1
|
Eisenhauer EA, Schwartz R, Cunningham R, Hagen L, Fong GT, Callard C, Chaiton M, Pipe A. Perspective on Cancer Control: Whither the Tobacco Endgame for Canada? Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2081-2090. [PMID: 35323368 PMCID: PMC8947635 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In 2014, in response to evidence that Canada’s tobacco use would lead, inexorably, to substantial morbidity and mortality for the foreseeable future, a group of experts convened to consider the development of a “Tobacco Endgame” for Canada. The “Tobacco Endgame” defines a time frame in which to eliminate structural, political, and social dynamics that sustain tobacco use, leading to improved population health. Strategies: A series of Background Papers describing possible measures that could contribute to the creation of a comprehensive endgame strategy for Canada was prepared in advance of the National Tobacco Endgame Summit hosted at Queen’s University in 2016. At the summit, agreement was reached to work together to achieve <5% tobacco use by 2035 (<5 by ’35). A report of the proceedings was shared widely. Achievements: Progress since 2016 has been mixed. The Summit report was followed by a national forum convened by Health Canada in March 2017, and in 2018, the Canadian Government adopted “<5 × ’35” tobacco use target in a renewed Canadian tobacco reduction strategy. Tobacco use has declined in the last 5 years, but at a rate slower than that which will be needed to achieve the <5 by ’35 goal. There remain > 5 million smokers in Canada, signaling that smoking-related diseases will continue to be an enormous health burden. Furthermore, the landscape of new products (e-cigarettes and cannabis) has created additional risks and opportunities. Future directions: A bold, reinvigorated tobacco control strategy is needed that significantly advances ongoing policy developments, including full implementation of the key demand-reduction policies of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Formidable, new disruptive policies and regulations will be needed to achieve Canada’s Endgame goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Schwartz
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Les Hagen
- Action on Smoking & Health, Edmonton, AB T5J 1V9, Canada;
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2J 4B6, Canada;
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Cynthia Callard
- Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada, Ottawa, ON K1Y 0S9, Canada;
| | - Michael Chaiton
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; (R.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrew Pipe
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong L, Burden AM, Liu YY, Tadrous M, Pojskic N, Dolovich L, Calzavara A, Cadarette SM. Initial uptake of the Ontario Pharmacy Smoking Cessation Program: Descriptive analysis over 2 years. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2016; 148:29-40. [PMID: 26759563 DOI: 10.1177/1715163514562038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a significant public health concern. The Ontario Pharmacy Smoking Cessation Program was launched in September 2011 to leverage community pharmacists and expand access to smoking cessation services for public drug plan beneficiaries. METHODS We examined health care utilization data in Ontario to describe public drug plan beneficiaries receiving, and pharmacies providing, smoking cessation services between September 2011 and September 2013. Patient characteristics were summarized, stratified by drug plan group: seniors (age ≥65 years) or social assistance. Trends over time were examined by plotting the number of services, unique patients and unique pharmacies by month. We then examined use of follow-up services and prescription smoking cessation medications. RESULTS We identified 7767 residents receiving pharmacy smoking cessation services: 28% seniors (mean age = 69.9, SD = 4.8; 53% male) and 72% social assistance (mean age = 44.4 years, SD = 11.8; 48% male). Cumulative patient enrollment increased over time with an average of 311 (SD = 61) new patients per month, and one-third (n = 1253) of pharmacies participated by the end of September 2013. Regions with the highest number of patients were Erie St. Clair (n = 1328) and Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant (n = 1312). Sixteen percent of all patients received another pharmacy service (e.g., MedsCheck) on the same day as smoking cessation program enrollment. Among patients with follow-up data, 56% received follow-up smoking cessation services (60% seniors, 55% social assistance) and 74% received a prescription smoking cessation medication. One-year quit status was reported for 12%, with a 29% success rate. CONCLUSIONS Program enrollment has increased steadily since its launch, yet only a third of pharmacies participated and 56% of patients received follow-up services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Wong
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Andrea M Burden
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Yan Yun Liu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Mina Tadrous
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Nedzad Pojskic
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Lisa Dolovich
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Andrew Calzavara
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Suzanne M Cadarette
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Burden, Cadarette, Dolovich, Liu, Tadrous, Wong), University of Toronto, Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehm J, Marmet S, Anderson P, Gual A, Kraus L, Nutt DJ, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Scafato E, Trapencieris M, Wiers RW, Gmel G. Defining Substance Use Disorders: Do We Really Need More Than Heavy Use? Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:633-40. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|