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Gu B, Johns AL, Binhuwaishel L, Dass A, Sheller B, Kapadia HP, Yen SLK. Impact of protraction or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion on longitudinal quality of life in patients with cleft lip and palate. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:813-820. [PMID: 38817081 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed overall quality of life (QoL) over time in youth with cleft lip and palate (CLP) undergoing maxillary protraction treatment or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion to identify any differences in QoL based on treatment group and outcome success. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in two pediatric hospitals. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) measured physical and mental QoL prior to treatment, at maximal correction, at treatment completion, and at 1-year post treatment. Analyses included one-sample, two-sample, and paired t-tests and analyses of variance and covariance. RESULTS Participants (N = 91) either completed protraction (n = 53) at age 11-14 or surgery (n = 38) at age 16-21. Participants were mostly Latinx (67%) males (55%) born with unilateral CLP (81%) and there were no demographic differences between the two groups other than age. The total sample's QoL was in the average range and significantly higher than national norms. No significant differences were found in QoL-based outcome success; however, the protraction group showed a gradual physical QoL improvement over time, while the surgery group experienced a temporary drop in physical QoL postoperatively. At treatment completion, higher physical QoL was associated with higher socioeconomic status. At a year post treatment, mental QoL was significantly higher for males. CONCLUSION Both protraction and surgery appear to be acceptable treatment options in terms of overall QoL for youth with CLP. While treatment success did not impact QoL, there were some differences in physical QoL coinciding with the treatment phase as well as individual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexis L Johns
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lamia Binhuwaishel
- Division of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amarjit Dass
- Division of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Barbara Sheller
- Department of Dentistry, Seattle Children's Hospital and School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hitesh P Kapadia
- Department of Dentistry, Seattle Children's Hospital and School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen L-K Yen
- Division of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Aoyama BC, McGrath-Morrow SA, Collaco JM. Social determinants of health and somatic growth in preterm infants and children with chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 39212242 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of prematurity, is associated with impaired lung function and increased morbidity in childhood. These children display heterogeneous somatic growth patterns which may ultimately impact their risk for later respiratory disease. We aim to understand the relationship between socioenvironmental exposures and growth in this population. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted using participants (n = 616) enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Outpatient BPD Registry. Growth measurements between 0 and 36 months of age were obtained. Somatic growth measurements, both corrected and uncorrected for gestational age, were converted to z-scores using Center for Disease Control and Prevention normative data. Using a participant's residential zip code, we utilized the 2019 Area Deprivation Index (ADI), the Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0, and neighborhood food insecurity data from the Maryland Food Bank. Linear regression analysis was performed employing individual socioenvironmental measures as independent variables and growth z-scores as dependent variables in univariate analysis. Univariate analysis was repeated adjusting for gestational age, BPD severity, and the presence of a gastrostomy tube (GT). RESULTS Of the three measures analyzed, national COI (nCOI) showed a significant association with mean weight z-scores, mean ADI showed some association with mean weight z-scores, and the percentage of a community experiencing food insecurity showed no association with mean weight z-scores. After adjusting for gestational age, BPD severity, and presence of a GT, children living in areas of greater opportunity (higher nCOI values), had significantly lower weight z-scores at 12 months corrected and at 24 and 36 months uncorrected CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the COI 2.0, a multidimensional measure, captures more facets of an individual's social environment, as compared to the singular nature of a measure of food insecurity. There are several potential explanations for the phenomenon seen, and further understanding of this dynamic is crucial for designing effective interventions and policies to better address inequities in outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Aoyama
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Berti TL, Cunha DB, Sichieri R, Brandão JM, Faerstein E. Income and education level trajectories and changes in the daily consumption of vegetables after thirteen years of follow-up: the Pró-Saúde Study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 27:e240043. [PMID: 39230101 PMCID: PMC11383517 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether education level and income trajectories influence vegetable consumption changes over 13 years among civil servants at different campuses of a university in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Vegetable intake frequency (daily and non-daily consumption), income (per capita), and education level (maintenance of low schooling/ upward mobility/maintenance of high schooling) were assessed at baseline (1999) and in the fourth wave (2011-12) of the Pró-Saúde (Pro-Health) cohort study. A total of 2,381 participants were analyzed. The association between educational and income trajectories and variation in vegetable consumption was assessed via crude and age-adjusted generalized linear models, stratified by sex. RESULTS Men in upward educational mobility showed a 0.5% increase in vegetable consumption (p=0.01), while women in this group demonstrated a 2.5% increase (p=0.05). Adjusted models showed that women who reduced their income had a lower likelihood of consuming vegetables (odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-0.97). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the influence of social inequalities on vegetable consumption in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Lelis Berti
