 10(5) OBs/ml for AmalNPV. The lethal time required to cause 50% mortality (LT50) for these three species were also defined. This study has shown that the NPVs infecting three major lepidopteran pests in India are multiple NPVs, and they have good potential to use as biocontrol agents against these important pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Sridhar Kumar
- Entomology Unit, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502324 Andhra Pradesh India
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Rodríguez VA, Belaich MN, Gómez DLM, Sciocco-Cap A, Ghiringhelli PD. Identification of nucleopolyhedrovirus that infect Nymphalid butterflies Agraulis vanillae and Dione juno. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 106:255-62. [PMID: 21047512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dione juno and Agraulis vanillae are very common butterflies in natural gardens in South America, and also bred worldwide. In addition, larvae of these butterflies are considered as pests in crops of Passiflora spp. For these reasons, it is important to identify and describe pathogens of these species, both for preservation purposes and for use in pest control. Baculoviridae is a family of insect viruses that predominantly infect species of Lepidoptera and are used as bioinsecticides. Larvae of D. juno and A. vanillae exhibiting symptoms of baculovirus infection were examined for the presence of baculoviruses by PCR and transmission electron microscopy. Degenerate primers were designed and used to amplify partial sequences from the baculovirus p74, cathepsin, and chitinase genes, along with previously designed primers for amplification of lef-8, lef-9, and polh. Sequence data from these six loci, along with ultrastructural observations on occlusion bodies isolated from the larvae, confirmed that the larvae were infected with nucleopolyhedroviruses from genus Alphabaculovirus. The NPVs from the two different larval hosts appear to be variants of the same, previously undescribed baculovirus species. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data placed these NPVs in Alphabaculovirus group I/clade 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Andrea Rodríguez
- LIGBCM, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina
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Mengual Gómez DL, Belaich MN, Rodríguez VA, Ghiringhelli PD. Effects of fetal bovine serum deprivation in cell cultures on the production of Anticarsia gemmatalis multinucleopolyhedrovirus. BMC Biotechnol 2010; 10:68. [PMID: 20843354 PMCID: PMC2949788 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-10-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticarsia gemmatalis is a pest in South America's soybean crops, which could be controlled by the Multinucleopolyhedrovirus of A. gemmatalis (AgMNPV). Currently, its commercial production is based on infected larvae. However, the possibility of using modified baculoviruses in Integrated Pest Management programs has stimulated an interest to develop alternative multiplication processes. This study evaluated the AgMNPV production in UFL-Ag-286 cells previously deprived Fetal Bovine Serum. RESULTS Culture media containing 1% FBS during the previous 48 hours achieved a synchronized condition where 90% of cells were found in G0/G1 stage, showing the presence of non-filamentous actin. All characteristics were estimated from cellular viability tests, cell actin detection trials and flow cytometer cell cycle analysis. AgMNPV production was tested by transcript studies and budded viruses (BVs) and occlusion bodies (OBs) yield quantitation. Results showed that the productivity in FBS deprived cells was 9.8 times more in BVs and 3.8 times more in OBs with respect to non-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS UFL-Ag-286 cells previously deprived in FBS shown to be a better host for AgMNPV propagation, increasing the useful for both in vitro bioinsecticide production and applications such as recombinant protein expression or gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Mengual Gómez
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Roque Saenz Peña 352, CP B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
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