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Social Medicine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Diana Barbosa Cunha
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Social Medicine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Social Medicine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Joana Maia Brandão
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Social Medicine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Social Medicine Institute, Department of Epidemiology, - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Garoosi K, Yoon Y, Hale E, Kahan R, Kalia N, Higuchi T, Mathes D, Hudish T, Kaoutzanis C. Association between genital gender-affirming surgery and psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with gender incongruence. J Sex Med 2024; 21:729-733. [PMID: 38972664 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies present mixed evidence on the relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) in individuals with gender incongruence (GI). AIM This research aims to investigate the psychiatric comorbidity rates post-GGAS in the GI population-namely, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorders, substance abuse disorder, and suicidality. METHODS Based on the TriNetX health care database, an international database with >250 million patients, a cross-sectional study was executed comparing psychiatric comorbidity rates among cases of GI with and without GGAS. Individuals were matched for demographic and health-related variables, which included history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. OUTCOMES The main focus was to establish the rates and changes in psychiatric comorbidities following GGAS. RESULTS Among individuals with GI, the study identified 4061 with GGAS and 100 097 without. At 1 year post-GGAS, there was a significant decrease in depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.748; 95% CI, 0.672-0.833; P < .0001), anxiety (OR, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.658-0.810; P < .0001), substance use disorder (OR, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.658-0.810; P < .0001), and suicidality (OR, 0.530; 95% CI, 0.425-0.661; P < .0001), and these reductions were maintained or improved on at 5 years, including posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 0.831; 95% CI, 0.704-0.981; P = .028). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The findings indicate that GGAS may play a crucial role in diminishing psychiatric comorbidities among individuals with GI. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS This is the largest known study to evaluate the effect of GGAS on psychiatric comorbidities in the GI population, offering robust evidence. The reliance on the precision of CPT and ICD-10 codes for data extraction poses a limitation due to potential coding inaccuracies. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests a significant association between GGAS and reduced psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with GI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassra Garoosi
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - YooJin Yoon
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Elijah Hale
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Riley Kahan
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Nargis Kalia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Ty Higuchi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - David Mathes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Tyler Hudish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Christodoulos Kaoutzanis
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Wu C, McLeod MC, Song Z, Chen H, Rose JB, Bhatia S, Gillis A. Exploring Disparities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Outcomes among Asian and Pacific Islander Subgroups. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2153-2162. [PMID: 39023120 PMCID: PMC11331565 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging malignancy with known disparities in outcomes across ethnicities. Studies specifically investigating PDAC in Asian populations are sparse, overlooking the rich diversity within this group. This research seeks to fill that gap by examining survival differences across the broad spectrum of Asian ethnicities, acknowledging the complexity and varied experiences within these communities. Utilizing the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2019, we categorized patients into East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups. Non-Asians or Pacific Islanders were excluded. Overall survival was analyzed using a Cox hazards model. The study consisted of 13,254 patients. Most patients were East Asian (59.4%, n = 7,866). Southeast Asians exhibited the poorest survival in unadjusted analysis (HR, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.42; P < 0.001) compared with South Asians who exhibited the best survival. Multivariable analysis revealed significantly worse survival for East Asians and Pacific Islanders relative to South Asians, whereas Southeast Asians' results were not significantly different. Asian subgroup differences notably affect PDAC outcomes. Research on genetic and cultural aspects, especially in Southeast Asians, and tackling health disparities are crucial for enhancing survival in this diverse disease. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the significant survival disparities among Asian subgroups with pancreatic cancer, utilizing a large national database. By differentiating among East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Pacific Islander groups, it underscores the need for tailored research and healthcare approaches. Addressing these differences is essential for developing culturally sensitive interventions and potentially improving outcomes in a disease that uniquely affects these diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wu
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - M. Chandler McLeod
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Zhixing Song
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Herbert Chen
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - John Bart Rose
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Andrea Gillis
- General Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Herrmann K, Beese F, Wollgast L, Mauz E, Kersjes C, Hoebel J, Wachtler B. Temporal dynamics of socioeconomic inequalities in depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1397392. [PMID: 39022423 PMCID: PMC11252079 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1397392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety is widely acknowledged, and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to exhibit higher rates of symptoms. However, the direction in which the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced these disparities remains uncertain. We therefore aimed to systematically outline the available evidence on the temporal dynamics of socioeconomic inequalities in symptoms related to depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic across high-income countries. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching the databases Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO. According to pre-defined eligibility criteria, two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts as well as full texts of the compiled records. Data from the included studies were extracted using a standardised data-extraction form and analysed numerically and narratively. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results A total of 49 studies comprising 149 analyses of socioeconomic indicators in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety were included. Despite heterogeneous study designs and results, there was a tendency of increasing (40.9%; n = 61) or persistent (38.2%; n = 57) inequality trends to the detriment of those in socially more disadvantaged positions. Increasing inequalities were most pronounced when income was used as a socioeconomic indicator. Groups with lower socioeconomic status appeared most vulnerable in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the pandemic, dynamics were diverse, with persistent trends most frequently reported. Conclusion Overall, to the detriment of those with lower socioeconomic status, mental-health inequalities persisted or increased in most analyses. Continually monitoring socioeconomic inequalities over time is crucial, since this makes it possible to adapt prevention and intervention strategies to specific pandemic phases. Interventions targeting job security, income security and educational attainment could reduce mental-health inequalities. The results can contribute to preparedness plans for future pandemics and crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Herrmann
- Institute of Public Health, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beese
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Wollgast
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elvira Mauz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kersjes
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hoebel
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Lehmler S, Siehl S, Kjelkenes R, Heukamp J, Westlye LT, Holz N, Nees F. Closing the loop between environment, brain and mental health: how far we might go in real-life assessments? Curr Opin Psychiatry 2024; 37:301-308. [PMID: 38770914 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental factors such as climate, urbanicity, and exposure to nature are becoming increasingly important influencers of mental health. Incorporating data gathered from real-life contexts holds promise to substantially enhance laboratory experiments by providing a more comprehensive understanding of everyday behaviors in natural environments. We provide an up-to-date review of current technological and methodological developments in mental health assessments, neuroimaging and environmental sensing. RECENT FINDINGS Mental health research progressed in recent years towards integrating tools, such as smartphone based mental health assessments or mobile neuroimaging, allowing just-in-time daily assessments. Moreover, they are increasingly enriched by dynamic measurements of the environment, which are already being integrated with mental health assessments. To ensure ecological validity and accuracy it is crucial to capture environmental data with a high spatio-temporal granularity. Simultaneously, as a supplement to experimentally controlled conditions, there is a need for a better understanding of cognition in daily life, particularly regarding our brain's responses in natural settings. SUMMARY The presented overview on the developments and feasibility of "real-life" approaches for mental health and brain research and their potential to identify relationships along the mental health-environment-brain axis informs strategies for real-life individual and dynamic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lehmler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Siehl
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jannik Heukamp
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Tjelta Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Gao Y, Zeng J, Liao Z, Yang J. Social transition, socioeconomic status and self-rated health in China: evidence from a national cross-sectional survey (CGSS). Front Public Health 2024; 12:1359609. [PMID: 38903586 PMCID: PMC11187279 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1359609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social transition is one of the multi-level mechanisms that influence health disparities. However, it has received less attention as one of the non-traditional social determinants of health. A few studies have examined China's social transition and its impact on health inequality in self-rated health (SRH). Therefore, this study explores the impact of China's market-oriented reforms-social transition and socioeconomic status (SES)-on residents' SRH. Methods Using the cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2017, we analyzed the effects of social transition and SES on the SRH of Chinese residents using the RIF (Recentered influence function) method. The RIF decomposition method investigated health differences among different populations and their determinants. Results Social transition and SES have significant positive effects on the SRH of Chinese residents. The correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents is moderated by social transition, implying that social transition can weaken the correlation between SES and the SRH of Chinese residents. The impacts of SES and social transition on SRH vary across populations. Conclusion Promoting social transition and favoring disadvantaged groups with more resources are urgently needed to promote equitable health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Zangyi Liao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Alter DA, Austin PC, Rosenfeld A. The Dynamic Nature of the Socioeconomic Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:989-999. [PMID: 38309464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of social epidemiologic research, health inequities remain pervasive and ubiquitous in Canada and elsewhere. One reason may be our use of socioeconomic measurement, which has often relied on single point-in-time exposures. To explore the extent to which researchers have incorporated dynamic socioeconomic measurement into cardiovascular health outcome evaluations, we performed a narrative review. We estimated the prevalence of socioeconomic longitudinal cardiovascular research studies that identified socioeconomic exposures at 2 or more points in time between the years of 2019 and 2023. We defined cardiovascular outcome studies as those that examined coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac death, cardiometabolic factors, transient ischemic attacks, peripheral artery disease, or hypertension. Socioeconomic exposures included individual income, neighbourhood income, intergenerational social mobility, education, occupation, insurance status, and economic security. Seven percent of socioeconomic cardiovascular outcome studies have measured socioeconomic status at 2 or more points in time throughout the follow-up period, hypothesized mechanisms by which dynamic socioeconomic measures affected outcome focused on social mobility, accumulation, and critical period theories. Insights, implications, and future directions are discussed, in which we highlight ways in which postal code data can be better used methodologically as a dynamic socioeconomic measure. Future research must incorporate dynamic socioeconomic measurement to better inform root causes, interventions, and health-system designs if health equity is to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alter
- ICES, Sunnybrook Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter C Austin
- ICES, Sunnybrook Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Rosenfeld
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Badran O, Campisi-Pinto S, Amna MA, Turgeman I, Yosef S, Bar-Sela G. Breast cancer insights from Northern Israel: a comprehensive analysis of survival rates among Jewish and Arab women. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1337521. [PMID: 38720806 PMCID: PMC11076725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1337521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates breast cancer survival rates between 2000 and 2022 in northern Israel, focusing on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age at diagnosis, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Analyzing data from Clalit Health Services, we studied 8,431 breast cancer patients (6,395 Jewish, 2,036 Arab). We compared five- and ten-year survival rates across different demographics. Ethnicity showed a minor impact on survival (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.93 - 1.35). Socioeconomic status had a significant effect, with a higher level of improving survival (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 2.04 - 3.08). Age was crucial; women 18-39 had better survival than 60-100, but no significant difference was found between the 18-39 and 40-59 age groups [OR (CI 0.90 - 1.53, p = 0.231)]. For the Charlson Comorbidity Index, women with scores of 3-10 showed lower survival compared to scores of 0 and 1-2. There was a notable improvement in five-year survival rates among patients aged 18-59 diagnosed from 2009-2018 (90.7%) compared to 2000-2008 (86.9%) (p = 0.0046), but not in patients aged 60-100. The study highlights that socioeconomic status, age, and comorbidity scores are significant in determining survival rates for breast cancer. The improvement in survival rates for younger patients diagnosed more recently reflects advancements in treatment and care. This research provides valuable insights into the factors affecting breast cancer survival rates, underscoring the role of socioeconomic status, age, and comorbidities while also highlighting the progress in breast cancer treatment over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Badran
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Mahmoud Abu Amna
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ilit Turgeman
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Samih Yosef
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Barradas S, Lucumi DI, Mentz G, Agudelo DM. A prospective longitudinal approach to examine the association between social position in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood with the control of hypertension during adulthood. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296593. [PMID: 38680932 PMCID: PMC11045881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is one of the main concerns in public health, since it is related with increased morbidity, and potential years of life lost in addition to loss of quality of life. This study aimed to assess: (1) the distribution of indicators of life course SEP in a cohort of Colombian patients with hypertension and (2) to assess the association of life course SEP and control of hypertension among this cohort of patients. Methods Data were obtained using the baseline survey of 258 patients from the Social Determinants and Inequities in the Control of Blood Hypertension Program (ProDSICHA). Mother occupation and housing conditions were measured with the Event History Calendar. Mother educational level was measured with the questionnaire developed by the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America (PERLA). Socioeconomic position during adulthood was measured using education, occupation, and income level based in the MacArthur Network. Results The group with a higher lifelong social position and the group of lower lifelong social position showed better control of hypertension (OR = 1.21; p <0.05; OR = 1.33; p < .05, respectively) compared to those whose social position throughout life varied the most. No statistical differences were found in the relations between single lifetime social position variables, and hypertension control in the three time points analyzed. Discussion These findings warrant further research to deeper our understanding on the role of a multidimensional and cumulative approach of social position in hypertension control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Barradas
- School of Social and Human Sciences, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego I. Lucumi
- Alberto Lleras Camargo School of Government, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Graciela Mentz
- Statistician Lead, Anethesiology Department, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Diana Maria Agudelo
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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